DETAILED ACTION
This communication is responsive to applicant’s response filed under 37 C.F.R §1.111 in response to a non-final office action. Claim(s) 1-2, 4-5, 9-12, 17, and 22-25 have been amended; Claims 3 have been canceled; No Claim(s) have been added. Claim(s) 1-2 and 4-25 are subject to examination.
Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status
The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA .
Response to Arguments
Applicant’s arguments, see Remarks, filed 05/31/2026, with respect to the rejection(s) of claim(s) 1-2 and 4-25 under 35 U.S.C. 102/103 have been fully considered and are persuasive. Therefore, the rejection has been withdrawn. However, upon further consideration, a new ground(s) of rejection is made in view of RAGHAVAN et al. (US 20180115958 A1).
Claim Interpretation
The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112(f):
(f) Element in Claim for a Combination. – An element in a claim for a combination may be expressed as a means or step for performing a specified function without the recital of structure, material, or acts in support thereof, and such claim shall be construed to cover the corresponding structure, material, or acts described in the specification and equivalents thereof.
The following is a quotation of pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, sixth paragraph:
An element in a claim for a combination may be expressed as a means or step for performing a specified function without the recital of structure, material, or acts in support thereof, and such claim shall be construed to cover the corresponding structure, material, or acts described in the specification and equivalents thereof.
The claims in this application are given their broadest reasonable interpretation using the plain meaning of the claim language in light of the specification as it would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The broadest reasonable interpretation of a claim element (also commonly referred to as a claim limitation) is limited by the description in the specification when 35 U.S.C. 112(f) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, sixth paragraph, is invoked.
As explained in MPEP § 2181, subsection I, claim limitations that meet the following three-prong test will be interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, sixth paragraph:
(A) the claim limitation uses the term “means” or “step” or a term used as a substitute for “means” that is a generic placeholder (also called a nonce term or a non-structural term having no specific structural meaning) for performing the claimed function;
(B) the term “means” or “step” or the generic placeholder is modified by functional language, typically, but not always linked by the transition word “for” (e.g., “means for”) or another linking word or phrase, such as “configured to” or “so that”; and
(C) the term “means” or “step” or the generic placeholder is not modified by sufficient structure, material, or acts for performing the claimed function.
Use of the word “means” (or “step”) in a claim with functional language creates a rebuttable presumption that the claim limitation is to be treated in accordance with 35 U.S.C. 112(f) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, sixth paragraph. The presumption that the claim limitation is interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, sixth paragraph, is rebutted when the claim limitation recites sufficient structure, material, or acts to entirely perform the recited function.
Absence of the word “means” (or “step”) in a claim creates a rebuttable presumption that the claim limitation is not to be treated in accordance with 35 U.S.C. 112(f) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, sixth paragraph. The presumption that the claim limitation is not interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, sixth paragraph, is rebutted when the claim limitation recites function without reciting sufficient structure, material or acts to entirely perform the recited function.
Claim limitations in this application that use the word “means” (or “step”) are being interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, sixth paragraph, except as otherwise indicated in an Office action. Conversely, claim limitations in this application that do not use the word “means” (or “step”) are not being interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, sixth paragraph, except as otherwise indicated in an Office action.
This application includes one or more claim limitations that use the word “means,” and are being interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, sixth paragraph, because the claim limitation(s) uses a generic placeholder that is coupled with functional language without reciting sufficient structure to perform the recited function and the generic placeholder is not preceded by a structural modifier. Such claim limitation(s) is/are: “means for identifying…and mean for causing the wireless communication device to…” in claim 24 and “means for causing the wireless communication device to operate…” in claim 25.
Because this/these claim limitation(s) is/are being interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, sixth paragraph, it/they is/are being interpreted to cover the corresponding structure described in the specification as performing the claimed function, and equivalents thereof.
If applicant does not intend to have this/these limitation(s) interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, sixth paragraph, applicant may: (1) amend the claim limitation(s) to avoid it/them being interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, sixth paragraph (e.g., by reciting sufficient structure to perform the claimed function); or (2) present a sufficient showing that the claim limitation(s) recite(s) sufficient structure to perform the claimed function so as to avoid it/them being interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, sixth paragraph.
Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103
The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action:
A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made.
Claim(s) 1, 4-5, 8-9, 16, 18-22, and 24 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over PEFKIANAKIS et al. (US 20190069208 A1) (see 892 04/10/2026), hereby referred to as PEFK, in view of RAGHAVAN et al. (US 20180115958 A1), hereby referred to as RAGHAVAN.
Claim 1:
PEFK teaches an apparatus comprising logic and circuitry configured to cause a wireless communication device (PEFK: FIG. 1 the apparatus being a wireless communication device) to: identify a link block event comprising a line of sight (LoS) blocking of a millimeterWave (mmWave) wireless communication link between a mmWave wireless communication station (STA) of the wireless communication device and an other wireless communication device (PEFK: FIG. 1 wherein the wireless communication device is a wireless STA capable of mmW with other wireless devices and FIG. 3 item 328 (“Proactively identifying a Line-of-Sight (LOS) blockage of a Network signal transmitted on a millimeter-wave link based on a difference between the first SNR and the second SNR, wherein the difference exceeds a predetermined threshold”) wherein LOS is identified in mmWave link between wireless devices); and based on the link block event comprising the LoS blocking of the mmWave wireless communication link, operate a sub 10 Gigahertz (GHz) (sub-10GHz) STA of the wireless communication device to transmit to the other wireless communication device over a sub-10GHz (PEFK: FIG. 3 item 320 (“Rerouting Network Traffic From The Millimeter-Wave Link to the WLAN transmission channel in response to identifying the LOS blockage of the Network Signal”) and para 38 (“…the WLAN transmission channel can include…2.4 GHz, 3.6 GHz, 4.9 GHz, 5 GHz, and 5.9 GHz bands.”) wherein communication is switched to sub-10GHz, wherein the wireless device is a sub-10GHz STA as it can communicate in such bands).
However, PEFK does not explicitly disclose transmitting Beamforming (BF) information.
RAGHAVAN, in the same field of endeavor, teaches transmitting Beamforming (BF) information (RAGHAVAN: para 126 (“…having a low frequency…such as an LTE channel and/or a sub-6 GHz…”) and para 139-140 (“The mmW network map 560 may indicate one or more UE antenna components and/or base station antenna components…the server may transmit the mmW network map to the at least one UE…via the at least one base station…via…a low-frequency coexisting channel…”) wherein information for BF such as antenna information is transmitted via sub-10GHz channel).
It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art, before the effective filing date, to have modified PEFK with RAGHAVAN, the combination hereby referred to as PEFK-RAG, for the benefit of compensating for high path loss for seamless and continuous coverage (RAGHAVAN: para 5).
Claim 4:
PEFK-RAG teaches the apparatus of claim 1, wherein the BF information comprises an indication of a BF configuration for a subsequent transmission over the mmWave wireless communication link (RAGHAVAN: para 2 (“(mmW) network map for use in beamforming procedure.”), para 126 (“…having a low frequency…such as an LTE channel and/or a sub-6 GHz…”) and para 139-140 (“The mmW network map 560 may indicate one or more UE antenna components and/or base station antenna components…the server may transmit the mmW network map to the at least one UE…via the at least one base station…via…a low-frequency coexisting channel…”) wherein information for BF such as antenna information is transmitted via sub-10GHz channel).
It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art, before the effective filing date, to have modified PEFK with RAGHAVAN, the combination hereby referred to as PEFK-RAG, for the benefit of compensating for high path loss for seamless and continuous coverage (RAGHAVAN: para 5).
Claim 5:
PEFK-RAG teaches the apparatus of claim 1, wherein the BF information comprises BF training setup information to setup one or more BF training windows for the mmWave wireless communication link (RAGHAVAN: para 120 (“…may perform beam training with each other to enable mmW…periodically transmit BRSs…”) and para 131 (“…the mmW network map 560 may be used for…beam training procedures…”) wherein mmW comprises BF training setup information to be used when setting up BF training windows).
