Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/023,336

TREATING PATHOGENIC INFECTIONS

Non-Final OA §103§112
Filed
Feb 24, 2023
Examiner
GRASMEDER, SARAH DYMPNA
Art Unit
3783
Tech Center
3700 — Mechanical Engineering & Manufacturing
Assignee
Renz Wolfgang
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
70%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
3y 7m
To Grant
99%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 70% — above average
70%
Career Allow Rate
48 granted / 69 resolved
At TC average
Strong +36% interview lift
Without
With
+36.5%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 7m
Avg Prosecution
28 currently pending
Career history
97
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
0.2%
-39.8% vs TC avg
§103
52.3%
+12.3% vs TC avg
§102
18.4%
-21.6% vs TC avg
§112
23.3%
-16.7% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 69 resolved cases

Office Action

§103 §112
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Response to Amendment This office action is responsive to the amendment filed on November 25, 2025. As directed by the amendment: claims 1 and 7 have been amended, claims 22 have been added, claims 3 have been canceled. Thus claims 1-2 and 4-22 are presently pending in this application, and claims 11-21 are withdrawn. Election/Restrictions Applicant’s election without traverse of Group I (claims 1-2, 4-10, 22) in the reply filed on November 25, 2025 is acknowledged. Claims 11-21 are withdrawn from further consideration pursuant to 37 CFR 1.142(b) as being drawn to a nonelected invention, there being no allowable generic or linking claim. Election was made without traverse in the reply filed on November 25, 2025. Information Disclosure Statement The information disclosure statement (IDS) submitted on July 26, 2023 was filed. The submission is in compliance with the provisions of 37 CFR 1.97. Accordingly, the information disclosure statement is being considered by the examiner. The information disclosure statement (IDS) submitted on November 5, 2024 was filed. The submission is in compliance with the provisions of 37 CFR 1.97. Accordingly, the information disclosure statement is being considered by the examiner. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 112 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112(b): (b) CONCLUSION.—The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor regards as the invention. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph: The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the applicant regards as his invention. Claims 4-10 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph, as being indefinite for failing to particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor (or for applications subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, the applicant), regards as the invention. Claim 4 recites “the system… of claim 3”. The scope of this claim is unclear as claim 3 is cancelled and therefore claim 4 is dependent upon a cancelled claim. For examining purposes, claim 4 is interpreted to be dependent upon claim 1. Claim 5 recites “the system… of claim 3”. The scope of this claim is unclear as claim 3 is cancelled and therefore claim 5 is dependent upon a cancelled claim. For examining purposes, claim 5 is interpreted to be dependent upon claim 1. Claims 6 and 8-9 are dependent on claim 5. Claim 7 recites “the system… of claim 7”. The scope of this claim is unclear as the claim cannot be dependent upon itself. For examining purposes, claim 7 is interpreted to be dependent upon claim 1. Claims 8-10 are dependent on claim 5. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claims 1-2, 5, and 22 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Pennington et al. (US 20180117249), hereinafter Pennington, in view of Cho et al. (US 20160174853), hereinafter Cho. Regarding claim 1, Pennington discloses ---a system to induce a hypoglycemic condition within a predetermined blood glucose range for treating infection (Fig. 5 and [0053-0057, 0253], system 300 for inducing hypoglycemia within a blood glucose range for treating cancer and preventing opportunistic infection) comprising: one or more sensors which measure an aspect that is physiological (Fig. 5, EKG sensors 340 and BGL sensor 320); one or more fluid flow control devices (Fig. 5-6 and [0102], pumps 430 for controlling the delivery of fluids in the cartridges 420); insulin in a vessel in fluid communication with a fluid control device (Fig. 5-6 and [0101-0102], insulin in cartridge 310 connected to one of pumps 430); glucose in a vessel in fluid communication with a fluid control device (Fig. 5-6 and [0101-0102], glucose in cartridge 312 connected to one of pumps 430); at least