Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 17/373,009

MEDIA ENHANCEMENT SYSTEM

Final Rejection §103
Filed
Jul 12, 2021
Examiner
AJAYI, JOEL
Art Unit
2646
Tech Center
2600 — Communications
Assignee
Snap Inc.
OA Round
10 (Final)
77%
Grant Probability
Favorable
11-12
OA Rounds
2y 9m
To Grant
99%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 77% — above average
77%
Career Allow Rate
486 granted / 632 resolved
+14.9% vs TC avg
Strong +48% interview lift
Without
With
+47.6%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 9m
Avg Prosecution
40 currently pending
Career history
672
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
3.0%
-37.0% vs TC avg
§103
53.4%
+13.4% vs TC avg
§102
39.5%
-0.5% vs TC avg
§112
2.4%
-37.6% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 632 resolved cases

Office Action

§103
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . This action is in response to Applicant’s amendment filed on November 26, 2025. Claims 1, 2, 5-9, 12-16, 19, 20 are still pending in the present application. This action is made FINAL. Response to Arguments Applicant's arguments filed November 26, 2025 have been fully considered but they are not persuasive. The argument features the interface elements establish operational contexts but do not themselves serve as the mechanism by which waveform portions are identified. The examiner respectfully disagrees with the applicant’s statement and asserts that the interface element is not even identified. Using the broadest reasonable interpretation, Barrus discloses selection point 802 as the interface element by which waveform portions are identified (col. 16 line 55 – col. 17, line 12). The argument features the Barrus’ description demonstrates that the waveform portion identification is accomplished through direct manipulation of the waveform representation, independent of positions of the interface elements. The examiner respectfully disagrees with the applicant’s statement and asserts that, as disclosed above, the interface element is not even identified. Using the broadest reasonable interpretation, Barrus discloses the waveform portion identification based on the position of the interface element [e.g. selection point 802 (fig. 8A-8C)]. In view of the above, the rejection using Lieb, Raghunath, and Barrus is maintained as repeated below. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102 of this title, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claims 1, 2, 5-9, 12-16, 19-20 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Lieb et al. (U.S. Patent Number: 10,476,827) in view of Raghunath et al. (U.S. Patent Application Number: 2011/0167354) in view of Barrus et al. (U.S. Patent Number: 7,225,405). Consider claim 1; Lieb discloses a system comprising: a memory (col. 50, lines 36-50); and at least one hardware processor coupled to the memory and comprising instructions (col. 50, lines 17-50) that causes the system to perform operations comprising: causing display of a first media item within a graphical user interface (GUI) of a client device (col. 15, lines 51-54; col. 33, lines 65-66); receiving a request to access a collection of supplemental content from the client device (col. 14, lines 10-12; col. 35, lines 44-47); determining a contextual condition (col. 34, lines 9-17) in response to the receiving the request to access the collection of supplemental content (col. 35, lines 44-47), the contextual condition including user profile data associated with the client device [e.g. contacts (col. 33, line 65 – col. 34, line 17)]; curating the collection of supplemental content from a media repository (col. 21, lines 6-31) based on an attribute of the first media item [e.g. history or location (col. 21, lines 6-30)] and a current temporal factor (col. 6, line 62 – col. 7, line 6; col. 19, lines 6-13; col. 21, lines 16-23), the supplemental content including at least a media object that comprises audio data (col. 11, lines 3-28). Lieb discloses the claimed invention except: causing display of a presentation of the collection of supplemental content at the client device, the presentation of the collection comprising a scrollable list that includes an identifier associated with the media object; receiving an input via the scrollable list that positions a display of the identifier associated with the media object at a predefined position within the GUI; accessing a visualization that represents the audio data based on the input that displays the identifier associated with the media object at the predefined position. In an analogous art Raghunath discloses causing display of a presentation of the collection of supplemental content at the client device (par. 16, lines 1-5), the presentation of the collection comprising a scrollable list that includes an identifier associated with the media object (par. 26; fig. 3); receiving an input via the scrollable list that positions a display of the identifier associated with the media object at a predefined position within the GUI (par. 26; fig. 3); accessing a visualization that represents the audio data based on the input that displays the identifier associated with the media object at the predefined position (par. 26; fig. 3). It is an object of Lieb’s invention to provide a method of sharing media over a communication network. It is an object of Raghunath’s invention to provide a method of users communicating media with each other. Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to modify the teaching of Lieb by including user generated audio data, as taught by Raghunath, for the purpose of effectively providing data in a wireless system. Lieb and Raghunath disclose the claimed invention except: causing display of a presentation of the waveform within the GUI at the client device, the presentation of the waveform including one or more interface elements; receiving inputs to define positions of the one or more interface elements along the presentation of the waveform; identifying a position of the waveform based on the positions of the one or more interface elements, the portion of the waveform corresponding with a segment of the audio data; and generating a second media item that comprises the first media item and the segment of the audio data that corresponds with the portion of the waveform. In an analogous art Barrus discloses causing display of a presentation of the waveform within the GUI at the client device (fig. 8A-8C), the presentation of the waveform including one or more interface elements [e.g. selection point 802 (col 11, lines 12-24; col. 15, lines 2-6; col. 16, line 55 – col. 17, line 6; fig. 8A-8C)]; receiving inputs to define positions of the one or more interface elements (e.g. selection point 802) along the presentation of the waveform (col. 16, line 60 – col. 17, line 6); identifying a position of the waveform based on the positions of the one or more interface elements [e.g. selection point 802 (col. 16, line 60 – col. 17, line 6; col. 17, lines 9-16; fig. 8A-8C)], the portion of the waveform corresponding with a segment of the audio data (col. 16, line 60 – col. 17, line 6; fig. 8B); and generating a second media item (col. 17, lines 9-16) that comprises the first media item and the segment of the audio data that corresponds with the portion of the waveform (col. 16, line 60 – col. 17, line 6; col. 17, lines 9-16; fig. 8C). It is an object of Lieb’s invention to provide a method of sharing media over a communication network. It is an object of Raghunath’s invention to provide a method of users communicating media with each other. It is an object of Barrus’ invention to provide a method of creating, modifying, and deleting media objects. Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to modify the teachings of Lieb and Raghunath by including a waveform, as taught by Barrus, for the purpose of enhancing a user’s experience in a telecommunications network. Consider claim 2, as applied in claim 1; Lieb discloses the contextual condition includes location data that identifies a location of the client device (col. 34, lines 9-17). Consider claim 5, as applied in claim 1; Lieb discloses generating the media object that comprises the audio data at the client device (col. 49, lines 56-64; col. 51, lines 41-52); allocating the media object to the media repository (col. 49, lines 56-64); assigning an identifier to the audio file (col. 49, line 64 – col. 50, line 4); and selecting the audio file from the media repository (col. 49, line 56 – col. 50, line 1) based on the contextual condition (col. 34, lines 9-17). Consider claim 6, as applied in claim 1; Lieb discloses generating a second media item that comprises the audio data of the media object [e.g. a reference (col. 49, line 56 – col. 50, line 4)]. Consider claim 7, as applied in claim 6; Lieb discloses receiving an identification of a portion of the audio data of the media object (col. 50, lines 1-4); and generating the second media item based on the portion of the audio data and the first media item [e.g. a reference (col. 49, line 56 – col. 50, line 4)]. Consider claim 8; Lieb discloses a method comprising: causing display of a first media item within a graphical user interface of a client device (col. 15, lines 51-54; col. 33, lines 65-66); receiving a request to access a collection of supplemental content from the client device (col. 14, lines 10-12; col. 35, lines 44-47); determining a contextual condition (col. 34, lines 9-17) in response to the receiving the request to access the collection of supplemental content (col. 35, lines 44-47), the contextual condition including user profile data associated with the client device [e.g. contacts (col. 33, line 65 – col. 34, line 17)]; curating the collection of supplemental content from a media repository (col. 21, lines 6-31) based on an