DETAILED ACTION
The present application and its arguments have been reviewed and currently claims 1-5, 7-10, and 21-22 are rejected, claims 6, 12-20, and 23 are withdrawn, and claim 11 is cancelled.
Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status
The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA .
Continued Examination Under 37 CFR 1.114
A request for continued examination under 37 CFR 1.114, including the fee set forth in 37 CFR 1.17(e), was filed in this application after final rejection. Since this application is eligible for continued examination under 37 CFR 1.114, and the fee set forth in 37 CFR 1.17(e) has been timely paid, the finality of the previous Office action has been withdrawn pursuant to 37 CFR 1.114. Applicant's submission filed on 7/25/2025 has been entered.
Response to Arguments
Applicant’s arguments with respect to claim(s) 1-5, 7-10, and 21-22 have been considered but are moot because the new ground of rejection does not rely on any reference applied in the prior rejection of record for any teaching or matter specifically challenged in the argument.
Claim Objections
Claim 5 is objected to because of the following informalities:
In regards to claim 5, line 7, “and are” should be “are”.
Appropriate correction is required.
Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103
The factual inquiries for establishing a background for determining obviousness under 35 U.S.C. 103 are summarized as follows:
1. Determining the scope and contents of the prior art.
2. Ascertaining the differences between the prior art and the claims at issue.
3. Resolving the level of ordinary skill in the pertinent art.
4. Considering objective evidence present in the application indicating obviousness or nonobviousness.
Claim(s) 1-4, 9-10, and 21 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Fujiwara (JP-H04316799) in view of Dill et al. (U.S. Patent No. 10,393,302).
In regards to claim 1, Fujiwara discloses:
A dual-walled fluid transportation system (see annotated figure 3 below hereinafter), the system comprising:
at least one dual-walled fluid conduit (11 and 10),
the at least one dual-walled fluid conduit comprising:
an outer duct (11) comprising an outer duct flared end region (see annotated figure 3) and an outer duct central region (see annotated figure 3),
wherein the outer duct central region and the outer duct flared end region define an outer duct internal surface (see annotated figure 3) that surrounds an outer duct internal volume (ex., volume between both inner and outer pipe as shown in annotated fig. 3); and
an inner duct (10) defining a central conduit (see near 10) and extending within the outer duct internal volume (see annotated fig. 3),
wherein the inner duct comprises an inner duct flared end region (see annotated fig. 3) and an inner duct central region (see annotated fig. 3), and
wherein the inner duct central region and the inner duct pair of flared end region define an inner duct external surface (see annotated fig. 3);
wherein the inner duct and the outer duct define interlocking geometries (see annotated fig. 3), and
wherein the inner duct and the outer duct are dimensioned and shaped to be supported such that an inter duct channel (see annotated fig. 3) forms a complete and uninterrupted circumference around the inner duct external surface (see annotated fig. 3) and completely separates the inner duct external surface from the outer duct internal surface (see annotated fig. 3, where the inner duct channel is not interrupted); and
wherein the inner duct comprises a plurality of inner duct fastener bores (see near 20, where there are multiple bolts going through each flange) extending from the inter duct channel through the inner duct, and
wherein the inner duct fastener bores are arranged interior to the inter duct channel (see annotated fig. 3, where the channel is above the flange),
wherein the plurality of inner duct fastener bores are configured to cooperate with a plurality of inner duct fasteners (ex., 20) to operatively couple the inner duct to an adjacent structure (ex., the adjacent double pipe),
but does not disclose:
an pair of outer duct and inner duct flared end regions such that the central region is between the outer duct pair of flared end regions (see annotated figure 3).
In regards to duplicating the ends, Dill discloses a similar device, wherein each end comprises the same flanged end region (ex., see 108a and 108b).
It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filling date to modify the outer duct and the inner duct of Fujiwara to comprise pair of flared end regions to meet the limitation of claim 1 because Dill discloses a similar device wherein it is known for double pipes (ex., concentric pipes) to comprise the same connection end on each side (ex., see fig. 1) and it has been held that a mere duplication of parts has no patentable significance unless a new and unexpected result is produced (see In re Harza, 274 F.2d 669, 124 USPQ 378 (CCPA 1960) in MPEP2144.04(VI)(B)). In this case, duplicating the one end of Fujiwara on the opposite end would not produce a new and unexpected result as Dill explicitly shows that it is known for concentric pipes comprising flanged ends to comprise duplicate ends.
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In regards to claim 2, Fujiwara further discloses:
The system of claim 1, wherein the outer duct is a monolithic body, and
wherein the inner duct is a separate monolithic body (see annotated figure 3 above hereinafter).