It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art, before the effective filing date, to have modified PEFK with RAGHAVAN, the combination hereby referred to as PEFK-RAG, for the benefit of compensating for high path loss for seamless and continuous coverage (RAGHAVAN: para 5).
Claim 8:
PEFK-RAG teaches The apparatus of claim 1 configured to cause the wireless communication device to: identify the link block event based on an identified failure of a data transmission from the mmWave STA of the wireless communication device to the other wireless communication device (PEFK: FIG. 3 item 328 (“Proactively identifying a Line-of-Sight (LOS) blockage of a Network signal transmitted on a millimeter-wave link based on a difference between the first SNR and the second SNR, wherein the difference exceeds a predetermined threshold”) and para 8 (:…LOS may refer to a level of obstruction…”) wherein LOS is identified in mmWave link between wireless devices, and the amount of LOS blockage and/or SNR causing the switch is the failure of data transmission); and based on the link block event, operate the sub-I0GHz STA of the wireless communication device to transmit the data transmission to the other wireless communication device over the sub-10GHz wireless communication link (PEFK: FIG. 3 item 320 (“Rerouting Network Traffic From The Millimeter-Wave Link to the WLAN transmission channel in response to identifying the LOS blockage of the Network Signal”) and para 38 (“…the WLAN transmission channel can include…2.4 GHz, 3.6 GHz, 4.9 GHz, 5 GHz, and 5.9 GHz bands.”) wherein communication is switched to sub-10GHz, wherein the wireless device is a sub-10GHz STA as it can communicate in such bands).
Claim 9:
PEFK-RAG teaches the apparatus of claim 1 configured to cause the wireless communication device to: identify the link block event based on an identified failure to receive an expected data transmission from the other wireless communication device over the mmWave wireless communication link (PEFK: FIG. 3 item 328 (“Proactively identifying a Line-of-Sight (LOS) blockage of a Network signal transmitted on a millimeter-wave link based on a difference between the first SNR and the second SNR, wherein the difference exceeds a predetermined threshold”) and para 8 (:…LOS may refer to a level of obstruction…”) wherein the LOS blockage is based on a failure to receive expected data transmission below an expected SNR difference); and based on the link block event, operate the sub-10GHz STA of the wireless communication device to receive the data transmission from the other wireless communication device over the sub-10GHz wireless communication link (PEFK: FIG. 3 item 320 (“Rerouting Network Traffic From The Millimeter-Wave Link to the WLAN transmission channel in response to identifying the LOS blockage of the Network Signal”) and para 38 (“…the WLAN transmission channel can include…2.4 GHz, 3.6 GHz, 4.9 GHz, 5 GHz, and 5.9 GHz bands.”) wherein communication is switched to sub-10GHz, wherein the wireless device is a sub-10GHz STA as it can communicate in such bands).
Claim 16:
PEFK-RAG teaches the apparatus of claim 1, configured to cause the wireless communication device to identify the link block event based on an identified predefined change of a link condition corresponding to the mmWave wireless communication link (PEFK: FIG. 3 item 328 (“Proactively identifying a Line-of-Sight (LOS) blockage of a Network signal transmitted on a millimeter-wave link based on a difference between the first SNR and the second SNR, wherein the difference exceeds a predetermined threshold”) wherein the predefined change is the predetermined threshold).
Claim 18:
PEFK-RAG teaches the apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sub-10GHz wireless communication channel comprises a sub-7GHz channel (PEFK: para 38 (“…the WLAN transmission channel can include…2.4 GHz, 3.6 GHz, 4.9 GHz, 5 GHz, and 5.9 GHz bands.”) where these are sub-7GHz bands).
Claim 19:
PEFK-RAG teaches the apparatus of claim 1, wherein the mmWave wireless communication channel comprises a 60GHz channel (PEFK: para 1 (“…millimeter-wave range…such as 60 GHz standards…”)).
Claim 20:
PEFK-RAG teaches the apparatus of claim 1 comprising at least one radio to communicate over the mmWave wireless communication link and the sub-10GHz wireless communication link (PEFK FIG. 3 item 322-324 wherein mmWave and sub-10GHz are used for communication and measurement of SNR).
