Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 17/801,684

EPI-X4 BASED PEPTIDES AND DERIVATIVES THEREOF

Non-Final OA §103
Filed
Aug 23, 2022
Examiner
MIKNIS, ZACHARY J
Art Unit
1658
Tech Center
1600 — Biotechnology & Organic Chemistry
Assignee
UNIVERSITAET DUISBURG-ESSEN
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
69%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
2y 9m
To Grant
99%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 69% — above average
69%
Career Allow Rate
433 granted / 630 resolved
+8.7% vs TC avg
Strong +32% interview lift
Without
With
+32.5%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 9m
Avg Prosecution
23 currently pending
Career history
653
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
5.3%
-34.7% vs TC avg
§103
29.4%
-10.6% vs TC avg
§102
16.5%
-23.5% vs TC avg
§112
28.3%
-11.7% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 630 resolved cases

Office Action

§103
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Status of the Application The claims of 1 December 2022 are entered. The election of 16 September 2025 is entered. Claims 2-9, 12, and 15 have been canceled. Claims 1, 10, 11, 13, 14, and 16-32 are pending. Claims 13, 14, and 16-32 are withdrawn without traverse. Claims 1, 10, and 11 are being examined on the merits. Election/Restrictions Applicant’s election of Group I (claims 1, 10, and 11) and SEQ ID NO: 95 in the reply filed on 14 September 2025 is acknowledged. Because applicant did not distinctly and specifically point out the supposed errors in the restriction requirement, the election has been treated as an election without traverse (MPEP § 818.01(a)). Claims 13, 14, and 16-32 are withdrawn from further consideration pursuant to 37 CFR 1.142(b) as being drawn to a nonelected invention, there being no allowable generic or linking claim. Election was made without traverse in the reply filed on 14 September 2025. A search of SEQ ID NO: 95 as elected indicated that it is free of the prior art. In accordance with MPEP 803.02 III. A. the search was extended to non-elected species, a rejection for which is provided below. Drawings The drawings are objected to because Figure 2 fails to comply with the sequence disclosure requirements of 37 C.F.R. 1.821-1.825, as the disclosed sequences all lack a sequence identifier. Corrected drawing sheets in compliance with 37 CFR 1.121(d) are required in reply to the Office action to avoid abandonment of the application. Any amended replacement drawing sheet should include all of the figures appearing on the immediate prior version of the sheet, even if only one figure is being amended. The figure or figure number of an amended drawing should not be labeled as “amended.” If a drawing figure is to be canceled, the appropriate figure must be removed from the replacement sheet, and where necessary, the remaining figures must be renumbered and appropriate changes made to the brief description of the several views of the drawings for consistency. Additional replacement sheets may be necessary to show the renumbering of the remaining figures. Each drawing sheet submitted after the filing date of an application must be labeled in the top margin as either “Replacement Sheet” or “New Sheet” pursuant to 37 CFR 1.121(d). If the changes are not accepted by the examiner, the applicant will be notified and informed of any required corrective action in the next Office action. The objection to the drawings will not be held in abeyance. Nucleotide and/or Amino Acid Sequence Disclosures Summary of Requirements for Patent Applications Filed On Or After July 1, 2022, That Have Sequence Disclosures 37 CFR 1.831(a) requires that patent applications which contain disclosures of nucleotide and/or amino acid sequences that fall within the definitions of 37 CFR 1.831(b) must contain a “Sequence Listing XML”, as a separate part of the disclosure, which presents the nucleotide and/or amino acid sequences and associated information using the symbols and format in accordance with the requirements of 37 CFR 1.831-1.835. This “Sequence Listing XML” part of the disclosure may be submitted: 1. In accordance with 37 CFR 1.831(a) using the symbols and format requirements of 37 CFR 1.832 through 1.834 via the USPTO patent electronic filing system (see Section I.1 of the Legal Framework for Patent Electronic System (https://www.uspto.gov/PatentLegalFramework), hereinafter “Legal Framework”) in XML format, together with an incorporation by reference statement of the material in the XML file in a separate paragraph of the specification (an incorporation by reference paragraph) as required by 37 CFR 1.835(a)(2) or 1.835(b)(2) identifying: a. the name of the XML file b. the date of creation; and c. the size of the XML file in bytes; or 2. In accordance with 37 CFR 1.831(a) using the symbols and format requirements of 37 CFR 1.832 through 1.834 on read-only optical disc(s) as permitted by 37 CFR 1.52(e)(1)(ii), labeled according to 37 CFR 1.52(e)(5), with an incorporation by reference statement of the material in the XML format according to 37 CFR 1.52(e)(8) and 