attribute of the first media item [e.g. history or location (col. 21, lines 6-30)] and a current temporal factor (col. 6, line 62 – col. 7, line 6; col. 19, lines 6-13; col. 21, lines 16-23), the supplemental content including at least a media object that comprises audio data (col. 11, lines 3-28). Lieb discloses the claimed invention except: causing display of a presentation of the collection of supplemental content at the client device, the presentation of the collection comprising a scrollable list that includes an identifier associated with the media object; receiving an input via the scrollable list that positions a display of the identifier associated with the media object at a predefined position within the GUI; accessing a visualization that represents the audio data based on the input that displays the identifier associated with the media object at the predefined position. In an analogous art Raghunath discloses causing display of a presentation of the collection of supplemental content at the client device (par. 16, lines 1-5), the presentation of the collection comprising a scrollable list that includes an identifier associated with the media object (par. 26; fig. 3); receiving an input via the scrollable list that positions a display of the identifier associated with the media object at a predefined position within the GUI (par. 26; fig. 3); accessing a visualization that represents the audio data based on the input that displays the identifier associated with the media object at the predefined position (par. 26; fig. 3). It is an object of Lieb’s invention to provide a method of sharing media over a communication network. It is an object of Raghunath’s invention to provide a method of users communicating media with each other. Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to modify the teaching of Lieb by including user generated audio data, as taught by Raghunath, for the purpose of effectively providing data in a wireless system. Lieb and Raghunath disclose the claimed invention except: causing display of a presentation of the waveform within the GUI at the client device, the presentation of the waveform including one or more interface elements; receiving inputs to define positions of the one or more interface elements along the presentation of the waveform; identifying a position of the waveform based on the positions of the one or more interface elements, the portion of the waveform corresponding with a segment of the audio data; and generating a second media item that comprises the first media item and the segment of the audio data that corresponds with the portion of the waveform. In an analogous art Barrus discloses causing display of a presentation of the waveform within the GUI at the client device (fig. 8A-8C), the presentation of the waveform including one or more interface elements [e.g. selection point 802 (col 11, lines 12-24; col. 15, lines 2-6; col. 16, line 55 – col. 17, line 6; fig. 8A-8C)]; receiving inputs to define positions of the one or more interface elements (e.g. selection point 802) along the presentation of the waveform (col. 16, line 60 – col. 17, line 6); identifying a position of the waveform based on the positions of the one or more interface elements [e.g. selection point 802 (col. 16, line 60 – col. 17, line 6; col. 17, lines 9-16; fig. 8A-8C)], the portion of the waveform corresponding with a segment of the audio data (col. 16, line 60 – col. 17, line 6; fig. 8B); and generating a second media item (col. 17, lines 9-16) that comprises the first media item and the segment of the audio data that corresponds with the portion of the waveform (col. 16, line 60 – col. 17, line 6; col. 17, lines 9-16; fig. 8C). It is an object of Lieb’s invention to provide a method of sharing media over a communication network. It is an object of Raghunath’s invention to provide a method of users communicating media with each other. It is an object of Barrus’ invention to provide a method of creating, modifying, and deleting media objects. Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to modify the teachings of Lieb and Raghunath by including a waveform, as taught by Barrus, for the purpose of enhancing a user’s experience in a telecommunications network. Consider claim 9, as applied in claim 8; Lieb discloses the contextual condition includes location data that identifies a location of the client device (col. 34, lines 9-17). Consider claim 12, as applied in claim 8; Lieb discloses generating the media object that comprises the audio data at the client device (col. 49, lines 56-64; col. 51, lines 41-52); allocating the media object to the media repository (col. 49, lines 56-64); assigning an identifier to the audio file (col. 49, line 64 – col. 50, line 4); and selecting the audio file from the media repository (col. 49, line 56 – col. 50, line 1) based on the contextual condition (col. 34, lines 9-17). Consider