In regards to claim 3, Fujiwara in view of Dill further discloses:
The system of claim 1, wherein each inner duct flared end region of the inner duct pair of flared end regions defines an inner duct outer-most lateral dimension (ex., the top of the inner flange),
wherein, along the outer duct central region, the outer duct internal surface defines an outer duct channel outer-most lateral dimension (ex., see near internal surface of annotated figure 3, where the inner flanged region is greater than the outer central region), and
wherein the inner duct outer-most lateral dimension is greater than the outer duct channel outer-most lateral dimension (ex., the inner flanged region is greater than the outer central region).
In regards to claim 4, Fujiwara further discloses:
The system (10) of claim 1, wherein the inner duct fastener bores are disposed around at least one of a dual-walled first flared end region and a dual-walled second flared end region (it is inherent that duplicating both ends of an end that comprises bores would meet the limitation of the claim).
In regards to claim 9, Fujiwara discloses:
The system (10) of claim 1, wherein the inter duct channel is configured to isolate mechanical failures from propagating between the inner duct and the outer duct (structurally, it appears there is nothing preventing the inner duct channel from this functional limitation).
In regards to claim 10, Fujiwara discloses:
A dual-walled fluid transportation system (see annotated figure 3 above hereinafter), the system comprising:
at least one dual-walled fluid conduit (11 and 10),
the at least one dual-walled fluid conduit comprising:
an outer duct (11) comprising an outer duct flared end region (see annotated figure 3) and an outer duct central region (see annotated figure 3),
wherein the outer duct central region and the outer duct flared end region define an outer duct internal surface (see annotated figure 3) that surrounds an outer duct internal volume (ex., volume between both inner and outer pipe as shown in annotated fig. 3); and
an inner duct (10) defining a central conduit (see near 10) and extending within the outer duct internal volume (see annotated fig. 3),
wherein the inner duct comprises an inner duct flared end region (see annotated fig. 3) and an inner duct central region (see annotated fig. 3), and
wherein the inner duct central region and the inner duct pair of flared end region define an inner duct external surface (see annotated fig. 3);
wherein the inner duct and the outer duct define interlocking geometries (see annotated fig. 3), and
wherein the inner duct and the outer duct are dimensioned and shaped to be supported such that an inter duct channel (see annotated fig. 3) forms a complete and uninterrupted circumference around the inner duct external surface (see annotated fig. 3) and completely separates the inner duct external surface from the outer duct internal surface (see annotated fig. 3, where the inner duct channel is not interrupted); and
wherein the inner duct comprises a plurality of inner duct fastener bores (see near 20, where there are multiple bolts going through each flange) extending from the inter duct channel through the inner duct, and
wherein the inner duct fastener bores are arranged interior to the inter duct channel (see annotated fig. 3, where the channel is above the flange),
wherein the plurality of inner duct fastener bores are configured to cooperate with a plurality of inner duct fasteners (ex., 20) to operatively couple the inner duct to an adjacent structure (ex., the adjacent double pipe),
but does not disclose:
an pair of outer duct and inner duct flared end regions such that the central region is between the outer duct pair of flared end regions (see annotated figure 3),
an aircraft comprising the dual-walled fluid transportation system above.
In regards to duplicating the ends, Dill discloses a similar device, wherein each end comprises the same flanged end region (ex., see 108a and 108b).
It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filling date to modify the outer duct and the inner duct of Fujiwara to comprise pair of flared end regions to meet the limitation of claim 1 because Dill discloses a similar device wherein it is known for double pipes (ex., concentric pipes) to comprise the same connection end on each side (ex., see fig. 1) and it has been held that a mere duplication of parts has no patentable significance unless a new and unexpected result is produced (see In re Harza, 274 F.2d 669, 124 USPQ 378 (CCPA 1960) in MPEP2144.04(VI)(B)). In this case, duplicating the one end of Fujiwara on the opposite end would not produce a new and unexpected result as Dill explicitly shows that it is known for concentric pipes comprising flanged ends to comprise duplicate ends.
In regards to the aircraft, Dill discloses in aerospace applications where engine fluids such as fuel and oil are conveyed through tubing it is desirable to have redundancies in case of leakage from the tubing such a redundancy is to use double walled tubing, wherein an outer passage is formed between an inner tube and an outer tube (1:18-22)
It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filling date to use the double walled tubing of Fujiwara in view of Dill in an aircraft to prevent solidification of oil in an aircraft because Fujiwara discloses that it is known that oil can solidify (lines 9-11 of the translated document provided herein) and using double wall of Fujiwara in view of Dill tubing prevents this (see lines 15-16) and Dill discloses that it is known and desirable to use double walled tubing in aerospace applications especially with the transport of oil (1:18-22).
