Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 16/848,989

NONINVASIVE DIAGNOSTICS BY SEQUENCING 5-HYDROXYMETHYLATED CELL-FREE DNA

Non-Final OA §112
Filed
Apr 15, 2020
Examiner
SALMON, KATHERINE D
Art Unit
1682
Tech Center
1600 — Biotechnology & Organic Chemistry
Assignee
The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University
OA Round
7 (Non-Final)
42%
Grant Probability
Moderate
7-8
OA Rounds
3y 11m
To Grant
80%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 42% of resolved cases
42%
Career Allow Rate
329 granted / 776 resolved
-17.6% vs TC avg
Strong +38% interview lift
Without
With
+38.0%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 11m
Avg Prosecution
105 currently pending
Career history
881
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
18.3%
-21.7% vs TC avg
§103
27.9%
-12.1% vs TC avg
§102
13.2%
-26.8% vs TC avg
§112
33.7%
-6.3% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 776 resolved cases

Office Action

§112
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . A request for continued examination under 37 CFR 1.114, including the fee set forth in 37 CFR 1.17(e), was filed in this application after final rejection. Since this application is eligible for continued examination under 37 CFR 1.114, and the fee set forth in 37 CFR 1.17(e) has been timely paid, the finality of the previous Office action has been withdrawn pursuant to 37 CFR 1.114. Applicant's submission filed on 6/27/2025 has been entered. Applicant’s election of the species of ZFP36L1, DCXR and Chr4:90790001-90792000 in the reply filed on 6/08/2022 is acknowledged. Because applicant did not distinctly and specifically point out the supposed errors in the restriction requirement, the election has been treated as an election without traverse (MPEP § 818.01(a)). 4. Claims 2, 5-6, 10, 12-13 are pending. Claim 1, 3-4, 7-9 and 11 has been cancelled. Claims 5-6 has been withdrawn as being drawn to nonelected species. 5. The following rejections for claims 2, 10, 12-13 are newly applied. 6. This action is NONFINAL. Withdrawn Rejections The 35 USC 103 rejection made in the previous office action is withdrawn based upon amendments to the claims. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 112 The following is a quotation of the first paragraph of 35 U.S.C. 112(a): (a) IN GENERAL.—The specification shall contain a written description of the invention, and of the manner and process of making and using it, in such full, clear, concise, and exact terms as to enable any person skilled in the art to which it pertains, or with which it is most nearly connected, to make and use the same, and shall set forth the best mode contemplated by the inventor or joint inventor of carrying out the invention. The following is a quotation of the first paragraph of pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112: The specification shall contain a written description of the invention, and of the manner and process of making and using it, in such full, clear, concise, and exact terms as to enable any person skilled in the art to which it pertains, or with which it is most nearly connected, to make and use the same, and shall set forth the best mode contemplated by the inventor of carrying out his invention. Claims 2,10,12-13 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(a) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), first paragraph, as failing to comply with the written description requirement. The claim(s) contains subject matter which was not described in the specification in such a way as to reasonably convey to one skilled in the relevant art that the inventor or a joint inventor, or for applications subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, the inventor(s), at the time the application was filed, had possession of the claimed invention. After review of the claims the recitation of “FPKM value greater than or equal to 10” appears to not be described by the specification. It is noted that the recitation of “FPKM value greater than or equal to 10” was added to the claims on 11/08/2021 (claim 4). However, after review of the specification, the specificaoin teaches on pages 2-3 FPKM plots, however, does not describe dividing the sequence reads according to “FPKM value greater than or equal to 10” Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 112 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112(b): (b) CONCLUSION.—The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor regards as the invention. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph: The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the applicant regards as his invention. Claims 2, 10, 12-13 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph, as being indefinite for failing to particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor (or for applications subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, the applicant), regards as the invention. Claims 2, 10, and 12-13 are indefinite over the phrase “consisting essentially of” in claim 2. The phrase is not clear as the phrase is an attempt to limit the steps to the recited “essential” steps. However it is not clear which steps would be considered essential. For example, the claims do not require isolated cfDNA from a sample. This would be an essential step to measuring cfDNA however it is not recited. Therefore the claims appear to omit essential steps for obtaining a hydromethylation profile. Further, for example, step e is optional and as such it is not clear if the step performed is essential. Claim 10 is unclear over the phrase “at one or more reference target loci relative to the reference hydroxy methylome”. The reference target loci are not compared to the reference and as such it is not clear the metes and bounds of “reference”. Conclusion No claims are allowed. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to KATHERINE D SALMON whose telephone number is (571)272-3316. The examiner can normally be reached 9-530. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Wu Cheng (Winston) Shen can be reached on 5712723157. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /KATHERINE D SALMON/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 1682
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Apr 15, 2020
Application Filed
May 03, 2021
Non-Final Rejection — §112
Nov 08, 2021
Response Filed
Aug 21, 2022
Final Rejection — §112
Feb 22, 2023
Request for Continued Examination
Feb 26, 2023
Response after Non-Final Action
May 05, 2023
Non-Final Rejection — §112
Nov 10, 2023
Response Filed
Dec 27, 2023
Final Rejection — §112
Apr 29, 2024
Request for Continued Examination
May 02, 2024
Response after Non-Final Action
Aug 19, 2024
Non-Final Rejection — §112
Feb 21, 2025
Response Filed
Apr 09, 2025
Final Rejection — §112
Jun 27, 2025
Request for Continued Examination
Jul 02, 2025
Response after Non-Final Action
Jan 29, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §112 (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

7-8
Expected OA Rounds
42%
Grant Probability
80%
With Interview (+38.0%)
3y 11m
Median Time to Grant
High
PTA Risk
Based on 776 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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