Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 17/694,324

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR BIOMOLECULE RETENTION

Non-Final OA §101§102§112§DP
Filed
Mar 14, 2022
Examiner
ZHANG, KAIJIANG
Art Unit
1684
Tech Center
1600 — Biotechnology & Organic Chemistry
Assignee
Nautilus Subsidiary Inc.
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
76%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
2y 11m
To Grant
99%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 76% — above average
76%
Career Allow Rate
518 granted / 678 resolved
+16.4% vs TC avg
Strong +36% interview lift
Without
With
+35.5%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 11m
Avg Prosecution
28 currently pending
Career history
706
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
6.3%
-33.7% vs TC avg
§103
26.5%
-13.5% vs TC avg
§102
24.5%
-15.5% vs TC avg
§112
26.6%
-13.4% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 678 resolved cases

Office Action

§101 §102 §112 §DP
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status 1. The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Election/Restrictions 2. Applicant’s election without traverse of 1) semiconductor as the solid support material species; 2) a time delay integration (TDI) device as the optical detector as the optical detector species; and 3) an antibody as the binding reagent species (thus claim 241 is withdrawn as being drawn to a non-elected species), in the reply filed on 12/17/2025 is acknowledged 3. Claims 214-243 are pending in the application. Claim 241 is withdrawn from further consideration pursuant to 37 CFR 1.142(b) as being drawn to a nonelected invention, there being no allowable generic or linking claim. Claims 214-240 and 242-243 are currently under examination. Specification 4. The disclosure is objected to because it contains an embedded hyperlink and/or other form of browser-executable code (see paragraph [00444] of the specification filed on 4/22/2022). Applicant is required to delete the embedded hyperlink and/or other form of browser-executable code; references to websites should be limited to the top-level domain name without any prefix such as http:// or other browser-executable code. See MPEP § 608.01. 5. The lengthy specification has not been checked to the extent necessary to determine the presence of all possible minor errors. Applicant’s cooperation is requested in correcting any errors of which applicant may become aware in the specification. Claim Objections 6. Claims 214, 242 and 243 are objected to because of the following informalities: Claim 214, line 6: “a dynamic range of at least 104” should be changed to “a dynamic range of at least 104” to correct the typographical error. Claim 242, line 6: “a dynamic range of at least 104” should be changed to “a dynamic range of at least 104” to correct the typographical error. Claim 243, line 6: “a dynamic range of at least 104” should be changed to “a dynamic range of at least 104” to correct the typographical error. Appropriate correction is required. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 112 7. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112(b): (b) CONCLUSION.—The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor regards as the invention. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph: The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the applicant regards as his invention. 8. Claims 221 and 226 are rejected 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph, as being indefinite for failing to particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor (or for applications subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, the applicant), regards as the invention. Claim 221 recites the limitation “the algorithm” in line 1. There is insufficient antecedent basis for this limitation in the claim. Claim 226 recites the limitation “the layer” in line 1. There is insufficient antecedent basis for this limitation in the claim. Statutory Double Patenting 9. A rejection based on double patenting of the “same invention” type finds its support in the language of 35 U.S.C. 101 which states that “whoever invents or discovers any new and useful process... may obtain a patent therefor...” (Emphasis added). Thus, the term “same invention,” in this context, means an invention drawn to identical subject matter. See Miller v. Eagle Mfg. Co., 151 U.S. 186 (1894); In re Vogel, 422 F.2d 438, 164 USPQ 619 (CCPA 1970); In re Ockert, 245 F.2d 467, 114 USPQ 330 (CCPA 1957). A statutory type (35 U.S.C. 101) double patenting rejection can be overcome by canceling or amending the claims that are directed to the same invention so they are no longer coextensive in scope. The filing of a terminal disclaimer cannot overcome a double patenting rejection based upon 35 U.S.C. 101. 