Claim 21:
PEFK-RAG teaches The apparatus of claim 20 comprising one or more antennas connected to the radio, and a processor to execute instructions of an operating system of the wireless communication device (PEFK: FIG. 3 item 330 wherein an antenna is inherently required to send network traffic and perform the method).
Claim 22:
PEFK teaches A product comprising one or more tangible computer-readable non-transitory storage media comprising computer-executable instructions operable to, when executed by at least one processor, enable the at least one processor to cause a wireless communication device (PEFK: FIG. 1 item 102 the processor and item 104 the storage with instructions).
Claim 24:
PEFK teaches an apparatus for a wireless communication device. For further limitations, see rejection for claim 1 above.
Claim(s) 2, 6-7, 10-12, 23, and 25 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over PEFK in view of RAGHAVAN, the combination hereby referred to as PEFK-RAG, and in further view of NAIK et al. (US 20230199641 A1) (see 892 12/03/2025), hereby referred to as NAIK.
Claim 2:
PEFK-RAG teaches the apparatus of claim 1, setup communication over the mmWave wireless communication link and setup communication over the sub-10GHz wireless communication link (PEFK: para 17 (“…SNR of the millimeter-wave link and the SNR of the WLAN transmission channel.”) wherein mmWave and WLAN/sub-10 GHz links are set up for communication), operate the mmWave STA of the wireless communication device to communicate with the other wireless communication device over the mmWave wireless communication link (PEFK: FIG. 3 item 322 (“Determining a first signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a millimeter-wave link”) wherein communication over mmWave is measured), based on identifying the link block event, operate the sub-10GHz STA of the wireless communication device to communicate with the other wireless communication device over the sub-10GHz wireless communication link (PEFK: FIG. 3 item 320 (“Rerouting Network Traffic From The Millimeter-Wave Link to the WLAN transmission channel in response to identifying the LOS blockage of the Network Signal”)).
However, PEFK-RAG does not explicitly disclose configured to cause the wireless communication device to: setup a first Service Period (SP), and a second SP, wherein the second SP at least partially overlaps with the first SP; operate the wireless communication device to communicate with the other wireless communication device during the first SP; and based on identifying during the first SP, operate the wireless communication device to communicate with the other wireless communication device during the second SP.
NAIK, in the same field of endeavor, teaches the apparatus (NAIK: FIG. 5 wherein the apparatus can also be an access point, and the wireless communication device/non-AP MLD communicates via STAs to the other wireless communication device/AP MLD via access points Aps), configured to cause the wireless communication device to: setup a first Service Period (SP) over the first wireless communication link, and a second SP over the second wireless communication link, wherein the second SP at least partially overlaps with the first SP (NAIK: FIG. 5 and para 66 (“…may operate on the 2.4 GHz…5GHz…6GHz…”) wherein non-AP MLD communicates via STAs to the AP MLD via access points APs over links, such as sub 10GHz; FIG. 9B and FIG. 9C wherein there is at least a first SP and a second SP which overlap); operate the first STA of the wireless communication device to communicate with the other wireless communication device over the first wireless communication link during the first SP (NAIK: FIG. 7A-7B and FIG. 8A-8B wherein communication is operated over a first STA during the first SP); and based on identifying during the first SP, operate the second STA of the wireless communication device to communicate with the other wireless communication device over the second wireless communication link during the second SP (NAIK: FIG. 9B-C, para 101 (“the non-AP MLD may perform a channel comparison operation that compares the channel conditions associated with Link1 and Link2 and indicates which of the communication links has the superior (or more favorable) channel conditions…”), and para 126 (“…an AP MLD may schedule announced overlapping SPs for a non-AP MLD operating in the EMLSR mode or on the EMLMR links…scheduling announced overlapping SPs may allow the AP MLD or the non-AP MLD to perform data exchanges during the overlapping SPs on an optimal communication link…may dynamically select the optimal communication link…”) wherein based on channel condition event, switching links to a different STA, such as a sub-10GHz STA, in an overlapping second SP).