In regards to claim 21, Fujiwara discloses:
A dual-walled fluid transportation system (see annotated figure 3 above hereinafter), the system comprising:
at least one dual-walled fluid conduit (11 and 10),
the at least one dual-walled fluid conduit comprising:
an outer duct (11) comprising an outer duct flared end region (see annotated figure 3) and an outer duct central region (see annotated figure 3),
wherein the outer duct central region and the outer duct flared end region define an outer duct internal surface (see annotated figure 3) that surrounds an outer duct internal volume (ex., volume between both inner and outer pipe as shown in annotated fig. 3); and
an inner duct (10) defining a central conduit (see near 10) and extending within the outer duct internal volume (see annotated fig. 3),
wherein the inner duct comprises an inner duct flared end region (see annotated fig. 3) and an inner duct central region (see annotated fig. 3), and
wherein the inner duct central region and the inner duct pair of flared end region define an inner duct external surface (see annotated fig. 3);
wherein the inner duct and the outer duct define interlocking geometries (see annotated fig. 3), and
wherein the inner duct and the outer duct are dimensioned and shaped to be supported such that no structure or element of the inner duct and the outer duct extends between inner duct external surface and outer duct internal surface;
wherein an inter duct channel (see annotated fig. 3) forms a circumference around the inner duct external surface (see annotated fig. 3) and separates the inner duct external surface from the outer duct internal surface (see annotated fig. 3, where the inner duct channel is not interrupted); and
wherein the inner duct comprises a plurality of inner duct fastener bores (see near 20, where there are multiple bolts going through each flange) extending from the inter duct channel through the inner duct, and
wherein the inner duct fastener bores are arranged interior to the inter duct channel (see annotated fig. 3, where the channel is above the flange),
wherein the plurality of inner duct fastener bores are configured to cooperate with a plurality of inner duct fasteners (ex., 20) to operatively couple the inner duct to an adjacent structure (ex., the adjacent double pipe),
but does not disclose:
an pair of outer duct and inner duct flared end regions such that the central region is between the outer duct pair of flared end regions (see annotated figure 3),
an aircraft comprising the dual-walled fluid transportation system above.
In regards to duplicating the ends, Dill discloses a similar device, wherein each end comprises the same flanged end region (ex., see 108a and 108b).
It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filling date to modify the outer duct and the inner duct of Fujiwara to comprise pair of flared end regions to meet the limitation of claim 1 because Dill discloses a similar device wherein it is known for double pipes (ex., concentric pipes) to comprise the same connection end on each side (ex., see fig. 1) and it has been held that a mere duplication of parts has no patentable significance unless a new and unexpected result is produced (see In re Harza, 274 F.2d 669, 124 USPQ 378 (CCPA 1960) in MPEP2144.04(VI)(B)). In this case, duplicating the one end of Fujiwara on the opposite end would not produce a new and unexpected result as Dill explicitly shows that it is known for concentric pipes comprising flanged ends to comprise duplicate ends.
Claim(s) 5, 7-8, and 22 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Fujiwara in view of Dill et al. as applied to claim(s) 1 and 21 above and in further view of Queau et al. (U.S. Patent No. 8,074,687).
In regards to claim 5, Fujiwara in view of Dill discloses:
The system (10) of claim 1,
but does not disclose:
outer duct comprises a plurality of outer duct fastener bores extending through the outer duct.
In regards to using the same connection for the outer piping, Queau discloses a similar concentric pipe comprising:
an outer duct (25) comprises a plurality of outer duct fastener bores (see near 26) extending through the outer duct,
wherein the outer duct fastener bores are arranged exterior relative to the inter duct channel (see fig. 2a),
wherein the outer duct fastener bores are positioned along a dual-walled flared end region of the dual-walled fluid conduit (see fig. 2a), and
wherein the outer duct fastener bores are configured to cooperate with a plurality of outer duct fasteners (26) to operatively couple the outer duct to an adjacent structure (see fig. 2a, where both structures are identical),
wherein an inner duct comprising the same flared end region as the outer duct (see fig. 2a).
It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filling date to simply substitute the outer connection of the outer pipe of Fujiwara in view of Dill with the inner flange connection of the inner pipe of Fujiwara in view of Dill such that the flared end regions of the inner and outer pipe are identical (ex., both comprise a flanged connection) because Fujiwara in view of Dill discloses a device which differs from the claim device by a simple substitution of the outer connection of the outer pipe with the flanged connection of the inner pipe of Fujiwara in view of Dill, Queau discloses that it is a known configuration for concentric pipes to comprise the same flanged connection for both the inner and outer pipes (see fig. 2a), and one of ordinary skill could have substituted the outer connection of Fujiwara in view of Dill with the flanged connection of Fujiwara in view of Dill because using the known flanged connection of Fujiwara in view of Dill for both the outer pipe and the inner pipe would have not produced any new or unexpected results.
