Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 17/526,183

GENERATING GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS ESTIMATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH LOGISTICS CONTEXTS USING MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES

Final Rejection §101
Filed
Nov 15, 2021
Examiner
SINGLETARY, TYRONE E
Art Unit
3625
Tech Center
3600 — Transportation & Electronic Commerce
Assignee
International Business Machines Corporation
OA Round
7 (Final)
30%
Grant Probability
At Risk
8-9
OA Rounds
3y 4m
To Grant
59%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants only 30% of cases
30%
Career Allow Rate
56 granted / 186 resolved
-21.9% vs TC avg
Strong +29% interview lift
Without
With
+29.0%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 4m
Avg Prosecution
36 currently pending
Career history
222
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
42.8%
+2.8% vs TC avg
§103
37.6%
-2.4% vs TC avg
§102
7.5%
-32.5% vs TC avg
§112
10.7%
-29.3% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 186 resolved cases

Office Action

§101
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after November 15 2021, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Status of the Claims The Amendment filed on 10/16/2025 has been entered. Claims 1-2, 4, 6-7, 9-12, 14, 16-17 and 19-25 are pending in the instant patent application. Claims 1, 11 and 20 are amended. Claims 3, 5, 8, 13, 15 and 18 are cancelled. This Final Office Action is in response to the claims filed. Response to Claim Amendments Applicant’s amendments to the claims are insufficient to overcome the 35 U.S.C. §101 rejections. The rejections remain pending and are updated and addressed below in light of the amendments and per guidelines for 101 analysis (PEG 2019). Response to 35 U.S.C. §101 Arguments Applicant’s arguments regarding 35 U.S.C. §101 rejection of the claims have been fully considered, but are not persuasive. As previously noted in the previous Office Action, Examiner found that during the re-evaluation of the claim language, that the claims recite abstract ideas, specifically Mental Processes and Certain Methods of Organizing Human Activity (business relations). Examiner will further note that the generic use of the machine learning model utilizing it in a generic capacity is not enough to remove it from the abstract idea groupings. Furthermore, Examiner maintains that there isn’t an improvement to the technology or technical field. The training and retraining of the machine learning model is performed in a generic manner, in its generic capacity, performing its generic function. Furthermore, there is no connection in what is accomplished from the retraining of the RNN and how the resulting data is tied into the claim language or how the physics-related inter-relationships are further utilized in the claim language. As noted in Ex Parte Desjardins, the specification identified the improvement to machine learning technology by explaining how the machine learning model is trained to learn new tasks while protecting knowledge about previous tasks to overcome the problem of “catastrophic forgetting,” and that the claims reflected the improvement identified in the specification. There were clear improvements noted and further reflected in the claim language. The same cannot be said of the current claims in light of Ex Parte Desjardins. Thus for in at least these reasons, Examiner maintains that the claim language recites abstract ideas. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 101 35 U.S.C. 101 reads as follows: Whoever invents or discovers any new and useful process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof, may obtain a patent therefor, subject to the conditions and requirements of this title. Regarding Claims 1-2, 4, 6-7 and 9-10, they are directed to a method, however the claims are directed to a judicial exception without significantly more. Claims 1-2, 4, 6-7 and 9-10 are directed to the abstract idea of generating greenhouse gas emission estimations. Performing the Step 2A Prong 1 analysis while referring specifically to independent Claim 1, claim 1 recites obtaining multiple items of input data related to multiple aspects of at least one logistics context; deriving one or more contextual features from the multiple items of input data by processing at least a portion of the multiple items of input data using one or more data profiling techniques, wherein deriving one or more contextual features comprises generating at least one route profile and at least one vehicle profile; simulating greenhouse gas emissions data attributed to operation of multiple systems within the at least one logistics context by processing at least a portion of the multiple items of input data using thermodynamic equations comprising at least one heat transfer equation and at least one energy balance equation; identifying data cohorts based at least in part on the one or more contextual features, wherein identifying data cohorts comprises identifying data cohorts related to route information, topography information, and weather information, and identifying data cohorts related to vehicle information and driver