It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art, before the effective filing date, to have modified switching based on identifying LOS blockage of PEFK-RAG with switching based on identifying blockage of NAIK, the combination hereby referred to as PEFK-RAG-NAIK, for the benefit of meeting latency, throughput, and timing requirements of low latency applications (NAIK: para 1-3).
Claim 6:
PEFK-RAG-NAIK teaches the apparatus of claim 2, configured to cause the wireless communication device to setup the first SP as a main SP for communication with the other wireless communication device, and to setup the second SP as a backup SP to be activated based on the link block event (NAIK: FIG. 7A-B & FIG. 8A-B wherein there is a main SP on a first link and a backup SP on the second link which is switched to during the link block event; FIG. 9B-9C wherein the first and second SP/main and backup SP are overlapping).
It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art, before the effective filing date, to have modified switching based on identifying LOS blockage of PEFK-RAG with the service periods of NAIK for the benefit of meeting latency, throughput, and timing requirements of low latency applications (NAIK: para 1-3).
Claim 7:
PEFK-RAG-NAIK teaches the apparatus of claim 2, wherein the first SP comprises a first Target Wake Time (TWT) SP over the mmWave wireless communication link, and the second SP comprises a second TWT SP over the sub-10GHz wireless communication link (NAIK: FIG. 5 and FIG. 9B-C wherein there is first TWT SP over a first link and a second TWT SP over a sub-10GHz link) (PEFK: FIG. 3 item 322 (“Determining a first signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a millimeter-wave link”) wherein communication over the first link is in mmWave range).
It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art, before the effective filing date, to have modified switching based on identifying LOS blockage of PEFK-RAG with the service periods of NAIK for the benefit of meeting latency, throughput, and timing requirements of low latency applications (NAIK: para 1-3).
Claim 10:
PEFK-RAG teaches the apparatus of claim 1, but does not explicitly disclose configured to cause the wireless communication device to operate at an Enhanced Multi-Link Single Radio (EMLSR) mode to simultaneously listen over both the mmWave wireless communication link and the sub-10GHz wireless communication link.
NAIK, in the same field of endeavor, teaches configured to cause the wireless communication device to operate at an Enhanced Multi-Link Single Radio (EMLSR) mode to simultaneously listen over both the mmWave wireless communication link and the sub-10GHz wireless communication link (NAIK: para 33 (“…some non-AP MLDs may communicate with the AP MLD on only one of the communication links at any given time, for example, in accordance with…EMLSR…”) wherein the wireless communication device can use EMLSR).
It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art, before the effective filing date, to have modified switching based on identifying LOS blockage of PEFK-RAG with the switching based on identifying blockage of NAIK for the benefit of meeting latency, throughput, and timing requirements of low latency applications (NAIK: para 1-3).
Claim 11:
PEFK-RAG teaches the apparatus of claim 1, but does not explicitly disclose configured to cause the wireless communication device to switch the sub-10GHz STA of the wireless communication device from a low power state to an active state based on the link block event.
NAIK, in the same field of endeavor, teaches configured to cause the wireless communication device to switch the sub-10GHz STA of the wireless communication device from a low power state to an active state based on the link block event (NAIK: para 67 (“…the STA 522 must be in a power save mode any time the STA 524 is active.”) and para 110 (“…non-AP MLD to transition from an active mode on Link2 to an active mode on Link1.”) wherein a link that is switched to, transitions to an active mode).
It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art, before the effective filing date, to have modified switching based on identifying LOS blockage of PEFK-RAG with the switching based on identifying blockage of NAIK for the benefit of meeting latency, throughput, and timing requirements of low latency applications (NAIK: para 1-3).
Claim 12:
PEFK-RAG teaches the apparatus of claim 1, configured to cause the wireless communication device to operate the sub-10GHz STA of the wireless communication device to transmit over the sub-10GHz wireless communication link (PEFK: FIG. 3 item 320 (“Rerouting Network Traffic From The Millimeter-Wave Link to the WLAN transmission channel in response to identifying the LOS blockage of the Network Signal”)), but does not explicitly disclose a transmission configured to indicate the link block event to the other wireless communication device.