10. Claims 214-240 and 242-243 are provisionally rejected under 35 U.S.C. 101 as claiming the same invention as that of claims 192-218 and 220-221 of copending Application No. 19/429,409 (reference application). This is a provisional statutory double patenting rejection since the claims directed to the same invention have not in fact been patented. Nonstatutory Double Patenting 11. The nonstatutory double patenting rejection is based on a judicially created doctrine grounded in public policy (a policy reflected in the statute) so as to prevent the unjustified or improper timewise extension of the “right to exclude” granted by a patent and to prevent possible harassment by multiple assignees. A nonstatutory double patenting rejection is appropriate where the conflicting claims are not identical, but at least one examined application claim is not patentably distinct from the reference claim(s) because the examined application claim is either anticipated by, or would have been obvious over, the reference claim(s). See, e.g., In re Berg, 140 F.3d 1428, 46 USPQ2d 1226 (Fed. Cir. 1998); In re Goodman, 11 F.3d 1046, 29 USPQ2d 2010 (Fed. Cir. 1993); In re Longi, 759 F.2d 887, 225 USPQ 645 (Fed. Cir. 1985); In re Van Ornum, 686 F.2d 937, 214 USPQ 761 (CCPA 1982); In re Vogel, 422 F.2d 438, 164 USPQ 619 (CCPA 1970); In re Thorington, 418 F.2d 528, 163 USPQ 644 (CCPA 1969). A timely filed terminal disclaimer in compliance with 37 CFR 1.321(c) or 1.321(d) may be used to overcome an actual or provisional rejection based on nonstatutory double patenting provided the reference application or patent either is shown to be commonly owned with the examined application, or claims an invention made as a result of activities undertaken within the scope of a joint research agreement. See MPEP § 717.02 for applications subject to examination under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA as explained in MPEP § 2159. See MPEP § 2146 et seq. for applications not subject to examination under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . A terminal disclaimer must be signed in compliance with 37 CFR 1.321(b). The filing of a terminal disclaimer by itself is not a complete reply to a nonstatutory double patenting (NSDP) rejection. A complete reply requires that the terminal disclaimer be accompanied by a reply requesting reconsideration of the prior Office action. Even where the NSDP rejection is provisional the reply must be complete. See MPEP § 804, subsection I.B.1. For a reply to a non-final Office action, see 37 CFR 1.111(a). For a reply to final Office action, see 37 CFR 1.113(c). A request for reconsideration while not provided for in 37 CFR 1.113(c) may be filed after final for consideration. See MPEP §§ 706.07(e) and 714.13. The USPTO Internet website contains terminal disclaimer forms which may be used. Please visit www.uspto.gov/patent/patents-forms. The actual filing date of the application in which the form is filed determines what form (e.g., PTO/SB/25, PTO/SB/26, PTO/AIA /25, or PTO/AIA /26) should be used. A web-based eTerminal Disclaimer may be filled out completely online using web-screens. An eTerminal Disclaimer that meets all requirements is auto-processed and approved immediately upon submission. For more information about eTerminal Disclaimers, refer to www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/applying-online/eterminal-disclaimer. 12. Claims 214-240 and 242-243 are rejected on the ground of nonstatutory double patenting as being unpatentable over claims 1-32 of U.S. Patent No. 12,071,618. Although the claims at issue are not identical, they are not patentably distinct from each other because claims 1-32 of U.S. Patent No. 12,071,618 teach or render obvious all the features as recited in instant claims 214-240 and 242-243. Specifically, claims 1, 13-14 and 17-18 of U.S. Patent No. 12,071,618 teach, along with a method, a system (used in said method) that comprises all the structural elements as recited in instant claim 214. In addition, the other features as recited in instant claims 215-240 and 242-243 are also taught or rendered obvious by claims 1-32 of U.S. Patent No. 12,071,618. 