information; generating at least one energy consumption estimate attributed to at least a portion of at least one logistics implementation by processing data pertaining to the at least one logistics implementation using the at least one trained machine learning model; generating at least one greenhouse gas emissions estimate attributed to the at least a portion of the at least one logistics implementation based at least in part on the at least one energy consumption estimate; and performing one or more automated actions based at least in part on the at least one generated greenhouse gas emissions estimate, wherein performing one or more automated actions comprises: automatically modifying, based at least in part on the at least one generated greenhouse gas emissions estimate, at least a portion of one or more systems within at least one transportation-related machine used in the at least one logistics implementation. These claim limitations fall within the Certain Methods of Organizing Human Activity grouping of abstract ideas due to the commercial interactions taking place, notably business relations. In addition, Mental Processes for they are concepts that can be practically performed in the human mind and/or with pen/paper. Examiner will also note that the courts have found claims requiring a generic computer or nominally reciting a generic computer may still recite a mental process even though the claim limitations are not performed entirely in the human mind. Furthermore, the generic recitation of a machine learning model and at least one recurrent neural network does not take the claim out of the certain methods of organizing human activity for it is merely being used as a tool to carry out the abstract idea. Accordingly, the claim recites an abstract idea and dependent claims 2, 4, 6- 7 and 9-10 further recite the abstract idea. Regarding Step 2A Prong 2 analysis, the judicial exception is not integrated into a practical application. In particular the claim recites the elements of training at least one machine learning model related to energy consumption based at least in part on the one or more contextual features, wherein the at least one machine learning model comprises at least one recurrent neural network, and wherein training the at least one recurrent neural network comprises using at least a portion of the identified data cohorts and at least a portion of the one or more contextual features to learn physics-related inter-relationships between the simulated greenhouse gas emissions data; automatically retraining the at least one recurrent neural network based at least in part on the at least one generated greenhouse gas emissions estimate and resulting data from the at least one logistics implementation and at least one computing device. The training at least one machine learning model related to energy consumption based at least in part on the one or more contextual features, wherein the at least one machine learning model comprises at least one recurrent neural network, and wherein training the at least one recurrent neural network comprises using at least a portion of the identified data cohorts and at least a portion of the one or more contextual features to learn physics-based inter-relationships between the simulated greenhouse gas emissions data; automatically retraining the at least one recurrent neural network based at least in part on the at least one generated greenhouse gas emissions estimate and resulting data from the at least one logistics implementation and at least one computing device are merely generic computing devices and do not integrate the judicial exception into a practical application. With respect to 2B, the claims do not include additional elements amounting to significantly more than the abstract idea. Claim 1 includes various elements that are not directed to the abstract idea under 2A. These elements include training at least one machine learning model related to energy consumption based at least in part on the one or more contextual features, wherein the at least one machine learning model comprises at least one recurrent neural network, and wherein training the at least one recurrent neural network comprises using at least a portion of the identified data cohorts and at least a portion of the one or more contextual features to learn physics-based inter-relationships between the simulated greenhouse gas emissions data; automatically retraining the at least one recurrent neural network based at least in part on the at least one generated greenhouse gas emissions estimate and resulting data from the at least one logistics implementation, at least one computing device and the generic computing elements described in the Applicant's specification in at least Para 0048. These elements do not amount to more than the abstract idea because it is a generic computer performing generic functions. Therefore, Claim 1 is not drawn to eligible subject matter as it is directed to abstract ideas without significantly more. Regarding Claims 11-12, 14 and 16-17, they are directed to a computer program product, however the claims are directed to a judicial exception without significantly more. Claims 11-12, 14 and 