NAIK, in the same field of endeavor, teaches a transmission configured to indicate the link block event to the other wireless communication device (NAIK: FIG. FIG. 12B, para 101 (“the non-AP MLD may perform a channel comparison operation that compares the channel conditions associated with Link1 and Link2 and indicates which of the communication links has the superior (or more favorable) channel conditions…”), and para 147 (“…non-AP MLD may initiate the TWT transfer by transmitting a TWT transfer indication…on Link2…”) wherein the wireless communication device identifies and indicates the link block event/channel condition, wherein an indication can be the transfer indication).
It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art, before the effective filing date, to have modified switching based on identifying LOS blockage of PEFK-RAG with the switching based on identifying blockage of NAIK for the benefit of meeting latency, throughput, and timing requirements of low latency applications (NAIK: para 1-3).
Claim 23:
PEFK-RAG-NAIK teaches the product of claim 22. For further limitations, see rejection for claim 2 above.
Claim 25:
PEFK-RAG teaches the apparatus of claim 24. For further limitations, see rejection for claim 12 above.
Claim(s) 13-14 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over PEFK in view of RAGHAVAN, the combination hereby referred to as PEFK-RAG, and in further view of POLLOCK et al. (US 20210075850 A1) (see 892 12/03/2025), hereby referred to as POLLOCK.
Claim 13:
PEFK-RAG teaches the apparatus of claim 1, configured to cause the wireless communication device to identify the link block event based on an expected transmission from the other wireless communication device over the mmWave wireless communication link (PEFK: FIG. 3 item 328 (“Proactively identifying a Line-of-Sight (LOS) blockage of a Network signal transmitted on a millimeter-wave link based on a difference between the first SNR and the second SNR, wherein the difference exceeds a predetermined threshold”) and para 8 (“…LOS may refer to a level of obstruction…”) wherein LOS is identified in mmWave link between wireless devices, and the amount of LOS blockage and/or SNR causing the switch is the failure of data transmission), but does not explicitly disclose based on an identified failure of receipt of an expected transmission.
POLLOCK, in the same field of endeavor, teaches based on an identified failure of receipt of an expected transmission (POLLACK: para 48 (“The electronic device 102 may determine that a quality of the primary connection satisfies a quality degradation condition, such as based on the exchanged link quality metrics…the one or more of the packet loss rate, the round trip rate, the amount of time without receiving any packets, or the signal to noise ratio, has exceeded a predetermined threshold value.”) and 51 (“…may utilize the established secondary connection…”) wherein based on identifying link block event based on failure of data transmission/reception, which is indicated at least by packet loss rate and/or the amount of time without receiving any packets, links are switched).
It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill, before the effective filing date, to have modified PEFK-RAG with POLLOCK for the benefit of improved performance (POLLOCK: para 12).
Claim 14:
PEFK-RAG teaches the apparatus of claim 1, configured to cause the wireless communication device to identify the link block event based on an identified failure of a transmission from the mmWave STA of the wireless communication device over the mmWave wireless communication link (PEFK: FIG. 3 item 328 (“Proactively identifying a Line-of-Sight (LOS) blockage of a Network signal transmitted on a millimeter-wave link based on a difference between the first SNR and the second SNR, wherein the difference exceeds a predetermined threshold”) and para 8 (“…LOS may refer to a level of obstruction…”) wherein LOS is identified in mmWave link between wireless devices, and the amount of LOS blockage and/or SNR causing the switch is the failure of data transmission), but does not explicitly disclose an identified failure to receive an expected data transmission from the other wireless communication device.
POLLOCK, in the same field of endeavor, teaches based on an identified failure to receive an expected data transmission from the other wireless communication device (POLLACK: para 48 (“The electronic device 102 may determine that a quality of the primary connection satisfies a quality degradation condition, such as based on the exchanged link quality metrics…the one or more of the packet loss rate, the round trip rate, the amount of time without receiving any packets, or the signal to noise ratio, has exceeded a predetermined threshold value.”) and 51 (“…may utilize the established secondary connection…”) wherein based on identifying link block event based on failure of data transmission/reception, which is indicated at least by packet loss rate and/or the amount of time without receiving any packets, links are switched).
