Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 17/511,642

Radioactive Phospholipid Metal Chelates for Cancer Imaging and Therapy

Non-Final OA §103§DP
Filed
Oct 27, 2021
Examiner
PERREIRA, MELISSA JEAN
Art Unit
1618
Tech Center
1600 — Biotechnology & Organic Chemistry
Assignee
Wisconsin Alumni Research Foudation
OA Round
2 (Non-Final)
52%
Grant Probability
Moderate
2-3
OA Rounds
3y 7m
To Grant
78%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 52% of resolved cases
52%
Career Allow Rate
428 granted / 824 resolved
-8.1% vs TC avg
Strong +26% interview lift
Without
With
+25.7%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 7m
Avg Prosecution
41 currently pending
Career history
865
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
1.0%
-39.0% vs TC avg
§103
53.8%
+13.8% vs TC avg
§102
14.9%
-25.1% vs TC avg
§112
16.6%
-23.4% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 824 resolved cases

Office Action

§103 §DP
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Claims Status and Previous Objections/Rejections Status Claims 1-20 are pending in the application. Claims 2,3 and 18-20 are withdrawn from consideration. Any objections and/or rejections from previous office actions that have not been reiterated in this office action are obviated. Applicant’s statement that the present application and Weichert were, not later than the effective filing date of the claimed invention in the present application, owned by or subject to an obligation of assignment to Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation. Terminal Disclaimers The terminal disclaimers filed on 12/1/25 for 19/053,084; 18/182,850; 19/053,072; 18/345,385; 11,730,834; 11,633,506 and 10,751,430 were approved. Response to Arguments Applicant’s arguments, see REMARKS, filed 12/1/25, with respect to the rejection(s) of claim(s) 1 and 4-17 under 102(a) have been fully considered and are persuasive. Therefore, the rejection has been withdrawn. However, upon further consideration, a new ground(s) of rejection is made in view of Pinchuk et al. (US2010/0284931A1) in view of Port (US2007/0292354A1) and in further view of Garrity et al. (US 6,045,821). New Grounds of Rejection Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis (i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA ) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claim(s) 1,4-6,8 and 11-17 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Pinchuk et al. (US2010/0284931A1) in view of Port (US2007/0292354A1) and in further view of Garrity et al. (US 6,045,821). Pinchuk et al. (US2010/0284931A1) discloses fluorescent phospholipid compounds having the formula PNG media_image1.png 82 122 media_image1.png Greyscale wherein X is PNG media_image2.png 60 94 media_image2.png Greyscale and Z is a fluorophore (p1-2, [0009-0012]). The different compounds include: PNG media_image3.png 117 307 media_image3.png Greyscale PNG media_image4.png 85 290 media_image4.png Greyscale (p5, [0069]; p6, [0079]). The PNG media_image5.png 74 136 media_image5.png Greyscale moiety encompasses the PNG media_image6.png 70 454 media_image6.png Greyscale when a is 0, m is 0 and b is 1, such as the PNG media_image7.png 74 198 media_image7.png Greyscale moiety of the instant claims. The PNG media_image5.png 74 136 media_image5.png Greyscale moiety comprises –(CH2)18- that encompasses n is an integer between 12 and 20, such as 18 of the instant claim 11. The PNG media_image5.png 74 136 media_image5.png Greyscale moiety comprises an -N+Me3 moiety that encompasses the -N+Z3 wherein Z is -CH3 of the instant claims 12-14. The compounds can be combined with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier (p8, [0097]) that encompasses the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier of the instant claim 17. Pinchuk et al. does not disclose the metal chelator attached to the phospholipid ether. Port (US2007/0292354A1) discloses CEST MRI imaging agents comprising DOTA, DO3A, DTPA bound to lipophilic derivatives via a spacer PNG media_image8.png 48 214 media_image8.png Greyscale (p4, [0056],[0059]; p7, [0137-0139]; p8, [0155]; claims 30,31). The DOTA, DO3A and DTPA encompass the chelators of the instant claims. Examples of the contras agents include, DO3A-dodecenyl-PE, PNG media_image9.png 235 798 media_image9.png Greyscale , etc. (p8-9, [0155],[0165]). The metal comprises holmium (III), Cu(II), etc. (claim 28). Garrity et al. (US 6,045,821) discloses chelating agent contrast agent, for MRI, comprising a metal ion and a macrocyclic chelant moiety attached to a lipophilic membrane associating moiety (abstract; column 4, lines 42+). The chelant moieties comprise PNG media_image10.png 96 157 media_image10.png Greyscale the Z is CO2H, CON(R2)2, R2, etc. wherein R2 is H, an alkyl substituted by at least one hydroxyl, etc. (column 5, lines 27+). The chelators comprise DOTA, DO3A (claim 7) that encompass the chelators of the instant claims. The phospholipids that can be used as anchoring groups to couple to the chelate moiety include phosphatidylethanolamine, N-dodecanal-PE, etc. (column 6, lines 43-54). The metal comprises Gd(III), Ho(III), 90Y, 186Re, 188Re, etc. (column 13, lines 1-17). The contrast agent may be combined with an aqueous carrier medium (column 3, lines 41-54). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to substitute the fluorophore moiety of Pinchuk et al. for the metal chelator of Port and/or Garrity et al. to chelate a variety of metal isotopes, such as the 90Y, 186Re, 188Re to the chelator-phospholipid compounds for the advantage of imaging of tumors in a subject via MRI or scintigraphic imaging. It would have been predictable to one of ordinary skill in the art to substitute one imaging moiety, such as a fluorophore for another imaging moiety, such as a metal chelating contrast agent depending on the desired imaging technique, such as fluorescence, MRI, etc. Response to Arguments Applicant’s arguments, see REMARKS, filed 12/1/25, with respect to the rejection(s) of claim(s) 1 and 4-17 on the grounds of nonstatutory double patenting have been fully considered and are persuasive. Therefore, the rejection has been withdrawn. However, upon further consideration, a new ground(s) of rejection is made over a.) U.S. Patent No. 10,265,398B2 in view of Garrity et al. (US 6,045,821), b.) U.S. Patent No. 10,813,998B2 in view of Garrity et al. (US 6,045,821) and c.) U.S. Patent No. 11,623,007B2 in view of Garrity et al. (US 6,045,821). Double Patenting The nonstatutory double patenting rejection is based on a judicially created doctrine grounded in public policy (a policy reflected in the statute) so as to prevent the unjustified or improper timewise extension of the “right to exclude” granted by a patent and to prevent possible harassment by multiple assignees. A nonstatutory double patenting rejection is appropriate where the conflicting claims are not identical, but at least one examined application claim is not patentably distinct from the reference claim(s) because the examined application claim is either anticipated by, or would have been obvious over, the reference claim(s). See, e.g., In re Berg, 140 F.3d 1428, 46 USPQ2d 1226 (Fed. Cir. 1998); In re Goodman, 11 F.3d 1046, 29 USPQ2d 2010 (Fed. Cir. 1993); In re Longi, 759 F.2d 887, 225 USPQ 645 (Fed. Cir. 1985); In re Van Ornum, 686 F.2d 937, 214 USPQ 761 (CCPA 1982); In re Vogel, 422 F.2d 438, 164 USPQ 619 (CCPA 1970); In re Thorington, 418 F.2d 528, 163 USPQ 644 (CCPA 1969). A timely filed terminal disclaimer in compliance with 37 CFR 1.321(c) or 1.321(d) may be used to overcome an actual or provisional rejection based on nonstatutory double patenting provided the reference application or patent either is shown to be commonly owned with the examined application, or claims an invention made as a result of activities undertaken within the scope of a joint research agreement. See MPEP § 717.02 for applications subject to examination under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA as explained in MPEP § 2159. See MPEP § 2146 et seq. for applications not subject to examination under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . A terminal disclaimer must be signed in compliance with 37 CFR 1.321(b). The filing of a terminal disclaimer by itself is not a complete reply to a nonstatutory double patenting (NSDP) rejection. A complete reply requires that the terminal disclaimer be accompanied by a reply requesting reconsideration of the prior Office action. Even where the NSDP rejection is provisional the reply must be complete. See MPEP § 804, subsection I.B.1. For a reply to a non-final Office action, see 37 CFR 1.111(a). For a reply to final Office action, see 37 CFR 1.113(c). A request for reconsideration while not provided for in 37 CFR 1.113(c) may be filed after final for consideration. See MPEP §§ 706.07(e) and 714.13. The USPTO Internet website contains terminal disclaimer forms which may be used. Please visit www.uspto.gov/patent/patents-forms. The actual filing date of the application in which the form is filed determines what form (e.g., PTO/SB/25, PTO/SB/26, PTO/AIA /25, or PTO/AIA /26) should be used. A web-based eTerminal Disclaimer may be filled out completely online using web-screens. An eTerminal Disclaimer that meets all requirements is auto-processed and approved immediately upon submission. For more information about eTerminal Disclaimers, refer to www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/applying-online/eterminal-disclaimer. Claims 1, and 4-17 are rejected on the ground of nonstatutory double patenting as being unpatentable over claims 1,3-7 and 14-16 of U.S. Patent No. 10,265,398B2 in view of Garrity et al. (US 6,045,821). The compounds of U.S. Patent No. 10,265,398B2 have an analogous structure to the compounds of the instant claims. The compounds of U.S. Patent No. 10,265,398B2 and the instant claims have a formula PNG media_image11.png 88 386 media_image11.png Greyscale wherein R1 are chelates, such as DO3A, NODA, NOTA, DOTA, etc. and chelate metal isotopes. The Y moieties of U.S. Patent No. 10,265,398B2 and the instant claims comprise -H, -OH, -COOH, etc. The R2 moieties of U.S. Patent No. 10,265,398B2 and the instant claims comprise -N+H3, -N+H2Z, -N+HZ2, etc. wherein Z is alkyl or arylalkyl. The method of detecting or imaging one or more cancer tumor cells, the method of diagnosing cancer, the method of monitoring the efficacy of a cancer therapy and the method of treating a cancer of U.S. Patent No. 10,265,398B2 uses the compounds having a formula PNG media_image11.png 88 386 media_image11.png Greyscale that is analogous to the compounds of the instant claims. U.S. Patent No. 10,265,398B2 does not disclose the metal atoms of the instant claims 4 and 5. Garrity et al. (US 6,045,821) discloses chelating agent contrast agent, for MRI, comprising a metal ion and a macrocyclic chelant moiety attached to a lipophilic membrane associating moiety as well as that stated above. It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to substitute the Gd moiety of U.S. Patent No. 10,265,398B2 for the 90Y, 186Re, 188Re, etc. of Garrity et al. as Garrity et al. teaches that Gd(III) metal is predictably substituted for the 90Y, 186Re, 188Re, etc. metals for the advantage of imaging of tumors in a subject via different imaging techniques, such as MRI or scintigraphic imaging. Claims 1 and 4-17 rejected on the ground of nonstatutory double patenting as being unpatentable over claim 1 of U.S. Patent No. 10,813,998B2 in view of Garrity et al. (US 6,045,821). The compounds used for the method of treating cancer of U.S. Patent No. 10,813,998B2 comprise an analogous structure to the compounds of the instant claims. The compounds of U.S. Patent No. 10,813,998B2 and the instant claims have a formula PNG media_image11.png 88 386 media_image11.png Greyscale wherein R1 are chelates, such as DO3A, NODA, NOTA, DOTA, etc. and chelate metal isotopes. The Y moieties of U.S. Patent No. 10,813,998B2 and the instant claims comprise -H, -OH, -COOH, etc. The R2 moieties of U.S. Patent No. 10,813,998B2 and the instant claims comprise -N+H3, -N+H2Z, -N+HZ2, etc. wherein Z is alkyl or arylalkyl. U.S. Patent No. 10,813,998B2 does not disclose the metal atoms of the instant claims 4 and 5. Garrity et al. (US 6,045,821) discloses chelating agent contrast agent, for MRI, comprising a metal ion and a macrocyclic chelant moiety attached to a lipophilic membrane associating moiety as well as that stated above. It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to substitute the Gd moiety of U.S. Patent No. 10,265,398B2 for the 90Y, 186Re, 188Re, etc. of Garrity et al. as Garrity et al. teaches that Gd(III) metal is predictably substituted for the 90Y, 186Re, 188Re, etc. metals for the advantage of imaging of tumors in a subject via different imaging techniques, such as MRI or scintigraphic imaging. Claims 1 and 4-17 rejected on the ground of nonstatutory double patenting as being unpatentable over claims 1-20 of U.S. Patent No. 11,623,007B2 in view of Garrity et al. (US 6,045,821). The compounds of U.S. Patent No. 11,623,007B2 have an analogous structure to the compounds of the instant claims. The compounds of U.S. Patent No. 11,623,007B2 and the instant claims have a formula PNG media_image11.png 88 386 media_image11.png Greyscale wherein R1 are chelates, such as DO3A, NODA, NOTA, DOTA, etc. and chelate metal isotopes. The Y moieties of U.S. Patent No. 11,623,007B2 and the instant claims comprise -H, -OH, -COOH, etc. The R2 moieties of U.S. Patent No. 11,623,007B2 and the instant claims comprise -N+H3, -N+H2Z, -N+HZ2, etc. wherein Z is alkyl or arylalkyl. The method of detecting or imaging one or more cancer tumor cells and the method of diagnosing cancer of U.S. Patent No. 11,623,007B2 used the compounds having a formula PNG media_image11.png 88 386 media_image11.png Greyscale that is analogous to the compounds of the instant claims. U.S. Patent No. 11,623,007B2 does not disclose the metal atoms of the instant claims 4 and 5. Garrity et al. (US 6,045,821) discloses chelating agent contrast agent, for MRI, comprising a metal ion and a macrocyclic chelant moiety attached to a lipophilic membrane associating moiety as well as that stated above. It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to substitute the Gd moiety of U.S. Patent No. 10,813,998B2 for the 90Y, 186Re, 188Re, etc. of Garrity et al. as Garrity et al. teaches that Gd(III) metal is predictably substituted for the advantage of imaging of tumors in a subject via different required imaging techniques, such as MRI or scintigraphic imaging. Conclusion No claims are allowed at this time. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to MELISSA JEAN PERREIRA whose telephone number is (571)272-1354. The examiner can normally be reached M9-3, T9-3, W9-3, Th9-2, F9-2. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Michael Hartley can be reached at 571-272-0616. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /MELISSA J PERREIRA/ Examiner, Art Unit 1618
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Oct 27, 2021
Application Filed
May 03, 2022
Response after Non-Final Action
Aug 29, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §103, §DP
Dec 01, 2025
Response Filed
Feb 11, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §103, §DP (current)