16-17 are directed to the abstract idea of generating greenhouse gas emission estimations. Performing the Step 2A Prong 1 analysis while referring specifically to independent Claim 11, claim 11 recites obtain multiple items of input data related to multiple aspects of at least one logistics context; derive one or more contextual features from the multiple items of input data by processing at least a portion of the multiple items of input data using one or more data profiling techniques, wherein deriving one or more contextual features comprises generating at least one route profile and at least one vehicle profile; simulate greenhouse gas emissions data attributed to operation of multiple systems within the at least one logistics context by processing at least a portion of the multiple items of input data using thermodynamic equations comprising at least one heat transfer equation and at least one energy balance equation; identify data cohorts based at least in part on the one or more contextual features, wherein identifying data cohorts comprises identifying data cohorts related to route information, topography information, and weather information, and identifying data cohorts related to vehicle information and driver information; generate at least one energy consumption estimate attributed to at least a portion of at least one logistics implementation by processing data pertaining to the at least one logistics implementation using the at least one trained machine learning model; generate at least one greenhouse gas emissions estimate attributed to the at least a portion of the at least one logistics implementation based at least in part on the at least one energy consumption estimate; and perform one or more automated actions based at least in part on the at least one generated greenhouse gas emissions estimate, wherein performing one or more automated actions comprises: automatically modifying, based at least in part on the at least one generated greenhouse gas emissions estimate, at least a portion of one or more systems within at least one transportation-related machine used in the at least one logistics implementation. These claim limitations fall within the Certain Methods of Organizing Human Activity grouping of abstract ideas due to the commercial interactions taking place, notably business relations. In addition, Mental Processes for they are concepts that can be practically performed in the human mind and/or with pen/paper. Examiner will also note that the courts have found claims requiring a generic computer or nominally reciting a generic computer may still recite a mental process even though the claim limitations are not performed entirely in the human mind. Furthermore, the generic recitation of a machine learning model and at least one recurrent neural network does not take the claim out of the certain methods of organizing human activity for it is merely being used as a tool to carry out the abstract idea. Accordingly, the claim recites an abstract idea and dependent claims 12, 14 and 16-17 further recite the abstract idea. Regarding Step 2A Prong 2 analysis, the judicial exception is not integrated into a practical application. In particular the claim recites the elements of train at least one machine learning model related to energy consumption based at least in part on the one or more contextual features, wherein the at least one machine learning model comprises at least one recurrent neural network, and wherein training the at least one recurrent neural network comprises using at least a portion of the identified data cohorts and at least a portion of the one or more contextual features to learn physics-based inter-relationships between the simulated greenhouse gas emissions data and automatically retraining the at least one recurrent neural network based at least in part on the at least one generated greenhouse gas emissions estimate and resulting data from the at least one logistics implementation and a computing device. The train at least one machine learning model related to energy consumption based at least in part on the one or more contextual features, wherein the at least one machine learning model comprises at least one recurrent neural network, and wherein training the at least one recurrent neural network comprises using at least a portion of the identified data cohorts and at least a portion of the one or more contextual features to learn physics-based inter-relationships between the simulated greenhouse gas emissions data and automatically retraining the at least one recurrent neural network based at least in part on the at least one generated greenhouse gas emissions estimate and resulting data from the at least one logistics implementation and a computing device are merely generic computing devices and do not integrate the judicial exception into a practical application. With respect to 2B, the claims do not include additional elements amounting to significantly more than the abstract idea. Claim 11 includes various elements that are not directed to the abstract idea under 2A. These elements include train at least one machine learning model related to energy consumption based at least in part