37 CFR 1.835(a)(2) or 1.835(b)(2) in a separate paragraph of the specification identifying: a. the name of the XML file; b. the date of creation; and c. the size of the XML file in bytes. SPECIFIC DEFICIENCIES AND THE REQUIRED RESPONSE TO THIS NOTICE ARE AS FOLLOWS: Specific deficiency - Sequences appearing in the drawings are not identified by sequence identifiers in accordance with 37 CFR 1.831(c). Sequence identifiers for sequences (i.e., “SEQ ID NO:X” or the like) must appear either in the drawings or in the Brief Description of the Drawings. See Figure 2. Required response – Applicant must provide: Amended drawings in accordance with 37 CFR 1.121(d) inserting the required sequence identifiers; AND/OR A substitute specification in compliance with 37 CFR 1.52, 1.121(b)(3), and 1.125 inserting the required sequence identifiers (i.e., “SEQ ID NO:X” or the like) into the Brief Description of the Drawings, consisting of: • A copy of the previously-submitted specification, with deletions shown with strikethrough or brackets and insertions shown with underlining (marked-up version); • A copy of the amended specification without markings (clean version); and • A statement that the substitute specification contains no new matter. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis (i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA ) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. The factual inquiries for establishing a background for determining obviousness under 35 U.S.C. 103 are summarized as follows: 1. Determining the scope and contents of the prior art. 2. Ascertaining the differences between the prior art and the claims at issue. 3. Resolving the level of ordinary skill in the pertinent art. 4. Considering objective evidence present in the application indicating obviousness or nonobviousness. This application currently names joint inventors. In considering patentability of the claims the examiner presumes that the subject matter of the various claims was commonly owned as of the effective filing date of the claimed invention(s) absent any evidence to the contrary. Applicant is advised of the obligation under 37 CFR 1.56 to point out the inventor and effective filing dates of each claim that was not commonly owned as of the effective filing date of the later invention in order for the examiner to consider the applicability of 35 U.S.C. 102(b)(2)(C) for any potential 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(2) prior art against the later invention. Claims 1, 10, and 11 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Forssmann W (WO 2019/048666 A1, published 14 March 2019, filed 10 September 2018, as cited on IDS of 20 March 2023, hereafter referred to as ‘666). The ‘666 application discloses a peptide ILRWSRKLPCVS (see e.g. claim 2). ‘666 further discloses that the peptide can be modified at single amino acid positions (see e.g. claim 3). Modifications can include phosphorylation, amidation, acetylation, glycosylation, PEGylation, HESylation, and D-amino acid inclusion (see e.g. claims 4 and 5). The difference between ‘666 and the claimed invention is that ‘666 does not explicitly disclose any species of modified peptides. It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art to prepare Ac-ILRWSRKLPCVS based upon the disclosure of ‘666 and in doing so arrive at the same peptide as claimed in SEQ ID NO: 82. The rationale comes from ‘666 disclosing the base peptide and additionally suggesting modifications including acetylation, which reasonably leads to SEQ ID NO: 82. There would have been a reasonable expectation of success because acetylation is a common chemical modification of peptides that is directly suggested by ‘666 as a modifier for its claimed peptides. The invention would have been prima facie obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. With respect to claim 10, the sequence of Ac-ILRWSRKLPCVS is such that the exposed cysteine residues would naturally form a disulfide bridge with another copy of the same peptide, resulting in a peptide consisting of two identical monomers linked by a disulfide bridge. With respect to claim 11, ‘666 discloses compositions in the form of a medicament with a carrier for direct administration (see e.g. claims 7 and 8). Conclusion No claims are allowed. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to ZACHARY J MIKNIS whose telephone number is (571)272-7008. The examiner can normally be reached M-F 9-5. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Melissa Fisher can be reached at (571) 270-7430. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /ZACHARY J MIKNIS/Patent Examiner, Art Unit 1658
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Aug 23, 2022
Application Filed
Dec 31, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §103 (current)

Precedent Cases

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
69%
Grant Probability
99%
With Interview (+32.5%)
2y 9m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 630 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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