In regards to claim 7, Fujiwara in view of Dill discloses:
The system of claim 1,
but does not disclose:
a connection ring between the inner and outer duct.
In regards to the connection ring, Queau discloses
a dual-walled fluid transportation system (see fig. 3 hereinafter) comprising a connecting ring (30a and 30b) that is configured to be positioned between an inner duct base (ex., the faces between 17 and 16) of an inner duct (17) and an outer duct base (ex., faces between 25 and 24) of an outer duct (25) and supports the inner duct and the outer duct such that the inter duct channel completely separates an inner duct external surface (ex., outer surface of inner flange) from an outer duct internal surface (ex., near 66) at least proximate the connecting ring (see fig. 3) to provide the benefit of keeping the inner and outer pipes more coaxial (6:57-58) or axially fixed (6:7-13).
It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filling date to modify the inner and outer flared end of Fujiwara in view of Dill with the provision of the connection rings of Queau on each flared end region to provide the benefit of keeping the inner and outer pipes more coaxial and/or axially fixed, as taught by Queau (6:57-58; 6:7-13).
In regards to claim 8, Fujiwara in view of Dill and Queau further discloses:
The system of claim 7, wherein the dual-walled fluid transportation system comprises a plurality of dual-walled fluid conduits (ex., the connection to the right as shown in annotated fig. 3),
wherein the connecting ring is configured to be positioned within end regions of the inter duct channels (ex., see fig. 3 of Queau, where the connection ring is between both end regions) of adjacent dual-walled fluid conduits (ex., see annotated fig. 3 of Fujiwara and fig. 3 of Queau where it is inherent that the spacers would be between both end regions) of the plurality of dual-walled fluid conduits and support the outer duct and the inner duct of each dual-walled fluid conduit (it is inherent that the spacers would provide support to the end regions) of the adjacent dual-walled fluid conduits spaced apart with the inter duct channel extending therebetween (ex., see fig. 3 of Queau), and
wherein the connecting ring is configured to provide fluid communication between the inter duct channels of the adjacent dual-walled fluid conduits (ex., see 31 in fig. 2b of Queau).
In regards to claim 22, Fujiwara in view of Dill discloses:
The system of claim 21, wherein the inter duct channel completely separates the inner duct external surface from the outer duct internal surface of a respective dual-walled fluid conduit (see annotated fig. 3),
wherein the dual-walled fluid transportation system comprises a plurality of dual-walled fluid conduits,
but does not disclose:
wherein the dual-walled fluid transportation system comprises a connecting ring body.
In regards to the connection ring, Queau discloses a dual-walled fluid transportation system (see annotated fig. 3 below hereinafter) comprising a connecting ring (30a and 30b; ex., the ring has a split 67 in the center and the two rings are being considered as a single ring; ex., see 7:10-11) that is configured to be positioned between an inner duct base (ex., the faces between 17 and 16) of an inner duct (17) and an outer duct base (ex., faces between 25 and 24) of an outer duct (25) and supports the inner duct and the outer duct such that the inter duct channel completely separates an inner duct external surface (ex., outer surface of inner flange) from an outer duct internal surface (ex., near 66) at least proximate the connecting ring (see fig. 3) to provide the benefit of keeping the inner and outer pipes more coaxial (6:57-58) or axially fixed (6:7-13),
wherein the connecting ring body defines an outer radial surface (see annotated fig. 3) and an inner radial surface (see annotated fig. 3),
wherein the connecting ring body comprises a plurality of inside indentations (see annotated fig. 3) disposed around the inner radial surface and a plurality of outside indentations (see annotated fig. 3) disposed around the outer radial surface (see annotated fig. 3),
wherein the plurality of inside indentations are offset from the plurality of outside indentations (see annotated fig. 3); and
wherein the connecting ring is configured to be positioned within the flared end regions of inter duct channels of two adjacent dual-walled fluid conduits (see annotated fig. 3).
It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filling date to modify the inner and outer flared end of Fujiwara in view of Dill with the provision of the connection rings of Queau on each flared end region to provide the benefit of keeping the inner and outer pipes more coaxial and/or axially fixed, as taught by Queau (6:57-58; 6:7-13).
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Conclusion
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/A.T.R./Examiner, Art Unit 3679
/ZACHARY T DRAGICEVICH/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 3679
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