one cocktail containing at least one of an antibiotic and an antiviral components in one or more vessels each vessel in fluid communication with a fluid control device (Fig. 5-6 and [0018, 0101-0102], at least one chemotherapy drugs (with various chemotherapeutic agents, including antibiotics, etc) in cartridges 314 and 316 connected to at least one of pumps 430); one or more controllers ([0070, 0096, 0102], system contains controller software to communicate with and control the components of the system (see following components controller communicates with)) in signal communication with; at least one microprocessor (Fig. 7-9, microprocessor 710); a blood glucose level (BGL) measuring sensor (Fig.5, BGL sensor 320); memory (Fig. 9, memory 720); said one or more sensors (Fig. 5, EKG sensors 340); one or more databases or lookup tables ([0091], external databases); said fluid control devices (Fig. 6, pumps 430); wherein sensor data is BGL ([0102] and Fig. 5, sensor data includes BGL); and, wherein the controller controls the fluid control devices for at least insulin glucose, and the cocktail to keep blood glucose level (BGL) of the primate within a target hypoglycemic BGL range for the primate (Fig. 10 and [0056-0057, 0094-0096, 0131-0133], controller controls pumps for insulin, glucose, and chemotherapy drugs to keep BGL within target range). Pennington fails to disclose wherein sensor data is at least one of heart rate, galvanic skin response, and pupillary response. However, Cho discloses wherein sensor data is at least one of heart rate, galvanic skin response, and pupillary response (Fig. 1 and [0069], system may receive patient's heart rate from EKG sensor). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to have modified Pennington to incorporate the disclosures of Cho and modify the EKG sensor to receive and transmit heart rate data to the controller. Doing so would allow the system to use heart rate data to determine the status of the autonomic nervous system, which aids in determining the concentration of glucose in the patient's body fluid, to further provide an accurate reading of blood glucose level (Cho, [0012, 0063-0066]). Regarding claim 2 and Pennington, in view of Cho, Pennington further discloses ---the system to induce a hypoglycemic condition within a predetermined blood glucose range for treating infection of claim 1, wherein the controller receives sensor data inputs and adjust the hypoglycemic target range for BGL in response to sensory data received (Fig. 10 and [0071, 0131-0133], controller receives data input from sensors and in response adjusts the target BGL to maintain hypoglycemic state). Regarding claim 5 and Pennington, in view of Cho, Pennington further discloses ---the system to induce a hypoglycemic condition within a predetermined blood glucose range for treating infection of claim 3 wherein the cocktail is at least one of, Quercetin, curcumin, vitamin C, clarithromycin, docycyclin, metronidazol. mezloxillian, piperacillin, azlocillin acylampicillin, amoxicillin, cefuroxime, Ceftriaxone, Acyclovir, Famciclovir, Valacyclovir and phenylbutyrate (PBA) ([0256-0257], immunologic agents used in chemotherapy drugs may include at least vitamin C). Regarding claim 22 and Pennington, in view of Cho, Pennington further discloses ---the system to induce a hypoglycemic condition within a predetermined blood glucose range for treating infection of claim 1 wherein the sensor data is BGL ([0102] and Fig. 5, sensor data includes BGL). Pennington fails to disclose wherein sensor data is at least two of heart rate, galvanic skin response, and pupillary response. However, Cho discloses wherein sensor data is at least two of heart rate, galvanic skin response, and pupillary response (Fig. 1 and [0067,0069], system may receive patient's heart rate data from EKG sensor 200b and may receive patient’s pupil size data from a glasses based camera sensor 200a). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to have modified Pennington, in view of Cho, to further incorporate the disclosures of Cho and modify the EKG sensor to receive and transmit heart rate data to the controller and modify the system to comprise a pupil size sensor in the form of glasses with a camera to receive and transmit pupillary response data to the controller. Doing so would allow the system to use heart rate data and pupillary response data to determine the status of the autonomic nervous system, which aids in determining the concentration of glucose in the patient's body fluid, to further provide an accurate reading of blood glucose level (Cho, [0012, 0063-0066]). Claim 4 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Pennington (US 20180117249), in view of Cho (US 20160174853), as applied to claim 1 above, and further in view of D’Agostino et al. (US 20150231172), hereinafter D’Agostino. Regarding claim 4, Pennington, in view of Cho, discloses the system to induce a hypoglycemic condition within a predetermined BGL range for treating infection of claim 3. Pennington, in view of Cho, fails to disclose wherein the controller controls the administration of at least one of oxygen and hydrogen. However, D’Agostino discloses wherein the controller controls the administration of at least one of oxygen and hydrogen ([0012-0013], a system for treating cancer wherein the controller subjects the patient to a hyperbaric, oxygen-enriched environment). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to have modified Pennington, in view of Cho, to incorporate the disclosures of D’Agostino and modify the system to include the controller controlling the administration of oxygen. Doing so would reduce cancel cell load and limit metastasis, thus providing synergistic anticancer effects and increasing the effectiveness of the cancer treatment (D’Agostino, [0012-0013]). Claims 6 and 8-9 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Pennington (US 20180117249), in view of Cho (US 20160174853), as applied to claim 5 above, and further in view of Skurkovich et al. (US 20060194221), hereinafter Skurkovich. Regarding claim 6, Pennington, in view of Cho, discloses the system to induce a hypoglycemic condition within a predetermined BGL range for treating infection of claim 5. Pennington, in view of Cho, fails to disclose wherein the infection is herpes simplex virus, and the cocktail is at least one of Acyclovir, Famciclovir, Valacyclovir and phenylbutyrate (PBA). However, Skurkovich discloses wherein the infection is herpes simplex virus ([0014], the system is utilized to treat herpes simplex virus), and the cocktail is at least one of Acyclovir, Famciclovir, Valacyclovir and phenylbutyrate (PBA) ([00711], the chemotherapeutic agent utilized may include Acyclovir). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to have modified Pennington, in view of Cho, to incorporate the disclosures of Skurkovich and modify the system to be used to treat herpes simplex virus, and modify the cocktail to include at least Acyclovir. Doing so would provide the system with an anti-viral pharmaceutical composition which is effective in treating other infections and diseases, such as herpes simplex virus, thus expanding the usability of the system for treating a greater variety of conditions (Skurkovich, [0041-0043, 0071]). Regarding claim 8 and Pennington, in view of Cho and Skurkovich, Pennington further discloses ---the system to induce a hypoglycemic condition within a predetermined blood glucose range for treating infection of claim 6 or 7, wherein the active agents in the cocktail are each less than 50% the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) ([0168-0170], the effective dose of the agents in the drug may be lower than 50% of the standard dose ("maximums safe dosage") such as 1%-40%). Regarding claim 9 and Pennington, in view of Cho and Skurkovich, Pennington further discloses ---the system to induce a hypoglycemic condition within a predetermined blood glucose range for treating infection of claims 6 or 7, wherein the active agents in the cocktail are less than 50% the minimum effective dose (MED) ([0169-0170], the effective dose of the agents in the drug may be as low as 0.001-1% of the standard dose and additionally the drugs may not include certain active agents, thus the effective dose of these agents in drug will also be below 50% of the minimum effective dose. Examiner notes, the standard dose and therapeutically effect amount of an agent may vary from patient to patient due to the patient's overall health and any extenuating factors). Claims 7-10 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Pennington (US 20180117249), in view of Cho (US 20160174853), as applied to claim 1 above, and further in view of Cowley et al. (US 20070128298), hereinafter Cowley, and Zhang et al. (US 20190008848), hereinafter Zhang. Regarding claim 7, Pennington, in view of Cho, discloses the system to induce a hypoglycemic condition within a predetermined BGL range for treating infection of claim 1. Pennington, in view of Cho, fails to disclose further comprising: adding an antihistamine to the cocktail; wherein said antihistamine reduces the insulin required to reach a target hypoglycemic BGL range; and, wherein the infection is B. burgdorferi and the cocktail is at least one clarithromycin, docycyclin, metronidazol, mezloxillian, piperacillin, azlocillin acylampicillin, amoxicillin, cefuroxime, Ceftriaxone. However, Cowley discloses further comprising: adding an antihistamine to the cocktail; wherein said antihistamine reduces the insulin required to reach a target hypoglycemic BGL range ([0062, 0067-0068], an antihistime may be added to the pharmaceutical composition with insulin, such that a lower amount of insulin is required to achieve the desired blood glucose level). