Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 17/252,698

MEASUREMENT AND PREDICTION OF VIRUS GENETIC MUTATION PATTERNS

Final Rejection §112
Filed
Dec 15, 2020
Examiner
KALLAL, ROBERT JAMES
Art Unit
1685
Tech Center
1600 — Biotechnology & Organic Chemistry
Assignee
The Chinese University of Hong Kong
OA Round
4 (Final)
59%
Grant Probability
Moderate
5-6
OA Rounds
4y 4m
To Grant
91%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 59% of resolved cases
59%
Career Allow Rate
52 granted / 88 resolved
-0.9% vs TC avg
Strong +32% interview lift
Without
With
+32.3%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
4y 4m
Avg Prosecution
40 currently pending
Career history
128
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
23.5%
-16.5% vs TC avg
§103
31.2%
-8.8% vs TC avg
§102
9.3%
-30.7% vs TC avg
§112
23.7%
-16.3% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 88 resolved cases

Office Action

§112
DETAILED ACTIONS Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Claims Status Claims 1-2, 4-6, 11-12, and 14-17 are pending and examined herein. Claims 3, 7-10, 13, and 18-29 are canceled. Priority As detailed on the 11 June 2021 filing receipt, the application claims priority as early as 20 June 2018. At this point in examination, all claims have been interpreted as being accorded this priority date as the effective filing date. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 112(a) The following is a quotation of the first paragraph of 35 U.S.C. 112(a): (a) IN GENERAL.—The specification shall contain a written description of the invention, and of the manner and process of making and using it, in such full, clear, concise, and exact terms as to enable any person skilled in the art to which it pertains, or with which it is most nearly connected, to make and use the same, and shall set forth the best mode contemplated by the inventor or joint inventor of carrying out the invention. Claims 1-2, 4-6, 11-12, and 14-17 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(a) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), first paragraph, as failing to comply with the written description requirement. The claim(s) contains subject matter which was not described in the specification in such a way as to reasonably convey to one skilled in the relevant art that the inventor or a joint inventor, or for applications subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, the inventor(s), at the time the application was filed, had possession of the claimed invention. Claim 1 recites “vaccinating at least one individual with the vaccine that includes the selected one or more amino acid sequences.” The specification discloses the “g-measure” for “(1) predicting epidemiology; (2) selecting component amino acids for the next flu vaccine based on effective mutations and EMPs; (3) evaluating a currently available flu vaccine strain based on comparing currently effective mutations to the vaccine strain” (pg. 8, paragraph [28]) and “antigen design” (pg. 10, paragraph [35]). The 17 January 2025 remarks points to the specification disclosing “preparing for a predicted increase in flu infections (including issuing public health advisories, producing additional medications used to treat flu patients, etc.); selecting flu strains (wild-type or genetically engineered sequences) to include in a flu vaccine; and/or assessing likely effectiveness of currently available flu vaccines” (pg. 14, paragraph [52]). These steps are all interpreted as being directed to design of a vaccine and evaluation of a vaccine design. Synthesis, generation, production, or administration of a vaccine based on the sequence(s) determined by the method is not disclosed in the specification. Therefore, the “vaccinating” step lacks written description support in the specification. Claims 2, 4-6, 11-12, and 14-17 are similarly rejected as they are dependent on claim 1. Response to the 25 September 2025 Applicant Remarks Applicant remarks assert that the inventors were in the possession of the idea of producing and administering a vaccine. Applicant notes the disclosure includes “production and distribution” of a vaccine in the background of the specification and that the prediction may be used for “aiding selection of viral strains for vaccine production” (pg. 1, paragraph [7]). Applicant asserts “the specification shows that the inventors had possession of the idea of including the predicted strain(s) in a vaccine that would be produced and distributed (including vaccinating individuals) in the same manner as existing vaccines (remarks: pg. 8, penultimate paragraph). This argument is not persuasive because while the background of vaccine production implies a vaccine will be produced and used on patients, the specific vaccine generated by the claimed steps is for “making predictions” including “aiding selection,” “providing real-time information,” and “forecasting virus activity” (remarks: pg. 8, penultimate paragraph). These are all interpreted as generation of data based on the claimed steps. Producing and/or administering a vaccine based on the claimed steps is not supported by the generation of predictions, aiding of selections, providing information, or forecasting activity. Therefore, the “vaccinating” step lacks written description support in the specification. Claims 2, 4-6, 11-12, and 14-17 are similarly rejected as they are dependent on claim 1. Conclusion THIS ACTION IS MADE FINAL. Applicant is reminded of the extension of time policy as set forth in 37 CFR 1.136(a). A shortened statutory period for reply to this final action is set to expire THREE MONTHS from the mailing date of this action. In the event a first reply is filed within TWO MONTHS of the mailing date of this final action and the advisory action is not mailed until after the end of the THREE-MONTH shortened statutory period, then the shortened statutory period will expire on the date the advisory action is mailed, and any nonprovisional extension fee (37 CFR 1.17(a)) pursuant to 37 CFR 1.136(a) will be calculated from the mailing date of the advisory action. In no event, however, will the statutory period for reply expire later than SIX MONTHS from the mailing date of this final action. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to Robert J Kallal whose telephone number is (571)272-6252. The examiner can normally be reached Monday through Friday 8 AM - 4 PM EST. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Olivia M. Wise can be reached at (571) 272-2249. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /R.J.K./Examiner, Art Unit 1685 /OLIVIA M. WISE/Supervisory Patent Examiner, Art Unit 1685
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Dec 15, 2020
Application Filed
Dec 15, 2020
Response after Non-Final Action
Mar 13, 2024
Non-Final Rejection — §112
Aug 14, 2024
Response Filed
Oct 17, 2024
Final Rejection — §112
Dec 09, 2024
Interview Requested
Dec 19, 2024
Examiner Interview Summary
Jan 17, 2025
Response after Non-Final Action
Feb 21, 2025
Request for Continued Examination
Feb 26, 2025
Response after Non-Final Action
Jun 16, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §112
Sep 25, 2025
Response Filed
Nov 04, 2025
Final Rejection — §112
Feb 09, 2026
Interview Requested
Feb 19, 2026
Examiner Interview Summary
Feb 19, 2026
Applicant Interview (Telephonic)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

5-6
Expected OA Rounds
59%
Grant Probability
91%
With Interview (+32.3%)
4y 4m
Median Time to Grant
High
PTA Risk
Based on 88 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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