13. Claims 214-240 and 242-243 are rejected on the ground of nonstatutory double patenting as being unpatentable over claims 1-35 of U.S. Patent No. 12,503,694. Although the claims at issue are not identical, they are not patentably distinct from each other because claims 1-35 of U.S. Patent No. 12,503,694 teach or render obvious all the features as recited in instant claims 214-240 and 242-243. Specifically, claims 1, 14-15 and 21-22 of U.S. Patent No. 12,503,694 teach, along with a method, a system (used in said method) that comprises all the structural elements as recited in instant claim 214. In addition, the other features as recited in instant claims 215-240 and 242-243 are also taught or rendered obvious by claims 1-35 of U.S. Patent No. 12,503,694. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 14. In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. 15. The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. 16. Claims 214-231, 233-240 and 243 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Mallick (WO 2019/236749 A2). Regarding claim 214 Mallick teaches, throughout the whole document, a system, comprising: a) a solid support comprising a plurality of sites, wherein a plurality of polypeptides is immobilized at the plurality of sites of the solid support, wherein each site of the plurality of sites is optically resolvable from any other site of the plurality of sites, wherein each site is attached to only one polypeptide of the plurality of polypeptides, wherein the plurality of polypeptides comprises a first polypeptide species and a second polypeptide species (see paragraph [0004] and claim 1), and wherein the first polypeptide species and the second polypeptide species have a dynamic range of at least 104 with respect to each other (see paragraph [0049] disclosing that the sample containing the proteins can be “blood plasma” and paragraph [0053] disclosing that the sample may be taken from a subject which is a “human”. As evidenced by paragraph [00496] of the instant specification as filed on 3/14/2022, the dynamic range for all proteins in “human plasma” is estimated to span “more than 10 orders of magnitude”.); b) a first fluidic medium comprising a first plurality of binding reagents (e.g., first set of affinity reagents), wherein binding reagents of the first plurality of binding reagents are configured to provide a first optical signal (e.g., via an “identifiable tag” such as a “fluorescent tag”), and wherein the first fluidic medium is deliverable to the solid support (see paragraphs [0004] and [0009]); c) a second fluidic medium comprising a second plurality of binding reagents (e.g., nth set of affinity reagents), wherein binding reagents of the second plurality of binding reagents are configured to provide a second optical signal (e.g., via an “identifiable tag” such as a “fluorescent tag”), wherein the second optical signal is distinguishable from the first optical signal, and wherein the second fluidic medium is deliverable to the solid support (see paragraphs [0004] and [0009]); and d) an optical detector, wherein the optical detector is configured to detect at each individual site of the plurality of sites a presence or an absence of a first optical signal from a binding reagent of the first plurality of binding reagents, and wherein the optical detector is configured to detect at each individual site of the plurality of sites a presence or an absence of a second optical signal from a binding reagent of the second plurality of binding reagents (see paragraphs [0023], [00125]-[00126] and [00153]). Regarding claim 215 The system according to Mallick, wherein the sites of the plurality of sites are separated by at least 500 nanometers (see paragraph [0072]). Regarding claim 216 The system according to Mallick, further comprising a processor that is configured to receive measurements of the presences or absences of the first optical signals and the second optical signals for each site of the plurality of sites from the optical detector (see paragraphs [00126]-[00127] and [00215]-[00216]). Regarding claim 217 The system according to Mallick, wherein the processor is configured to characterize the polypeptide at each site of the plurality of sites based upon the measurements of the presences or absences of the first optical signals and the second optical signals for each site of the plurality of sites from the optical detector (see paragraphs [00126]-[00127] and [00215]-[00216]; Figures 1-2). Regarding claim 218 The system according to Mallick, wherein characterizing each polypeptide at each site of the plurality of sites comprises identifying each polypeptide at each site of the plurality of sites (see Figures 1-2). Regarding claims 219-220 The system according to Mallick, wherein characterizing each polypeptide at each site of the plurality of sites further comprises quantifying the polypeptides