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

Patent 12599682
Near-Infrared Dyes And Conjugates For Targeting Tumors
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 14, 2026
Patent 12544463
NOVEL DEUTERIUM SUBSTITUTED POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET) IMAGING AGENTS AND THEIR PHARMACOLOGICAL APPLICATION
2y 5m to grant Granted Feb 10, 2026
Patent 12521454
68GA- AND 64CU -NODAGA-E[C(RGDYK)]2 FOR USE AS PET TRACERS IN THE IMAGING OF ANGIOGENESIS IN HUMANS
2y 5m to grant Granted Jan 13, 2026
Patent 12491272
Stable, concentrated radionuclide complex solutions
2y 5m to grant Granted Dec 09, 2025
Patent 12486238
NOVEL COMPOUND HAVING ANTIBACTERIAL FUNCTION AGAINST SUPERBACTERIA AND SELECTIVE DETECTION FUNCTION OF HYPOCHLOROUS ACID, AND COMPOSITION AND SENSOR COMPRISING THE SAME
2y 5m to grant Granted Dec 02, 2025
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

AI Strategy Recommendation

Get an AI-powered prosecution strategy using examiner precedents, rejection analysis, and claim mapping.
Powered by AI — typically takes 5-10 seconds

Prosecution Projections

2-3
Expected OA Rounds
52%
Grant Probability
78%
With Interview (+25.7%)
3y 7m
Median Time to Grant
Moderate
PTA Risk
Based on 824 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

Sign in with your work email

Enter your email to receive a magic link. No password needed.

Personal email addresses (Gmail, Yahoo, etc.) are not accepted.

Free tier: 3 strategy analyses per month