Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 17/879,923

6-MEMBERED AZA-HETEROCYCLIC CONTAINING DELTA-OPIOID RECEPTOR MODULATING COMPOUNDS, METHODS OF USING AND MAKING THE SAME

Non-Final OA §102§DP
Filed
Aug 03, 2022
Examiner
JAVANMARD, SAHAR
Art Unit
1622
Tech Center
1600 — Biotechnology & Organic Chemistry
Assignee
Trevena, Inc.
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
65%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
2y 10m
To Grant
99%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 65% — above average
65%
Career Allow Rate
475 granted / 728 resolved
+5.2% vs TC avg
Strong +35% interview lift
Without
With
+35.4%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 10m
Avg Prosecution
32 currently pending
Career history
760
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
0.9%
-39.1% vs TC avg
§103
45.3%
+5.3% vs TC avg
§102
13.8%
-26.2% vs TC avg
§112
16.3%
-23.7% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 728 resolved cases

Office Action

§102 §DP
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Status of the Application This Office Action is in response to Applicant's Restriction Requirement remarks filed on August 25, 2025. Claim(s) 176-188, 193, and 194 are pending. Claim(s) 179, 182, 186, 187, and 189-192 are withdrawn from further consideration pursuant to 37 CFR 1.142(b) as being drawn to a nonelected invention, there being no allowable generic or linking claim. Applicant's election of Group I drawn to a compound of formula I and election of species of: PNG media_image1.png 234 287 media_image1.png Greyscale , without traverse of the restriction requirement in the reply is acknowledged. The requirement is deemed proper and is therefore made FINAL. Claim(s) 176-178, 180, 181, 183-185, 188, 193, and 194 are examined herein insofar as they read on the elected invention and species. The elected species was found free of the art, therefore the search was expanded to a genus encompassing the elected specie. Double Patenting The nonstatutory double patenting rejection is based on a judicially created doctrine grounded in public policy (a policy reflected in the statute) so as to prevent the unjustified or improper timewise extension of the “right to exclude” granted by a patent and to prevent possible harassment by multiple assignees. A nonstatutory double patenting rejection is appropriate where the claims at issue are not identical, but at least one examined application claim is not patentably distinct from the reference claim(s) because the examined application claim is either anticipated by, or would have been obvious over, the reference claim(s). See, e.g., In re Berg, 140 F.3d 1428, 46 USPQ2d 1226 (Fed. Cir. 1998); In re Goodman, 11 F.3d 1046, 29 USPQ2d 2010 (Fed. Cir. 1993); In re Longi, 759 F.2d 887, 225 USPQ 645 (Fed. Cir. 1985); In re Van Ornum, 686 F.2d 937, 214 USPQ 761 (CCPA 1982); In re Vogel, 422 F.2d 438, 164 USPQ 619 (CCPA 1970); and In re Thorington, 418 F.2d 528, 163 USPQ 644 (CCPA 1969). A timely filed terminal disclaimer in compliance with 37 CFR 1.321(c) or 1.321(d) may be used to overcome an actual or provisional rejection based on a nonstatutory double patenting ground provided the reference application or patent either is shown to be commonly owned with this application, or claims an invention made as a result of activities undertaken within the scope of a joint research agreement. A terminal disclaimer must be signed in compliance with 37 CFR 1.321(b). The USPTO internet Web site contains terminal disclaimer forms which may be used. Please visit http://www.uspto.gov/forms/. The filing date of the application will determine what form should be used. A web-based eTerminal Disclaimer may be filled out completely online using web-screens. An eTerminal Disclaimer that meets all requirements is auto-processed and approved immediately upon submission. For more information about eTerminal Disclaimers, refer to http://www.uspto.gov/patents/process/file/efs/guidance/eTD-info-I.jsp. Claims 176-178, 180, 181, 183-185, 188, 193, and 194 are rejected on the ground of nonstatutory obviousness-type double patenting as being unpatentable over claims 1-18 of U.S. Patent No. 10,246,436. Although the conflicting claims are not identical, they are not patentably distinct from each other because the instant claims are to compounds of formula I and pharmaceutical compositions thereof. The patented claims are drawn to a specific compound that is embraced by Formula I of the instant invention. Claims 1-4 and 15-18 of the patented claims are drawn to said compound and the compositions thereof. Claims 5-14 are drawn to methods of treatment thereof. While the instant claims are product claims, they must have utility as they are intended to result in utility patents. In order to understand the utility of the compounds, Examiner went to the specification for guidance. Since the scope of the composition of the instant invention encompasses the composition of said patent and their utilities are the same, then the instant application is obvious over said patent. Claims 176-178, 180, 181, 183-185, 188, 193, and 194 are rejected on the ground of nonstatutory obviousness-type double patenting as being unpatentable over claims 1-16 of U.S. Patent No. 11,465,980. Although the conflicting claims are not identical, they are not patentably distinct from each other because the instant claims are to compounds of formula I and pharmaceutical compositions thereof. The patented claims are drawn to a specific compound that is embraced by Formula I of the instant invention. Claims 1-13 and 16 of the patented claims are drawn to said compound and the compositions thereof. Claims 14-15 are drawn to methods of treatment thereof. While the instant claims are product claims, they must have utility as they are intended to result in utility patents. In order to understand the utility of the compounds, Examiner went to the specification for guidance. Since the scope of the composition of the instant invention encompasses the composition of said patent and their utilities are the same, then the instant application is obvious over said patent. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claims 176-178, 180, 181, 183-185, 188, 193, and 194 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102 (a)(1) as being anticipated by Homan (Molecular Pharmacology, 2013) of record. Homan discloses a structural and functional analysis of G protein-coupled receptor kinase inhibition by paroxetine and a rationally designed compound, CCG-205584 (page 238, Figure 1) and pharmaceutical compositions thereof (page 239, column 1, 1st full paragraph): PNG media_image2.png 163 246 media_image2.png Greyscale . Compound CCG-206584 is a compound of Formula I as claimed in the instant claim 1 and pharmaceutical compositions thereof (instant claim 34), or Formula V as claimed in the instant claim 2, wherein Z is O (instant claim 8); R41 absent (instant claim 10); one of R36 or R37 is hydrogen and the other is F (instant claim 11); q is 0 (instant claim 16); R61 is H (instant claim 25); R35 is H and R34 is: PNG media_image3.png 222 325 media_image3.png Greyscale wherein Xa is C; R39 is H; R40 is H; and R42 is H (instant claim 22). Therefore, based on the foregoing reasons, the instant claims are deemed anticipated over the cited art. Claims 176-178, 180, 181, 183-185, 188, 193, and 194 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102 (a)(1) as being anticipated by Larsen (WO 2016/210403) of record. Larsen teaches a compound of Formula I and pharmaceutical compositions thereof (claim 1): PNG media_image4.png 112 264 media_image4.png Greyscale PNG media_image5.png 382 510 media_image5.png Greyscale Larsen specifically teaches (claim 41; [0019]): PNG media_image6.png 154 214 media_image6.png Greyscale PNG media_image7.png 234 224 media_image7.png Greyscale PNG media_image8.png 174 282 media_image8.png Greyscale PNG media_image9.png 156 266 media_image9.png Greyscale Based on the foregoing reasons, the instant claims are deemed anticipated over the cited art. Claims 176-178, 180, 181, 183-185, 188, 193, and 194 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102 (a)(1) as being anticipated by Patil (Indian Drugs, 1998). Patil teaches compounds of formula I and pharmaceutical compositions thereof. PNG media_image10.png 269 468 media_image10.png Greyscale Based on the foregoing reasons, the instant claims are deemed anticipated over the cited art. Conclusion Claims 176-178, 180, 181, 183-185, 188, 193, and 194 are not allowed. Information regarding the status of an application may be obtained from the Patent Application Information Retrieval (PAIR) system. Status information for published applications may be obtained from either Private PAIR or Public PAIR. Status information for unpublished applications is available through Private PAIR only. For more information about the PAIR system, see http://pair-direct.uspto.gov. Should you have questions on access to the Private PAIR system, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative or access to the automated information system, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to SAHAR JAVANMARD whose telephone number is (571)270-3280. The examiner can normally be reached on Monday-Friday, 9:00-5:00 EST. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, James Acevedo-Alstrum can be reached on 571-272-5548. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. /SAHAR JAVANMARD/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 1627
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Aug 03, 2022
Application Filed
Sep 30, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §102, §DP (current)

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

Patent 12594252
Methods for treating inflammatory skin conditions
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 07, 2026
Patent 12594256
A19-144, A2-73 and Certain Anticholinesterase Inhibitor Compositions and Method for Anti-Seizure Therapy
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 07, 2026
Patent 12594281
PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS AND METHODS OF USE
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 07, 2026
Patent 12582648
METHOD FOR TREATING CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS USING DOPAMINE D3 PARTIAL AGONISTS
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 24, 2026
Patent 12569455
THERAPEUTIC AGENT FOR MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS/CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 10, 2026
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

AI Strategy Recommendation

Get an AI-powered prosecution strategy using examiner precedents, rejection analysis, and claim mapping.
Powered by AI — typically takes 5-10 seconds

Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
65%
Grant Probability
99%
With Interview (+35.4%)
2y 10m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 728 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

Sign in with your work email

Enter your email to receive a magic link. No password needed.

Personal email addresses (Gmail, Yahoo, etc.) are not accepted.

Free tier: 3 strategy analyses per month