attached to the solid support (see paragraphs [0009] and [00214]; Figures 1-2), wherein the quantifying would necessarily provide the dynamic range of the first polypeptide species and the second polypeptide species. Regarding claim 221 The system according to Mallick, wherein the algorithm comprises a machine learning algorithm (see paragraphs [00134]-[00136] and [00158]). Regarding claim 222 The system according to Mallick, wherein the solid support comprises a material selected from the group consisting of ceramic, glass, polymer, and semiconductor (see paragraphs [0071] and [0078]). Regarding claim 223 The system according to Mallick, wherein the solid support further comprises a layer disposed upon the material (see paragraph [0078]). Regarding claim 224 The system according to Mallick, wherein the layer comprises a metal or metal oxide (see paragraphs [0071] and [0078]). Regarding claim 225 The system according to Mallick, wherein the layer has a thickness of at least 10 nanometers (see paragraphs [0071]-[0078]). Regarding claim 226 The system according to Mallick, wherein the layer comprises a plurality of wells, wherein each well of the plurality of wells individually comprises a site of the plurality of sites (see paragraph [0061], [0071]-[0071] and [0074]-[0077]). Regarding claim 227 The system according to Mallick, wherein the plurality of sites of the solid support is attached to a plurality of particles (see paragraphs [0070], [0074] and [0081]-[0082]). Regarding claim 228 The system according to Mallick, wherein each site of the plurality of sites is attached to only one particle of the plurality of particles (see paragraphs [0070], [0074] and [0081]-[0082]). Regarding claim 229 The system according to Mallick, wherein the only one particle is attached to the only one polypeptide (see paragraphs [0070], [0074] and [0081]-[0082]). Regarding claim 230 The system according to Mallick, wherein a particle of the plurality of particles comprises a nucleic acid nanostructure (see paragraphs [0081]-[0082]). Regarding claim 231 The system according to Mallick, wherein the only one polypeptide is attached to a linking moiety of the nucleic acid nanostructure (see paragraphs [0080]-[0082]). Regarding claim 233 The system according to Mallick, wherein the only one particle comprises a surface-interacting moiety (see paragraphs [0070], [0074] and [0081]-[0082]). Regarding claim 234 The system according to Mallick, wherein the surface-interacting moiety comprises an inorganic nanoparticle, a carbon nanoparticle, a polymer nanoparticle, or a biopolymer (see paragraphs [0070], [0074] and [0081]-[0082]). Regarding claim 235 The system according to Mallick, wherein the optical detector comprises a time delay integration (TDI) device, a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) detector, an avalanche photodiode (APD) detector, a Geiger-mode photon counter, a photomultiplier tube (PMT), a charge injection device (CID) sensor, or a JOT image sensor (see paragraphs [00206]). Regarding claims 236-237 The system according to Mallick, wherein the system further comprises a light-emitting source, wherein the light-emitting source comprises a laser, a light-emitting diode (LED), or a lamp from one of the various types of detectors (see paragraphs [00114], [00126] and [00128]). Regarding claims 238-239 The system according to Mallick, wherein the binding reagents of the first plurality of binding reagents have a binding specificity for the first polypeptide species, and wherein the binding reagents of the second plurality of binding reagents have a binding specificity for the second polypeptide species (see the whole document, e.g., paragraphs [0047] and [0095]-[0098]; Figure 6). Regarding claim 240 The system according to Mallick, wherein a binding reagent of the first plurality of binding reagents or the second plurality of binding reagents comprises an antibody or an antibody fragment (see paragraphs [0095] and [0097]). Regarding claim 243 Mallick teaches, throughout the whole document, a system, comprising: a) a solid support comprising a plurality of wells, wherein a plurality of polypeptides is immobilized in the plurality of wells of the solid support, wherein each well is attached to only one polypeptide of the plurality of polypeptides, wherein the plurality of polypeptides comprises a first polypeptide species and a second polypeptide species (see paragraph [0004]: “…method comprises obtaining a substrate with portions of one or more proteins conjugated to the substrate such that each individual protein molecule has a unique, resolvable, spatial address. In some