It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill, before the effective filing date, to have modified PEFK-RAG with POLLOCK for the benefit of improved performance (POLLOCK: para 12).
Claim(s) 15 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over PEFK in view of RAG, the combination hereby referred to as PEFK-RAG, and in further view of POLLOCK and NAIK.
Claim 15:
PEFK-RAG teaches the apparatus of claim 1 configured to cause the wireless communication device to identify the link block event over the mmWave wireless communication link (PEFK: FIG. 3 item 328), but does not explicitly teach based on an identified failure of receipt of a transmission from the other wireless communication device within a threshold time since a beginning of a Service Period (SP).
POLLOCK teaches based on an identified failure of receipt of a transmission from the other wireless communication device
It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill, before the effective filing date, to have modified PEFK-RAG with POLLOCK, the combination hereby referred to as PEFK-RAG-POLLOCK for the benefit of improved performance (POLLOCK: para 12).
However, PEFK-RAG-POLLOCK does not explicitly disclose within a threshold time since a beginning of a Service Period (SP).
NAIK, in the same field of endeavor, teaches a link block event since the beginning of the service period (NAIK: FIG. 7A-B and FIG. 8A-B, para 101 (“…channel conditions associated with each of the communications Link1 and Link2…suitable conditions may include…level of interference…bandwidth of the channel…MCS used…the non-AP MLD may perform a channel comparison operation that compares the channel conditions associated with Link1 and Link2 and indicates which of the communication links has the superior (or more favorable) channel conditions…”) wherein the channel condition/link blockage event is identified for a service period, including the beginning).
It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art, before the effective filing date, to have modified PEFK-RAG-POLLOCK with NAIK for the benefit of meeting latency, throughput, and timing requirements of low latency applications (NAIK: para 1-3).
Claim(s) 17 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over PEFK in view of RAGHAVAN, the combination hereby referred to as PEFK-RAG, and in further view of KIM et al. (US 20250358879 A1) (see 892 12/03/2025), hereby referred to as KIM.
Claim 17:
PEFK teaches the apparatus of claim 1, configured to cause the wireless communication device to, based on the link block event (PEFK: FIG. 3 item 328), operate the sub-10GHz STA of the wireless communication device to transmit to the other wireless communication device a recommendation (RAGHAVAN: para 126 (“…having a low frequency…such as an LTE channel and/or a sub-6 GHz…”) and para 139-140 (“The mmW network map 560 may indicate one or more UE antenna components and/or base station antenna components…the server may transmit the mmW network map to the at least one UE…via the at least one base station…via…a low-frequency coexisting channel…”) wherein a recommendation is sent over sub-6GHz).
It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art, before the effective filing date, to have modified PEFK with RAGHAVAN, the combination hereby referred to as PEFK-RAG, for the benefit of compensating for high path loss for seamless and continuous coverage (RAGHAVAN: para 5).
However, PEFK-RAG does not explicitly disclose to reduce an order of a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) for communication over the mmWave wireless communication link.
KIM, in the same field of endeavor, teaches to transmit to the other wireless communication device a recommendation to reduce an order of a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) for communication over another wireless communication link (NAI: FIG. 4B, para 77 (“…using a low…(MCS) to reduce a reception error…using a low MCS may be referred to as a ‘low MCS frame’…”), para 108 (“The STA may change the multi-link parameter(s)…may include at least one of preferred MCS information…”) and para 114 (“The downlink frame on the first link may be generated based on a first MCS index, and the downlink frame on the second link may be generated based on a second MCS…The first MCS index may be higher than the second MCS index.”) wherein a lower MCS can be configured for a link by a different link).
It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art, before the effective filing date, to have modified PEFK-RAG with KIM for the benefit of reducing reception error (KIM: para 77).
Conclusion
The prior art made of record and not relied upon is considered pertinent to applicant's disclosure.
HAMPEL et al. (US 20150382268 A1) teaches beamforming due to loss of sight for mmW beams.
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/A.T.N./Examiner, Art Unit 2416
/NOEL R BEHARRY/Supervisory Patent Examiner, Art Unit 2416
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