DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA. In response to the restriction requirement, Applicant elected claims 1, 5-7, 15, 17, 21, and 33 for further examination. As a result, claims 2-4, 8-14, 28, and 34-36 are withdrawn from further prosecution. Claim Objections Claims 5-6 are objected to because of the following informalities: Please correct the dependence of the claims. The claims are now assumed to be depend ence on claim 1. Appropriate correction is required. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claim(s) 1, 6-7, 15 , 17 , and 33 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over by Reimer (US 2018/0081255) in view of Li et al. (CN 107219705) . Reimer et al. discloses an apparatus for generating a cluster quantum state using bipartite entangled states ( Abstract: A method for generating optical multipartie quantum states referred to as cluster states (paragraph s [0002]) ) , the apparatus comprising: an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) configured to generate a plurality of two- qumode entangled states ( paragraph [0007]: Approaches to generate cluster states including coherent locking of multiple optical parametric oscillators ) , the OPO comprising: an optical cavity having a free-spectral-range and configured to sustain a plurality of qumodes ( paragraph [0039]: An integrated ring resonator 14 used as the nonlinear cavity, i.e. as an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) . Paragraph [0042]: The resonator 14 has a free-spectral range ) ; an optical source configured to generate a pump wave having a pump frequency (wp) and transmit the pump wave into the first nonlinear optical medium to generate the plurality of qumodes via a first nonlinear optical interaction of the pump wave with the first nonlinear optical medium ( FIG. 1 b: The multi-color laser 12 and “Pump” ), wherein the plurality of qumodes comprises at least two successive qumodes in frequency domain, wherein a frequency spacing between the two successive qumodes is equal to the free-spectral range, and wherein the plurality of qumodes comprise the plurality of two- qumode entangled states ( Claim 5: Each resonator mode family exhibits different resonant frequencies and a similar free-spectral range ) . Reimer et al. however is silent a first nonlinear optical medium located inside the optical cavity and configured to interact with the plurality of qumodes , an OPO output port configured to transmit a portion of optical fields associated with the plurality qumodes out of the optical cavity; and an optical phase modulator configured to generate the cluster quantum state by modulating a phase of the portion of the optical fields associated with the plurality of qumodes transmitted from the OPO output port at one or more modulation frequencies and with a modulation index, wherein the one or more modulation frequencies are integral multiples of the free-spectral-range . Li et al. discloses a device in the quantum optical field comprising an optical parametric oscillator and an optical phase modulator (Abstract) , wherein the optical parametric oscillator comprises an optical cavity, a first nonlinear optical medium located inside the optical cavity ( FIG. 1, element 2: The optical parametric oscillator 2 includes two facing mirrors (as an optical resonator/cavity) and the nonlinear optical medium located in between the mirrors (shown as the rectangle) ), an d an OPO output port configured to transmit a portion of optical fields out of the optical cavity ( FIG. 1: The output of the OPO 2 to element 3 or 6 ); and wherein the optical phase modulator configured to generate the cluster quantum state by modulating a phase of the portion of the optical fields associated with the plurality of qumodes transmitted from the OPO output port at one or more modulation frequencies and with a modulation index, wherein the one or more modulation frequencies are integral multiples of the free-spectral-range ( FIG. 1, elements 10-11: The optical amplitude modulation and the optical phase modulation ). Therefore, it would have been obvious for one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to modify Reimer’s system to include the optical phase modulator as disclosed by Li et al. to protect the entangled state from being damaged in the process of modulating then entangled property ( page 4, lines 15-18 ). Regarding to claims 6-7 : further comprising one or more optical sources configured to generate the one or more optical signals, wherein the plurality of qumodes comprise a plurality of resonant optical fields inside the optical cavity ( Li et al.: FIG. 1, element s 1 -2 ). Regarding to claims 15, 17 : wherein the first nonlinear optical interaction is a second order nonlinear optical interaction, wherein the first nonlinear optical interaction is a third order nonlinear optical interaction ( paragraphs [0008] and [001 3 ] ). A llowable Subject Matter Claim 5 and 21 are objected to as being dependent upon a rejected base claim, but would be allowable if rewritten in independent form including all of the limitations of the base claim and any intervening claims. Regarding to claim 5 : The primary reasons for the indication of the allowability of the claim is the inclusions therein, in combination as currently claimed, of the limitation that wherein the optical phase modulator comprises: an input optical port configured to receive the portion of the optical fields associated with the plurality of qumodes ; a second nonlinear optical medium configured to interact with the portion of the optical fields received from the input optical port; and one or more optical modulation ports configured to receive one or more optical modulating signals wherein the one or more modulating optical signals are configured to modulate the phase of the optical fields at one or more modulation frequencies via a second nonlinear optical interaction between the optical fields and the one or more optical signals inside the second nonlinear medium is neither disclosed nor taught by the cited prior art of record, alone or in combination. Claim 21 is allowed because they depend directly/indirectly on claim 5. CONTACT INFORMATION A ny inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to FILLIN "Examiner name" \* MERGEFORMAT LAM S NGUYEN whose telephone number is FILLIN "Phone number" \* MERGEFORMAT (571)272-2151 . Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, DOUGLAS RODRIGUEZ , can be reached on 571- 431-0716. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of an application may be obtained from the Patent Application Information Retrieval (PAIR) system. Status information for published applications may be obtained from either Private PAIR or Public PAIR. Status information for unpublished applications is available through Private PAIR only. For more information about the PAIR system, see http://pair- direct.uspto.gov. Should you have questions on access to the Private PAIR system, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative or access to the automated information system, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /LAM S NGUYEN/ Primary Examiner, Art Unit 2853