cases, each individual protein molecule may have a unique, optically resolvable, spatial address”; paragraph [0070]: “…proteins may be conjugated to beads (e.g., one protein per bead) and the beads may be captured on a surface (e.g. in microwells and/or nanowells)”; paragraph [0074]: “…proteins may be conjugated to beads (e.g., one protein per bead) and the beads may be captured on a surface (e.g. in microwells and/or nanowells).”), and wherein the first polypeptide species and the second polypeptide species have a dynamic range of at least 104 with respect to each other (see paragraph [0049] disclosing that the sample containing the proteins can be “blood plasma” and paragraph [0053] disclosing that the sample may be taken from a subject which is a “human”. As evidenced by paragraph [00496] of the instant specification as filed on 3/14/2022, the dynamic range for all proteins in “human plasma” is estimated to span “more than 10 orders of magnitude”.); b) a first fluidic medium comprising a first plurality of binding reagents (e.g., first set of affinity reagents), wherein binding reagents of the first plurality of binding reagents are configured to provide a first optical signal (e.g., via an “identifiable tag” such as a “fluorescent tag”), and wherein the first fluidic medium is deliverable to the solid support (see paragraphs [0004] and [0009]); c) a second fluidic medium comprising a second plurality of binding reagents (e.g., nth set of affinity reagents), wherein binding reagents of the second plurality of binding reagents are configured to provide a second optical signal (e.g., via an “identifiable tag” such as a “fluorescent tag”), wherein the second optical signal is distinguishable from the first optical signal, and wherein the second fluidic medium is deliverable to the solid support (see paragraphs [0004] and [0009]); and d) an optical detector, wherein the optical detector is configured to detect at each individual site of the plurality of sites a presence or an absence of a first optical signal from a binding reagent of the first plurality of binding reagents, and wherein the optical detector is configured to detect at each individual site of the plurality of sites a presence or an absence of a second optical signal from a binding reagent of the second plurality of binding reagents (see paragraphs [0023], [00125]-[00126] and [00153]). Conclusion 17. No claim is allowed. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to KAIJIANG ZHANG whose telephone number is (571)272-5207. The examiner can normally be reached Monday - Friday, 8:30 am - 5 pm. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Heather Calamita can be reached at 571-272-2876. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /KAIJIANG ZHANG/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 1684
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Mar 14, 2022
Application Filed
Mar 14, 2022
Response after Non-Final Action
Jun 15, 2022
Response after Non-Final Action
Feb 07, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §101, §102, §112
Apr 14, 2026
Interview Requested

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

Patent 12600961
METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR DROPLET-BASED SINGLE CELL BARCODING
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 14, 2026
Patent 12595500
HIGH EFFICIENCY, SMALL VOLUME NUCLEIC ACID SYNTHESIS
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 07, 2026
Patent 12584169
COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR IMPROVING SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION IN INDEXED NUCLEIC ACID LIBRARIES
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 24, 2026
Patent 12584170
METHOD OF NANOPORE SEQUENCING OF CONCATENATED NUCLEIC ACIDS
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 24, 2026
Patent 12571036
METHODS, DEVICES, AND SYSTEMS FOR ANALYTE DETECTION AND ANALYSIS
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 10, 2026
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

AI Strategy Recommendation

Get an AI-powered prosecution strategy using examiner precedents, rejection analysis, and claim mapping.
Powered by AI — typically takes 5-10 seconds

Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
76%
Grant Probability
99%
With Interview (+35.5%)
2y 11m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 678 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

Sign in with your work email

Enter your email to receive a magic link. No password needed.

Personal email addresses (Gmail, Yahoo, etc.) are not accepted.

Free tier: 3 strategy analyses per month