Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 17/197,484

Heterotrophic Production Methods for Microbial Biomass and Bioproducts

Final Rejection §103
Filed
Mar 10, 2021
Examiner
AFREMOVA, VERA
Art Unit
1653
Tech Center
1600 — Biotechnology & Organic Chemistry
Assignee
Kuehnle Agrosystems Inc.
OA Round
6 (Final)
51%
Grant Probability
Moderate
7-8
OA Rounds
3y 8m
To Grant
80%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 51% of resolved cases
51%
Career Allow Rate
438 granted / 862 resolved
-9.2% vs TC avg
Strong +29% interview lift
Without
With
+29.4%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 8m
Avg Prosecution
65 currently pending
Career history
927
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
8.9%
-31.1% vs TC avg
§103
37.3%
-2.7% vs TC avg
§102
23.5%
-16.5% vs TC avg
§112
23.6%
-16.4% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 862 resolved cases

Office Action

§103
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Status of claims Claims 1-7, 10-14, 16-18, 22-24, 26-28, 31 and 32 as amended on 3/16/2026 are pending and under examination. Claim 31 was withdrawn from further consideration pursuant to 37 CFR 1.142(b) as being drawn to a nonelected invention by original presentation, there being no allowable generic or linking claim. See 37 CFR 1.142(b) and MPEP § 821.03. In response to the office action, please, cancel non-elected, withdrawn and non-examined claim 31. Claims 1-7, 10-14, 16-18, 22-24, 26-28 and 32 as field on 3/16/2026 are under examination in the instant office action. Response to Arguments Applicant’s arguments filed on 3/16/2026 have been fully considered and are persuasive. The Declaration by Adelheid Kuehnle filed on 10/02/20215 and 10/31/2025 with regard to the scope of the claims as presently amended have been revisited. The rejection of claims 32 under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph, as being indefinite, has been withdrawn in view of claim amendment. Claims 1-7, 10-14, 16-18, 22-24 and 26-28 and 32 are free from prior art as explained in the prior office action (repeated below) and are allowed. The rejection of claims under 35 U.S.C. 101 was withdrawn in view of contents of Declaration by Adelheid Kuehnle and Applicant’s arguments drawn to idea that the claimed product is not a product of nature because original Haematococcus pluvialis culture has been artificially manipulated by inventors under specially designed combination of conditions as designed by inventors to select a novel and materially modified phenotype version of non-encysted cells having markedly different characteristics including never knonw and/or never reported presence of C18:1n7 fatty acid for Haematococcus pluvialis and greater than 85% of ketocarotenoids in total carotenoids for Haematococcus pluvialis. The rejections of claims under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Norihiko Hata et al (“Production of astaxanthin by Haematococcus pluvialis in a sequential heterotrophic-photoautotrophic culture”. Journal of Applied Phycology, 2001, 13, pages 395-402), Shah et al (“Astaxanthin-Producing Green Microalga Haematococcus pluvialis: From Single Cell to High Value Commercial Products”. Frontiers in Plant Science. April 2016, Vol.7, article 531, pages 1-28) and Viso et al (“Fatty acids from 28 marine microalgae”. Phytochemistry. 1993, Vol. 34, No. 6, pages 1521-1533) and further in view of Brinda et al (“Accumulation of astaxanthin in flagellated cells of Haematococcus pluvialis - cultural and regulatory aspects”. Current Science, 2004, Vol. 87, No. 9, pages 1290-1295 was withdrawn in view of contents of Declaration by Adelheid Kuehnle and Applicant’s arguments that the combination of the cited references does not teach an animal feed material or a human food comprising non-encysted cells of Haematococcus pluvialis containing microalgal fatty acid C18:1n7 and comprising greater than 85% of ketocarotenoids in total carotenoids for Haematococcus pluvialis. Conclusion THIS ACTION IS MADE FINAL. Applicant is reminded of the extension of time policy as set forth in 37 CFR 1.136(a). A shortened statutory period for reply to this final action is set to expire THREE MONTHS from the mailing date of this action. In the event a first reply is filed within TWO MONTHS of the mailing date of this final action and the advisory action is not mailed until after the end of the THREE-MONTH shortened statutory period, then the shortened statutory period will expire on the date the advisory action is mailed, and any nonprovisional extension fee (37 CFR 1.17(a)) pursuant to 37 CFR 1.136(a) will be calculated from the mailing date of the advisory action. In no event, however, will the statutory period for reply expire later than SIX MONTHS from the mailing date of this final action. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to VERA AFREMOVA whose telephone number is (571)272-0914. The examiner can normally be reached Monday-Friday: 8.30am-5pm EST. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Sharmila Landau can be reached on (571) 272-0614. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. Vera Afremova March 30, 2026 /VERA AFREMOVA/ Primary Examiner, Art Unit 1653
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Mar 10, 2021
Application Filed
May 31, 2023
Non-Final Rejection — §103
Sep 06, 2023
Response Filed
Dec 06, 2023
Final Rejection — §103
Jun 12, 2024
Response after Non-Final Action
Jun 12, 2024
Request for Continued Examination
Jun 14, 2024
Response after Non-Final Action
Oct 02, 2024
Non-Final Rejection — §103
Mar 07, 2025
Response Filed
Jun 04, 2025
Final Rejection — §103
Oct 06, 2025
Request for Continued Examination
Oct 08, 2025
Response after Non-Final Action
Dec 10, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §103
Mar 16, 2026
Response Filed
Mar 30, 2026
Final Rejection — §103 (current)

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

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2y 5m to grant Granted Dec 16, 2025
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

7-8
Expected OA Rounds
51%
Grant Probability
80%
With Interview (+29.4%)
3y 8m
Median Time to Grant
High
PTA Risk
Based on 862 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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