Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 17/631,598

ANALYTICAL METHOD AND IMMUNOLOGICAL TREATMENT FOR BLADDER CANCER

Final Rejection §101
Filed
Jan 31, 2022
Examiner
EMCH, GREGORY S
Art Unit
1678
Tech Center
1600 — Biotechnology & Organic Chemistry
Assignee
Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
OA Round
2 (Final)
50%
Grant Probability
Moderate
3-4
OA Rounds
3y 7m
To Grant
93%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 50% of resolved cases
50%
Career Allow Rate
305 granted / 615 resolved
-10.4% vs TC avg
Strong +44% interview lift
Without
With
+43.6%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 7m
Avg Prosecution
37 currently pending
Career history
652
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
7.5%
-32.5% vs TC avg
§103
29.7%
-10.3% vs TC avg
§102
19.7%
-20.3% vs TC avg
§112
22.1%
-17.9% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 615 resolved cases

Office Action

§101
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Applicants filed remarks on 12/15/2025 has been received and entered. Claims 8, 10, 12-18 and 20 have been canceled. Claims 1-7, 9, 11 and 19 are pending. Claims 1-6 and 9 are under examination. Claims 7, 11 and 19 are withdrawn from further consideration. The rejection on Claims 1-6, 8-9 and 20 under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph is withdrawn because of amendment. The rejection on Claims 1-6, 8-9 and 19 under 35 U.S.C. 112(a) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), first paragraph is withdrawn because of amendment. The rejection on claims 1-6 and 9 under 35 USC 101 judicial exception is maintained and of record. Applicants’ remarks are summarized below: “In the present case, claim 1 as amended with this response is directed to a method which is a practical application. The Examiner has already identified Table 1 in the specification with clinical data supporting the practical application for bladder cancer. Furthermore, dependent claims provide additional practical details of the method. In view of this, amended claim 1 and its dependent claims are not directed to a judicial acception or abstract idea, instead these claims are a concrete and practical application. Therefore, the claims are patent-elegable under step 2A. Still further, as is further explained in the Memo, where claims amount to significantly more, the claims are also patent-eligible under step 2B. In the present case, the Examiner has already determined that no prior art teaches or suggests using nLc4 in detecting bladder cancer. See paragraph 12 of the Office Action. Accordingly, present claims provide a significant novel and inventive improvement to the technical field of bladder cancer diagnosis and as such, the claimed method includes significantly more. Thus, present claims are also patent-elegible under step 2B. In view of the foregoing, we respectfully submit that the 101 rejecion may be properly reconsidered and withdrawn”. Applicant’s arguments have been considered but are not persuasive. First, the amended claim 1 is reproduced as following: “A method for analysing a sample to detect bladder cancer in a subject the urinary tract and/or in the urogenital tract, the method comprising analysing a urine sample from the subject for the presence of the a~glycan consisting of Galp31 -4GlcNAcp31-3 Galp31 -4Glc (lacto-N-neo-tetraose, neolactotetra, nLc4) and measuring a concentration of nLc4 in the urine sample, comparing a the measured concentration of one or more of nL c4, lactose, and Gb3 to a nLc4 concentrationina control group, and identifying the subjectas having bladdersample as indicting presence of cancer when the measured concentration is high compared to the control group”. The current method is a process using natural occurring relationship, namely nLc4 (also having alias as Galp31 -4GlcNAcp31-3 Galp31 -4Glc, lacto-N-neo-tetraose or neolactotetra) concentration correlating with the presence of bladder cancer by comparison with a control. Such correlation itself constitutes an abstract idea (See Mayo Collaborative Servs. v. Prometheus Laboratories, Inc., 132 S.Ct. 1289 (2012); where the level of drug 6-thioguanine in blood cells providing advice clinician for treatment). Note, novelty or unobviousness is NOT the test used to evaluate judicial exception unlike argued by applicants (emphasis added). The primary principle lies in the Mayo vs. Prometheus (2012)(see above). Applicants pointed out that the clinical data as listed in Table 1 can be construed as a practical application. However this alone cannot be held as a practical application since NO additional feature(s) is incorporated in the claim other than common, routine and well known sample collecting, analyzing and comparing. It is suggested a feature, e.g. immunotherapy comprising nLc4 in the claim as suggested by the court in Vanda Pharmaceuticals vs. West-Ward Pharmaceutical, where the court held a treatment to the patient with an amount of a particular medication, i.e. iloperidone, is an integrated practical application more than law of nature (887 F.3d at 1134-36, 126 USPQ2d at 1279-81). As to the step B (significant more as a whole), no additional step is added plus the measuring steps (mass spectrometry or fluorescence chromatography; section 0023) all fall into common, routine and well-known domain. These steps are recited at a high level of generality, and are necessary data gathering steps that feed into the determining step. One cannot do the determining step without getting the data. This weighs against it being significantly more. Conclusion No claim is allowed. THIS ACTION IS MADE FINAL. Applicant is reminded of the extension of time policy as set forth in 37 CFR 1.136(a). A shortened statutory period for reply to this final action is set to expire THREE MONTHS from the mailing date of this action. In the event a first reply is filed within TWO MONTHS of the mailing date of this final action and the advisory action is not mailed until after the end of the THREE-MONTH shortened statutory period, then the shortened statutory period will expire on the date the advisory action is mailed, and any nonprovisional extension fee (37 CFR 1.17(a)) pursuant to 37 CFR 1.136(a) will be calculated from the mailing date of the advisory action. In no event, however, will the statutory period for reply expire later than SIX MONTHS from the mailing date of this final action. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to CHANGHWA J CHEU whose telephone number is (571)272-0814. The examiner can normally be reached 8 am to 8 pm. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Gregory Emch can be reached at 5712728149. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. CHANGHWA J. CHEU Primary Examiner Art Unit 1678 /CHANGHWA J CHEU/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 1678
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Prosecution Timeline

Jan 31, 2022
Application Filed
Sep 10, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §101
Dec 15, 2025
Response Filed
Dec 31, 2025
Final Rejection — §101
Mar 02, 2026
Applicant Interview (Telephonic)
Mar 02, 2026
Examiner Interview Summary

Precedent Cases

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

3-4
Expected OA Rounds
50%
Grant Probability
93%
With Interview (+43.6%)
3y 7m
Median Time to Grant
Moderate
PTA Risk
Based on 615 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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