Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 17/776,922

METHODS OF INDUCING OR ENHANCING FARNESOID X RECEPTOR (FXR)-MEDIATED TRANSCRIPTIONAL RESPONSE

Non-Final OA §103
Filed
May 13, 2022
Examiner
CHANDRAKUMAR, NIZAL S
Art Unit
1625
Tech Center
1600 — Biotechnology & Organic Chemistry
Assignee
Yale University
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
73%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
2y 4m
To Grant
91%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 73% — above average
73%
Career Allow Rate
1273 granted / 1752 resolved
+12.7% vs TC avg
Strong +18% interview lift
Without
With
+17.9%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 4m
Avg Prosecution
76 currently pending
Career history
1828
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
1.1%
-38.9% vs TC avg
§103
30.0%
-10.0% vs TC avg
§102
12.0%
-28.0% vs TC avg
§112
35.3%
-4.7% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 1752 resolved cases

Office Action

§103
“ Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Election/Restrictions PNG media_image1.png 92 478 media_image1.png Greyscale Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claim(s) 1-12 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Hu WO2017088213, Wang, Nat. Prod. Bioprospect. (2015) 5:237–246, Geethangili, Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2011, Article ID 212641, 1-17. Wang teaches compounds antcin compound from Antrodia cinnamomea. See page compounds of instant claim 3 in Fig 1 (first structures) at page 239. According to Wang, page 238 column A, Antrodia cinnamomea (or A. camphorata, Polyporaceae family, known as ‘‘Niu-Chang-Chih’’ in Chinese) is a precious medicinal mushroom. It has been reported to exhibit anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenesis, liver protection and radioprotection activities. Hu discloses a method of treating a liver disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof (machine translation - pg. 2, In 60-62: treatment of drug-induced liver injury), the method comprising: administering (pg. 4, In 158-159: oral administration) to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of antcin H in preparing drugs for treating and preventing drug-induced liver injury (see Abstract). For structure of antcin compounds see pages, 2, 4, 8, 9. Geethangili reference is Review of Pharmacological Effects of Antrodia camphorata and Its Bioactive Compounds. The bioactive compounds pictured at page 4 Table include the instantly pictured compounds. Starting at page 3, column A, Geethangili teaches the plethora of possible diseases (see claim 5) that could be treated with the said compounds. Claims 6-10 could also be interpreted as being drawn to dose(s) of vaguely defined compounds. For example, claim 6 is drawn to the known biological property of the endogenous bile acid (CDCA is selectively activates the orphan nuclear receptor, see Wong, Volume 3, Issue 5, May 1999, Pages 543-553; also see Stephen B. Hulley, Designing Clinical Research, 4th Edition, pages 1-367, 2013. These references are not in the rejection statement because these are well-known and therefore regarded as being within the purview of one of skill in the art). As such the difference between the prior art teaching and instantly claimed method is in the language relating to FXR and other biological property (see claim 1, 6-8). The position taken is that the above difference relates to the inherent property of the compounds from Antrodia cinnamomea. As per disclosure the compounds such as the ones of claim 3 are useful for treating any and all diseases selected from selected from a liver disease, obesity, diabetes, diarrhea, abdominal pain, hypertension, itchy skin, liver cancer, hepatitis, biliary cholangitis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, inflammation, and fibrosis. The cited reference independently teach that these compounds are known to be useful for treating these diseases As per MPEP 2112 Requirements of Rejection Based on Inherency; Burden of Proof [R-10.2019], "[T]he discovery of a previously unappreciated property of a prior art composition, or of a scientific explanation for the prior art’s functioning, does not render the old composition patentably new to the discoverer." Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to NIZAL S CHANDRAKUMAR whose telephone number is (571)272-6202. The examiner can normally be reached M-F 8-5 EST. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Andrew Kosar can be reached at (571) 272-0913. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /NIZAL S CHANDRAKUMAR/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 1625
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Prosecution Timeline

May 13, 2022
Application Filed
Nov 05, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §103 (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
73%
Grant Probability
91%
With Interview (+17.9%)
2y 4m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 1752 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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