on the one or more contextual features, wherein the at least one machine learning model comprises at least one recurrent neural network, and wherein training the at least one recurrent neural network comprises using at least a portion of the identified data cohorts and at least a portion of the one or more contextual features to learn physics-based inter-relationships between the simulated greenhouse gas emissions data and automatically retraining the at least one recurrent neural network based at least in part on the at least one generated greenhouse gas emissions estimate and resulting data from the at least one logistics implementation, a computing device and the generic computing elements described in the Applicant's specification in at least Para 0048. These elements do not amount to more than the abstract idea because it is a generic computer performing generic functions. Therefore, Claim 11 is not drawn to eligible subject matter as it is directed to abstract ideas without significantly more. Regarding Claims 20-25, they are directed to a system, however the claim is directed to a judicial exception without significantly more. Claims 20-25 are directed to the abstract idea of generating greenhouse gas emission estimations. Performing the Step 2A Prong 1 analysis while referring specifically to independent Claim 20, claim 20 recites obtain multiple items of input data related to multiple aspects of at least one logistics context; derive one or more contextual features from the multiple items of input data by processing at least a portion of the multiple items of input data using one or more data profiling techniques, wherein deriving one or more contextual features comprises generating at least one route profile and at least one vehicle profile; simulate greenhouse gas emissions data attributed to operation of multiple systems within the at least one logistics context by processing at least a portion of the multiple items of input data using thermodynamic equations comprising at least one heat transfer equation and at least one energy balance equation; identify data cohorts based at least in part on the one or more contextual features, wherein identifying data cohorts comprises identifying data cohorts related to route information, topography information, and weather information, and identifying data cohorts related to vehicle information and driver information; generate at least one energy consumption estimate attributed to at least a portion of at least one logistics implementation by processing data pertaining to the at least one logistics implementation using the at least one trained machine learning model; generate at least one greenhouse gas emissions estimate attributed to the at least a portion of the at least one logistics implementation based at least in part on the at least one energy consumption estimate; and perform one or more automated actions based at least in part on the at least one generated greenhouse gas emissions estimate, wherein performing one or more automated actions comprises: automatically modifying, based at least in part on the at least one generated greenhouse gas emissions estimate, at least a portion of one or more systems within at least one transportation-related machine used in the at least one logistics implementation. These claim limitations fall within the Certain Methods of Organizing Human Activity grouping of abstract ideas due to the commercial interactions taking place, notably business relations. In addition, Mental Processes for they are concepts that can be practically performed in the human mind and/or with pen/paper. Examiner will also note that the courts have found claims requiring a generic computer or nominally reciting a generic computer may still recite a mental process even though the claim limitations are not performed entirely in the human mind. Furthermore, the generic recitation of a machine learning model and at least one recurrent neural network does not take the claim out of the certain methods of organizing human activity for it is merely being used as a tool to carry out the abstract idea. Accordingly, the claim recites an abstract idea and dependent claims 21-25 further recite the abstract idea. Regarding Step 2A Prong 2 analysis, the judicial exception is not integrated into a practical application. In particular the claim recites the elements of a memory, a processor, train at least one machine learning model related to energy consumption based at least in part on the one or more contextual features, wherein the at least one machine learning model comprises at least one recurrent neural network, and wherein training the at least one recurrent neural network comprises using at least a portion of the identified data cohorts and at least a portion of the one or more contextual features to learn physics-based inter-relationships between the simulated greenhouse gas emissions data and automatically retraining the at least one recurrent neural network based at least in part on the at least one generated greenhouse gas emissions estimate and resulting data from the at least one logistics implementation and a computing device. The memory, processor, train at least