Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 17/426,470

MULTIUSER COMMUNICATION METHOD AND DEVICE IN DISTRIBUTED WIRELESS LAN

Non-Final OA §103
Filed
Jul 28, 2021
Examiner
NGUYEN, THE HY
Art Unit
2478
Tech Center
2400 — Computer Networks
Assignee
Korea National University Of Transportation Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation
OA Round
7 (Non-Final)
74%
Grant Probability
Favorable
7-8
OA Rounds
2y 10m
To Grant
99%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 74% — above average
74%
Career Allow Rate
230 granted / 312 resolved
+15.7% vs TC avg
Strong +33% interview lift
Without
With
+33.2%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 10m
Avg Prosecution
33 currently pending
Career history
345
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
2.1%
-37.9% vs TC avg
§103
54.2%
+14.2% vs TC avg
§102
18.7%
-21.3% vs TC avg
§112
13.4%
-26.6% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 312 resolved cases

Office Action

§103
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Response to Arguments Applicant’s arguments filed 01/12/2026 have been considered and are persuasive. Therefore, the finality of that action is withdrawn. However, upon further consideration, a new ground(s) of rejection is made. Therefore, the Examiner provides a new Non-Final rejection based on Luo et al. (US 2018/0146469 A1) in view of Hyun et al. (KR 2017/0030758 A). Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claim(s) 21, 23, 28, 30, 42, and 44-45 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Luo et al. (US 2018/0146469 A1) in view of Hyun et al. (KR 2017/0030758 A). Regarding claim 21, Luo discloses An operation method of a first communication node in a wireless local area network (LAN) communication system, the operation method comprising: transmitting a frame after successfully performing a channel access procedure ([0004]: AP transmits data when the channel contention succeeds. [0014]: a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) includes RTS. Fig. 10, [0120]: AP sends RTS); transmitting a trigger frame to one or more second communication nodes after the transmission of the frame(Fig. 10, [0120]-[0123]: after the AP transmits the RTS, the AP transmits trigger frame (1-3) including UL scheduling information for UL MU during a TXOP); in response to the trigger frame, receiving data frames from at least one second communication node among the one or more second communication nodes (Fig. 10: AP receives UL MU 1-3 from STAs 1-3); wherein the trigger frame includes one or more identifiers indicating the one or more second communication nodes (Fig. 10: trigger frame (1-3) includes identifiers indicating the STAs 1-3); and wherein the first communication node transmits the trigger frame (Fig. 10: AP transmits trigger frame (1-3)), the trigger frame being operative to cause third communication node(s), whose identifiers are not included in the trigger frame and which receive the trigger frame, to set a network allocation vector (NAV) ([0120]: 802.11ax PPDU, such as an RTS, causes stations to set a current NAV value. [0063], [0068], [0072], [0097]-[0098]: after receiving a 11ax PPDU, determine whether the receiver address of the PPDU is not the address of the node itself and update the current NAV value. Based on the cited paragraphs and in view of Fig. 10 and [0123], trigger frame (1-3) causes STA 4 to set its NAV within a TXOP corresponding to a NAV set by the RTS of the AP), Luo does not disclose, but Hyun discloses the trigger frame including configuration information of a data transmission period (Fig. 18, pg. 48 paragraphs 12-13 and 15-17: STAs1-4 are scheduled to transmit UL MU transmissions during L-SIG UL Tx duration indicated in the trigger frame); and in response to the trigger frame, [the first communication node is] receiving data frames from at least one second communication node among the one or more second communication nodes at different times during the data transmission period (Fig. 18, pg. 48 paragraphs 15-17: after the AP transmits a trigger frame, the AP receives UL MU transmissions from a plurality of STAs at different time resources during an L-SIG UL Tx duration), and [cause third communication node(s)] to set a NAV only for a duration of the data transmission period established by the trigger frame (pg. 45 paragraph 15: another STA receives a NAV value which prohibits the another STA from accessing the medium for a period during which the medium is scheduled to be used by an authorized STA to transmit a frame. Fig. 18, pg. 48 paragraphs 12-13 and 15-17: STAs1-4 are scheduled to transmit UL MU transmissions during L-SIG UL Tx duration indicated in the trigger frame. The L-SIG UL Tx duration is within a TXOP); and wherein the data transmission period is shorter in time than the TXOP (Fig. 18: L-SIG UL Tx duration is shorter in time than the TXOP). Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to (1) program the AP, as taught by Luo, to transmit a trigger frame indicating L-SIG UL Tx duration for scheduling UL MU transmission to STAs, as taught by Hyun, and (2) program the STAs 1-3, as taught by Luo, to transmit UL MU transmissions at different time resources during an L-SIG UL Tx indicated in the trigger frame, as taught by Hyun, and (3) program STA 4, as taught by Luo, to set a NAV for a period during which the medium is scheduled to be used by authorized STAs to transmit UL MU transmissions, i.e., L-SIG UL Tx duration indicated in the trigger frame, as taught by Hyun. Doing so provides an UL MU transmission protection mechanism (Hyun: pg. 45 paragraph 15 and pg. 48 paragraphs 13 and 17). Regarding claim 28, Luo discloses An operation method of a first communication node in a wireless local area network (LAN) communication system, the operation method comprising: transmitting a frame after successfully performing a channel access procedure ([0004]: AP transmits data when the channel contention succeeds. [0014]: a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) includes RTS. Fig. 10, [0120]: AP sends RTS); transmitting a trigger frame to one or more second communication nodes after the transmission of the frame, (Fig. 10, [0120]-[0123]: after the AP transmits the RTS, the AP transmits trigger frame (1-3) including UL scheduling information for UL MU during a TXOP); wherein the trigger frame includes one or more identifiers indicating the one or more second communication nodes (Fig. 10: the trigger frame (1-3) includes identifiers indicating the STAs 1-3); and wherein at least one second communication node among the one or more second communication nodes transmits data frames to one or more third communication nodes other than the first communication node at different times during the data transmission period (This limitations recites an action performed by a second communication node different than the claimed first communication node that the method is directed to. According to MPEP 2111.04 I., "wherein" clauses may raise a question as to the limiting effect of claim language. Claim scope is not limited by claim language that does not limit a claim to a particular structure. As applied to claim 28, the wherein clause recited above does not affect the structural configuration or functionality of the claimed first communication node because the limitation of the wherein clause recites functionality performed by a second communication node and is not an action that the claimed first communication node performs. The operations performed by the claimed first communication node do not rely on the existence of the performance by a second communication node. Thus, the limitation of the wherein clause is not given patentable weight in determining whether the claim is rejectable in view of prior art); and wherein the first communication node transmits the trigger frame (Fig. 10: AP transmits trigger frame (1-3)), the trigger frame being operative to cause third communication node(s), whose identifiers are not included in the trigger frame and which receive the trigger frame, to set a network allocation vector (NAV) ([0120]: 802.11ax PPDU, such as an RTS, causes stations to set a current NAV value. [0063], [0068], [0072], [0097]-[0098]: after receiving a 11ax PPDU, determine whether the receiver address of the PPDU is not the address of the node itself and update the current NAV value. Based on the cited paragraphs and in view of Fig. 10 and [0123], trigger frame (1-3) causes STA 4 to set its NAV within a TXOP corresponding to a NAV set by the RTS of the AP), Luo does not disclose, but Hyun discloses the trigger frame including configuration information of a data transmission period (Fig. 18, pg. 48 paragraphs 12-13 and 15-17: STAs1-4 are scheduled to transmit UL MU transmissions during L-SIG UL Tx duration indicated in the trigger frame); and [cause third communication node(s)] to set a NAV only for a duration of the data transmission period established by the trigger frame (pg. 45 paragraph 15: another STA receives a NAV value which prohibits the another STA from accessing the medium for a period during which the medium is scheduled to be used by an authorized STA to transmit a frame. Fig. 18, pg. 48 paragraphs 12-13 and 15-17: STAs1-4 are scheduled to transmit UL MU transmissions during L-SIG UL Tx duration indicated in the trigger frame. The L-SIG UL Tx duration is within a TXOP); and wherein the data transmission period is shorter in time than the TXOP (Fig. 18: L-SIG UL Tx duration is shorter in time than the TXOP). Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to (1) program the AP, as taught by Luo, to transmit a trigger frame indicating L-SIG UL Tx duration for scheduling UL MU transmission to STAs, as taught by Hyun, and (2) program the STAs 1-3, as taught by Luo, to transmit UL MU transmissions at different time resources during an L-SIG UL Tx indicated in the trigger frame, as taught by Hyun, and (3) program STA 4, as taught by Luo, to set a NAV for a period during which the medium is scheduled to be used by authorized STAs to transmit UL MU transmissions, i.e., L-SIG UL Tx duration indicated in the trigger frame, as taught by Hyun. Doing so provides an UL MU transmission protection mechanism (Hyun: pg. 45 paragraph 15 and pg. 48 paragraphs 13 and 17). Regarding claim(s) 23 and 30, Luo in view of Hyun discloses all features of claim(s) 21 and 28 as outlined above. Luo does not disclose, but Cariou discloses wherein a time resource for transmitting acknowledgement/negative acknowledgement (ACK/NACK) information for the data frame(s) is included within the data transmission period (Fig. 18, pg. 49 paragraph 1: AP transmits a BA frame for the reception of UL MU transmissions within the L-SIG UL Tx duration. Note that Fig. 18 and pg. 48 paragraphs 16-17 disclose the UL MU transmissions are transmitted over different time resources in the L-SIG UL Tx duration. Therefore, the M-STA BA frame is also transmitted on a time resource). Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to modify the AP, as taught by Luo, to transmit a M-STA BA frame for receiving UL MU transmissions on a time resource within the L-SIG UL Tx duration, as taught by Hyun. Doing so allows the AP to provide positive or negative acknowledgement in response to receiving the UL MU transmissions (Hyun: Fig. 1, pg. 49 paragraph 1). Regarding claim(s) 42 and 44, Luo in view of Hyun discloses all features of claim(s) 21 and 28 as outlined above. Luo does not disclose, but Zhou discloses wherein the trigger frame further includes at least one of a number of time slots allocated to the one or more second communication nodes, a time slot allocated to each of the one or more second communication nodes, or an interval between the time slots (pg. 48 paragraph 16: the trigger frame includes time domain resource allocation information for each of the plurality of STAs, i.e., slot section length and slot number, etc.). Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to modify the trigger frame, as taught by Luo, to include time domain resource allocation information for each of the plurality of STAs, i.e., slot section length and slot number, etc., as taught by Hyun. Doing so allows the plurality of STAs to transmit their respective UL PPDUs on a same frequency resource using the allocated time domain resources (Hyun: pg. 48 paragraph 16). Regarding claim 45, Luo discloses An operation method of a third communication node in a wireless local area network (LAN) communication system, the operation method comprising: receiving a frame from a first communication node ([0004]: AP transmits data when the channel contention succeeds. [0014]: a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) includes RTS. Fig. 10, [0120]: STA 4 receives, from the AP, RTS); receiving a trigger frame from the first communication node, the trigger frame including one or more identifiers indicating the one or more second communication nodes excluding an identifier of the third communication node (Fig. 10, [0120]-[0123]: STA 4 receives, from the AP, trigger frame (1-3) including UL scheduling information for UL MU between STAs 1-3 and AP during a TXOP. The trigger frame (1-3) includes identifiers indicating the STAs 1-3 and not STA 4); and setting a network allocation vector (NAV) ([0120]: 802.11ax PPDU, such as an RTS, causes stations to set a current NAV value. [0063], [0068], [0072], [0097]-[0098]: after receiving a 11ax PPDU, determine whether the receiver address of the PPDU is not the address of the node itself and update the current NAV value. Based on the cited paragraphs and in view of Fig. 10 and [0123], trigger frame (1-3) causes STA 4 to set its NAV within a TXOP corresponding to a NAV set by the RTS of the AP), Luo does not disclose, but Hyun discloses the trigger frame including … information on a data transmission period for communication at different times between the first communication node and the one or more second communication nodes (Fig. 18, pg. 48 paragraphs 12-13 and 15-17: STAs1-4 are scheduled to transmit UL MU transmissions at different time resources during an L-SIG UL Tx duration indicated in the trigger frame); and [third communication node is] setting a NAV only for a duration of the data transmission period established by the trigger frame (pg. 45 paragraph 15: another STA receives a NAV value which prohibits the another STA from accessing the medium for a period during which the medium is scheduled to be used by an authorized STA to transmit a frame. Fig. 18, pg. 48 paragraphs 12-13 and 15-17: STAs1-4 are scheduled to transmit UL MU transmissions during L-SIG UL Tx duration indicated in the trigger frame. The L-SIG UL Tx duration is within a TXOP); and wherein the data transmission period is shorter in time than the TXOP (Fig. 18: L-SIG UL Tx duration is shorter in time than the TXOP). Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to (1) program the AP, as taught by Luo, to transmit a trigger frame indicating L-SIG UL Tx duration for scheduling UL MU transmission to STAs, as taught by Hyun, and (2) program the STAs 1-3, as taught by Luo, to transmit UL MU transmissions at different time resources during an L-SIG UL Tx indicated in the trigger frame, as taught by Hyun, and (3) program STA 4, as taught by Luo, to set a NAV for a period during which the medium is scheduled to be used by authorized STAs to transmit UL MU transmissions, i.e., L-SIG UL Tx duration indicated in the trigger frame, as taught by Hyun. Doing so provides an UL MU transmission protection mechanism (Hyun: pg. 45 paragraph 15 and pg. 48 paragraphs 13 and 17). Claim(s) 22, 29, 41, 43, 46, and 47 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Luo et al. (US 2018/0146469 A1) in view of Hyun et al. (KR 2017/0030758 A) and Son et al. (US 2019/0306920 A1). Regarding claim(s) 22, 29, and 46, Luo in view of Hyun discloses all features of claim(s) 21, 28, and 45 as outlined above. Luo does not disclose, but Son discloses wherein an interval between the frame and the trigger frame is a predetermined interval (Fig. 20: the interval between the MU-RTS and the trigger frame is a predetermined interval). Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to modify the RTS and the trigger frame, as taught by Luo, to be separated by a predetermined interval, as taught by Son. Doing so allows the AP to transmit the trigger frame to an outdoor STA that is located far away from the AP and located in the open space where the change of channel delay time is significant (Son: [0195]). Regarding claim(s) 41, 43, and 47, Luo in view of Hyun and Son discloses all features of claim(s) 22, 29, and 46 as outlined above. Luo does not disclose, but Son discloses wherein the predetermined interval is a short inter-frame space (SIFS) or a reduced inter-frame space (RIFS) (Fig. 20: the predetermined interval includes SIFS). Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to modify the RTS and the trigger frame, as taught by Luo, to be separated by a predetermined interval including an SIFS, as taught by Son. Doing so allows the AP to transmit the trigger frame to an outdoor STA that is located far away from the AP and located in the open space where the change of channel delay time is significant (Son: [0195]). Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to THE HY NGUYEN whose telephone number is (571)270-3813. The examiner can normally be reached on Mo-Fr: 8am-4pm. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Joseph Avellino, can be reached on (571) 272-3905. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of an application may be obtained from the Patent Application Information Retrieval (PAIR) system. Status information for published applications may be obtained from either Private PAIR or Public PAIR. Status information for unpublished applications is available through Private PAIR only. For more information about the PAIR system, see http://pair-direct.uspto.gov. Should you have questions on access to the Private PAIR system, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative or access to the automated information system, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /THE HY NGUYEN/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 2478 TheHy.Nguyen@USPTO.gov
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Jul 28, 2021
Application Filed
Oct 03, 2023
Non-Final Rejection — §103
Jan 08, 2024
Response Filed
Jan 29, 2024
Final Rejection — §103
May 01, 2024
Response after Non-Final Action
Jul 01, 2024
Request for Continued Examination
Jul 05, 2024
Response after Non-Final Action
Sep 23, 2024
Non-Final Rejection — §103
Dec 24, 2024
Response Filed
Jan 13, 2025
Final Rejection — §103
Mar 28, 2025
Request for Continued Examination
Apr 01, 2025
Response after Non-Final Action
Apr 21, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §103
Jul 24, 2025
Response Filed
Aug 08, 2025
Final Rejection — §103
Nov 11, 2025
Notice of Allowance
Jan 12, 2026
Response after Non-Final Action
Jan 24, 2026
Response after Non-Final Action
Jan 28, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §103 (current)

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Prosecution Projections

7-8
Expected OA Rounds
74%
Grant Probability
99%
With Interview (+33.2%)
2y 10m
Median Time to Grant
High
PTA Risk
Based on 312 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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