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to have modified Pennington, in view of Cho, to incorporate the disclosures of Cowley and modify the cocktail to contain an antihistamine. Doing so would require a lower level of insulin in the pharmaceutical cocktail to be more effective in resulting in the desired goal (blood glucose level) (Cowley, [0067]). Pennington, in view of Cho and Cowley, fails to disclose wherein the infection is B. burgdorferi and the cocktail is at least one clarithromycin, docycyclin, metronidazol, mezloxillian, piperacillin, azlocillin acylampicillin, amoxicillin, cefuroxime, Ceftriaxone. However, Zhang discloses wherein the infection is B. burgdorferi and the cocktail is at least one clarithromycin, docycyclin, metronidazol, mezloxillian, piperacillin, azlocillin acylampicillin, amoxicillin, cefuroxime, Ceftriaxone ([0036,0039], system is used to treat B. burgdorferi by utilizing a cocktail comprising at least clarithromycin). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to have modified Pennington, in view of Cho and Cowley, to incorporate the disclosures of Zhang and modify the system to treat B. burgdorferi and modify the cocktail to contain at least clarithromycin. Doing so would provide a system which utilizes a pharmaceutical composition which is effective in treating other infections and diseases, such as Lyme disease, thus expanding the usability of the system for treating a greater variety of conditions (Zhang, [0048]). Regarding claim 8 and Pennington, in view of Cho, Cowley and Zhang, Pennington further discloses ---the system to induce a hypoglycemic condition within a predetermined blood glucose range for treating infection of claim 6 or 7, wherein the active agents in the cocktail are each less than 50% the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) ([0168-0170], the effective dose of the agents in the drug may be lower than 50% of the standard dose ("maximums safe dosage") such as 1%-40%). Regarding claim 9 and Pennington, in view of Cho, Cowley and Zhang, Pennington further discloses ---the system to induce a hypoglycemic condition within a predetermined blood glucose range for treating infection of claims 6 or 7, wherein the active agents in the cocktail are less than 50% the minimum effective dose (MED) ([0169-0170], the effective dose of the agents in the drug may be as low as 0.001-1% of the standard dose and additionally the drugs may not include certain active agents, thus the effective dose of these agents in drug will also be below 50% of the minimum effective dose. Examiner notes, the standard dose and therapeutically effect amount of an agent may vary from patient to patient due to the patient's overall health and any extenuating factors). Regarding claim 10 and Pennington, in view of Cho, Cowley and Zhang, Pennington further discloses ---the system to induce a hypoglycemic condition within a predetermined blood glucose range for treating infection of claim 7, wherein the active agents in the cocktail are less than 25% the minimum effective dose (MED) ([0169-0170], the effective dose of the agents in the drug may be as low as 0.001-1% of the standard dose and additionally the drugs may not include certain active agents, thus the effective dose of these agents in drug will also be below 25% of the minimum effective dose. Examiner notes, the standard dose and therapeutically effect amount of an agent may vary from patient to patient due to the patient's overall health and any extenuating factors). Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to SARAH D GRASMEDER whose telephone number is (571)272-0258. The examiner can normally be reached M-F 8 am-5 pm EST. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, BHISMA MEHTA can be reached at (571) 272-3383. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /SARAH DYMPNA GRASMEDER/Examiner, Art Unit 3783 /LAURA A BOUCHELLE/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 3783
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Prosecution Timeline

Feb 24, 2023
Application Filed
Dec 13, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §103, §112 (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
70%
Grant Probability
99%
With Interview (+36.5%)
3y 7m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 69 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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