one machine learning model related to energy consumption based at least in part on the one or more contextual features, wherein the at least one machine learning model comprises at least one recurrent neural network, and wherein training the at least one recurrent neural network comprises using at least a portion of the identified data cohorts and at least a portion of the one or more contextual features to learn physics-based inter-relationships between the simulated greenhouse gas emissions data and automatically retraining the at least one recurrent neural network based at least in part on the at least one generated greenhouse gas emissions estimate and resulting data from the at least one logistics implementation and a computing device are merely generic computing devices and do not integrate the judicial exception into a practical application. With respect to 2B, the claims do not include additional elements amounting to significantly more than the abstract idea. Claim 20 includes various elements that are not directed to the abstract idea under 2A. These elements include train at least one machine learning model related to energy consumption based at least in part on the one or more contextual features, wherein the at least one machine learning model comprises at least one recurrent neural network, and wherein training the at least one recurrent neural network comprises using at least a portion of the identified data cohorts and at least a portion of the one or more contextual features to learn physics-based inter-relationships between the simulated greenhouse gas emissions data and automatically retraining the at least one recurrent neural network based at least in part on the at least one generated greenhouse gas emissions estimate and resulting data from the at least one logistics implementation, a memory, a processor and the generic computing elements described in the Applicant's specification in at least Para 0048. These elements do not amount to more than the abstract idea because it is a generic computer performing generic functions. Therefore, Claim 20 is not drawn to eligible subject matter as it is directed to abstract ideas without significantly more. Conclusion Applicant's amendment necessitated the new ground(s) of rejection presented in this Office action. Accordingly, THIS ACTION IS MADE FINAL. See MPEP § 706.07(a). Applicant is reminded of the extension of time policy as set forth in 37 CFR 1.136(a). A shortened statutory period for reply to this final action is set to expire THREE MONTHS from the mailing date of this action. In the event a first reply is filed within TWO MONTHS of the mailing date of this final action and the advisory action is not mailed until after the end of the THREE-MONTH shortened statutory period, then the shortened statutory period will expire on the date the advisory action is mailed, and any nonprovisional extension fee (37 CFR 1.17(a)) pursuant to 37 CFR 1.136(a) will be calculated from the mailing date of the advisory action. In no event, however, will the statutory period for reply expire later than SIX MONTHS from the mailing date of this final action. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to TYRONE E SINGLETARY whose telephone number is (571)272-1684. The examiner can normally be reached 9 - 5:30. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Rutao Wu can be reached at 571-272-6045. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /T.E.S./ Examiner, Art Unit 3623 /RUTAO WU/Supervisory Patent Examiner, Art Unit 3623
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Nov 15, 2021
Application Filed
Jun 01, 2023
Non-Final Rejection — §101
Aug 21, 2023
Interview Requested
Aug 30, 2023
Applicant Interview (Telephonic)
Aug 31, 2023
Response Filed
Sep 04, 2023
Examiner Interview Summary
Nov 30, 2023
Non-Final Rejection — §101
Feb 20, 2024
Interview Requested
Mar 07, 2024
Applicant Interview (Telephonic)
Mar 07, 2024
Examiner Interview Summary
Mar 11, 2024
Response Filed
May 24, 2024
Final Rejection — §101
Jul 10, 2024
Interview Requested
Jul 30, 2024
Response after Non-Final Action
Jul 30, 2024
Examiner Interview Summary
Jul 30, 2024
Applicant Interview (Telephonic)
Aug 10, 2024
Response after Non-Final Action
Aug 30, 2024
Request for Continued Examination
Sep 03, 2024
Response after Non-Final Action
Sep 18, 2024
Non-Final Rejection — §101
Nov 26, 2024
Interview Requested
Dec 20, 2024
Response Filed
Mar 31, 2025
Final Rejection — §101
May 14, 2025
Interview Requested
Jun 03, 2025
Applicant Interview (Telephonic)
Jun 03, 2025
Examiner Interview Summary
Jun 04, 2025
Response after Non-Final Action
Jun 30, 2025
Request for Continued Examination
Jul 03, 2025
Response after Non-Final Action
Jul 12, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §101
Sep 25, 2025
Interview Requested
Oct 16, 2025
Response Filed
Jan 01, 2026
Final Rejection — §101 (current)

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Prosecution Projections

8-9
Expected OA Rounds
30%
Grant Probability
59%
With Interview (+29.0%)
3y 4m
Median Time to Grant
High
PTA Risk
Based on 186 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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