claim 13, as applied in claim 8; Lieb discloses generating a second media item that comprises the audio data of the media object [e.g. a reference (col. 49, line 56 – col. 50, line 4)]. Consider claim 14, as applied in claim 13; Lieb discloses receiving an identification of a portion of the audio data of the media object (col. 50, lines 1-4); and generating the second media item based on the portion of the audio data and the first media item [e.g. a reference (col. 49, line 56 – col. 50, line 4)]. Consider claim 15; Lieb discloses a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a machine, cause the machine to perform operations comprising: causing display of a first media item within a graphical user interface of a client device (col. 15, lines 51-54; col. 33, lines 65-66); receiving a request to access a collection of supplemental content from the client device (col. 14, lines 10-12; col. 35, lines 44-47); determining a contextual condition (col. 34, lines 9-17) in response to the receiving the request to access the collection of supplemental content (col. 35, lines 44-47), the contextual condition including user profile data associated with the client device [e.g. contacts (col. 33, line 65 – col. 34, line 17)]; curating the collection of supplemental content from a media repository (col. 21, lines 6-31) based on an attribute of the first media item [e.g. history or location (col. 21, lines 6-30)] and a current temporal factor (col. 6, line 62 – col. 7, line 6; col. 19, lines 6-13; col. 21, lines 16-23), the supplemental content including at least a media object that comprises audio data (col. 11, lines 3-28). Lieb discloses the claimed invention except: causing display of a presentation of the collection of supplemental content at the client device, the presentation of the collection comprising a scrollable list that includes an identifier associated with the media object; receiving an input via the scrollable list that positions a display of the identifier associated with the media object at a predefined position within the GUI; accessing a visualization that represents the audio data based on the input that displays the identifier associated with the media object at the predefined position. In an analogous art Raghunath discloses causing display of a presentation of the collection of supplemental content at the client device (par. 16, lines 1-5), the presentation of the collection comprising a scrollable list that includes an identifier associated with the media object (par. 26; fig. 3); receiving an input via the scrollable list that positions a display of the identifier associated with the media object at a predefined position within the GUI (par. 26; fig. 3); accessing a visualization that represents the audio data based on the input that displays the identifier associated with the media object at the predefined position (par. 26; fig. 3). It is an object of Lieb’s invention to provide a method of sharing media over a communication network. It is an object of Raghunath’s invention to provide a method of users communicating media with each other. Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to modify the teaching of Lieb by including user generated audio data, as taught by Raghunath, for the purpose of effectively providing data in a wireless system. Lieb and Raghunath disclose the claimed invention except: causing display of a presentation of the waveform within the GUI at the client device, the presentation of the waveform including one or more interface elements; receiving inputs to define positions of the one or more interface elements along the presentation of the waveform; identifying a position of the waveform based on the positions of the one or more interface elements, the portion of the waveform corresponding with a segment of the audio data; and generating a second media item that comprises the first media item and the segment of the audio data that corresponds with the portion of the waveform. In an analogous art Barrus discloses causing display of a presentation of the waveform within the GUI at the client device (fig. 8A-8C), the presentation of the waveform including one or more interface elements [e.g. selection point 802 (col 11, lines 12-24; col. 15, lines 2-6; col. 16, line 55 – col. 17, line 6; fig. 8A-8C)]; receiving inputs to define positions of the one or more interface elements (e.g. selection point 802) along the presentation of the waveform (col. 16, line 60 – col. 17, line 6); identifying a position of the waveform based on the positions of the one or more interface elements [e.g. selection point 802 (col. 16, line 60 – col. 17, line 6; col. 17, lines 9-16; fig. 8A-8C)], the portion of the waveform corresponding with a segment of the audio data (col. 16, line 60 – col. 17, line 6; fig. 8B); and generating a second media item (col. 17, lines 9-16) that comprises the first media item and the segment of the audio data that corresponds with the portion of the waveform (col. 16, line 60 – col. 17, line 6; col. 17, lines 9-16; fig. 8C). It is an object of Lieb’s invention to provide a method of sharing media over a communication network. It is an object of Raghunath’s invention to provide a method of users communicating media with each other. It is an object of Barrus’ invention to provide a method of creating, modifying, and deleting media objects. Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to modify the teachings of Lieb and Raghunath by including a waveform, as taught by Barrus, for the purpose of enhancing a user’s experience in a telecommunications network. Consider claim 16, as applied in claim 15; Lieb discloses the contextual condition includes location data that identifies a location of the client device (col. 34, lines 9-17). Consider claim 19, as applied in claim 15; Lieb discloses generating the media object that comprises the audio data at the client device (col. 49, lines 56-64; col. 51, lines 41-52); allocating the media object to the media repository (col. 49, lines 56-64); assigning an identifier to the audio file (col. 49, line 64 – col. 50, line 4); and selecting the audio file from the media repository (col. 49, line 56 – col. 50, line 1) based on the contextual condition (col. 34, lines 9-17). Consider claim 20, as applied in claim 15; Lieb discloses receiving an identification of a portion of the audio data of the media object (col. 50, lines 1-4); and generating the second media item based on the portion of the audio data and the first media item [e.g. a reference (col. 49, line 56 – col. 50, line 4)]. Conclusion Accordingly, THIS ACTION IS MADE FINAL. See MPEP § 706.07(a). Applicant is reminded of the extension of time policy as set forth in 37 CFR 1.136(a). A shortened statutory period for reply to this final action is set to expire THREE MONTHS from the mailing date of this action. In the event a first reply is filed within TWO MONTHS of the mailing date of this final action and the advisory action is not mailed until after the end of the THREE-MONTH shortened statutory period, then the shortened statutory period will expire on the date the advisory action is mailed, and any extension fee pursuant to 37 CFR 1.136(a) will be calculated from the mailing date of the advisory action. In no event, however, will the statutory period for reply expire later than SIX MONTHS from the date of this final action. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the Examiner should be directed to Joel Ajayi whose telephone number is (571) 270-1091. The Examiner can normally be reached on Monday-Thursday from 7:30am to 5:00pm and Friday 7:30am to 4:00 pm. If attempts to reach the Examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the Examiner’s supervisor, Matthew Anderson can be reached on (571) 272-4177. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is (571) 273-8300. Information regarding the status of an application may be obtained from the Patent Application Information Retrieval (PAIR) system. Status information for published applications may be obtained from either Private PAIR or Public PAIR. Status information for unpublished applications is available through Private PAIR only. For more information about the PAIR system, see http://pair-direct.uspto.gov. Should you have questions on access to the Private PAIR system, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free) or 703-305-3028. Any inquiry of a general nature or relating to the status of this application or proceeding should be directed to the receptionist/customer service whose telephone number is (571) 272-2600. /JOEL AJAYI/ Primary Examiner, Art Unit 2646
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Jul 12, 2021
Application Filed
Sep 25, 2023
Non-Final Rejection — §103
Nov 08, 2023
Response Filed
Nov 13, 2023
Final Rejection — §103
Jan 11, 2024
Request for Continued Examination
Jan 17, 2024
Response after Non-Final Action
Jan 26, 2024
Non-Final Rejection — §103
May 01, 2024
Response Filed
May 19, 2024
Final Rejection — §103
Jul 22, 2024
Request for Continued Examination
Jul 26, 2024
Response after Non-Final Action
Jul 31, 2024
Non-Final Rejection — §103
Oct 03, 2024
Response Filed
Oct 11, 2024
Final Rejection — §103
Dec 17, 2024
Response after Non-Final Action
Feb 17, 2025
Request for Continued Examination
May 05, 2025
Response after Non-Final Action
May 18, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §103
Aug 04, 2025
Response Filed
Aug 09, 2025
Final Rejection — §103
Aug 25, 2025
Applicant Interview (Telephonic)
Aug 26, 2025
Examiner Interview Summary
Oct 06, 2025
Request for Continued Examination
Oct 10, 2025
Response after Non-Final Action
Oct 19, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §103
Nov 26, 2025
Response Filed
Dec 09, 2025
Final Rejection — §103 (current)

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