Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/028,154

RAY-BASED CLASSIFIER APPARATUS AND TUNING A DEVICE USING MACHINE LEARNING WITH A RAY-BASED CLASSIFICATION FRAMEWORK

Non-Final OA §112
Filed
Mar 23, 2023
Examiner
BRAHMACHARI, MANDRITA
Art Unit
2144
Tech Center
2100 — Computer Architecture & Software
Assignee
Government Of The United States Of America AS Represented By The Secretary Of Commerce
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
76%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
3y 0m
To Grant
99%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 76% — above average
76%
Career Allow Rate
311 granted / 407 resolved
+21.4% vs TC avg
Strong +30% interview lift
Without
With
+29.8%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 0m
Avg Prosecution
27 currently pending
Career history
434
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
10.5%
-29.5% vs TC avg
§103
54.5%
+14.5% vs TC avg
§102
7.8%
-32.2% vs TC avg
§112
17.9%
-22.1% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 407 resolved cases

Office Action

§112
Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . DETAILED ACTION The action is in response to claims dated 3/23/2023 Claims pending in the case: 1-19 Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 112 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112(b): (b) CONCLUSION.—The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor regards as the invention. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph: The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the applicant regards as his invention. Claim(s) 1-19 rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph, as being indefinite for failing to particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor, or for pre-AIA the applicant regards as the invention. Claim(s) 1,6, 12, 15 in the relevant part read: “generator … that produces fingerprint data” or similar. Based on the claim language, it is unclear what is being referred to as “fingerprint data”. Since the specification defines “point fingerprint” the applicant is requested to clarify the limitation using the term that has been defined in the specification. Since this appears to be a term not common in the art, the term “fingerprint data” has been found to be unclear. As such, a person of reasonable skill in the art would not be apprised of the metes and bounds of the invention. Claim(s) 1,6, 12, 15 in the relevant part read: “a machine learning trainer module … receives the fingerprint data from the training data generator module and produces the device state” or similar. Based on the claim language, it is unclear what this “device” is and what is being referred to as “device state”. As per the specification paragraph [124], device is a quantum dot device. However, quantum dot device state may be represented by several parameters as size, material, energy, mass etc. It is not clear what in this limitation represents device state. As such, a person of reasonable skill in the art would not be apprised of the metes and bounds of the invention. Claim(s) 1, 12 further read: “a recognition module in communication with the machine learning trainer module and a measurement module and that receives the device state from the machine learning trainer module, receives ray-based data from the measurement module, and produces recognition data based on the device state and the ray-based data” or similar. Since the specification does not provide a definition for recognition data, based on the claim language, it is unclear what is being referred to as “recognition data”. As such, a person of reasonable skill in the art would not be apprised of the metes and bounds of the invention. A reasonable interpretation for the purpose of examination was not possible. Claim(s) 1, 12 further read: “a prediction module in communication with the comparison module and that receives the comparison data from the comparison module and produces prediction data for the device based on the comparison data”. Based on the claim language, it is unclear what constitutes “prediction data” i.e. what is being predicted. As such, a person of reasonable skill in the art would not be apprised of the metes and bounds of the invention. A reasonable interpretation for the purpose of examination was not possible. Claim(s) 1, 12 further read: “recognition module performs recognition on the ray- based data using the device state”. Based on the claim language, it is unclear what is being recognized. As such, a person of reasonable skill in the art would not be apprised of the metes and bounds of the invention. A reasonable interpretation for the purpose of examination was not possible. Claim(s) 6, further read: “a charging module in communication with the device and that sets the charging energy for each quantum well of the device and defines a state action for each of the quantum wells by sending charging data to the device”. Based on the claim language, it is unclear what is being referred to as “state action”. It is unclear if setting the charging energy itself is the defined state action or if “state action” is a separate action based on it. As such, a person of reasonable skill in the art would not be apprised of the metes and bounds of the invention. Claim(s) 6, 15 further read: “acquires state data from the device for a selected state recognizer”. Based on the claim language, it is unclear what is being referred to as “a selected state recognizer”. It is unclear what is this state recognizer and what criteria is being used to select a specific one. As such, a person of reasonable skill in the art would not be apprised of the metes and bounds of the invention. All claims dependent on this/these claim(s) are also rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) due to the virtue of their respective direct and indirect dependencies. A reasonable interpretation of all the limitations for the purpose of search and examination was not possible. Claim Rejections using prior arts Regarding Independent claims 1, 6, 12 and 15, a reasonable interpretation of the limitations in the independent claim 1 was not possible for the purpose of examination. Please refer to the 112(b) rejection above. Thus a detailed rejection using prior art could not be presented. Based on an overall search of the concept explained in the specification, the examiner found art, NPL “Ray-based classification framework for high-dimensional data”, published in Oct 2020 where a new concept of a framework for classifying, named, ray-based classification has been introduced. However this art is by the same inventor and not a prior art based on the filing date. The most relevant prior art found during search that appear to read on the inventive concept are- NPL “Auto-tuning of double dot devices in situ with machine learning” by Zwolak et. al. published Jan 2020. Section II and section III teach autotuning by using a classifier information. NPL "Machine learning techniques for state recognition and auto-tuning in quantum dots" by Kalantre et.al published Feb 2018. Section VI teaches auto-tuning. Subsection A teaches state learning that is used for tuning which is discussed in section B. Please refer to the highlighted sections in the attached prior arts, the examiner finds may read on the limitations. To help further prosecution, the applicant is requested to address the 112b rejections by clarifying the terms used in the limitations to adequately explain the concepts of the invention so that a more comprehensive search and claim mapping may be performed. Conclusion The prior art made of record and not relied upon is considered pertinent to applicant's disclosure in attached 892. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to MANDRITA BRAHMACHARI whose telephone number is (571)272-9735. The examiner can normally be reached Monday to Friday, 11 am to 8 pm EST. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Tamara Kyle can be reached at 571 272 4241. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /Mandrita Brahmachari/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 2144
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Mar 23, 2023
Application Filed
Feb 13, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §112 (current)

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

Patent 12596746
AUDIO PREVIEWING METHOD, APPARATUS AND STORAGE MEDIUM
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 07, 2026
Patent 12596469
COMBINED DATA DISPLAY WITH HISTORIC DATA ANALYSIS
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 07, 2026
Patent 12591358
DAMAGE DETECTION PORTAL
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 31, 2026
Patent 12585979
MANAGING DATA DRIFT AND OUTLIERS FOR MACHINE LEARNING MODELS TRAINED FOR IMAGE CLASSIFICATION
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 24, 2026
Patent 12585992
MACHINE LEARNING WITH ATTRIBUTE FEEDBACK BASED ON EXPRESS INDICATORS
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 24, 2026
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

AI Strategy Recommendation

Get an AI-powered prosecution strategy using examiner precedents, rejection analysis, and claim mapping.
Powered by AI — typically takes 5-10 seconds

Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
76%
Grant Probability
99%
With Interview (+29.8%)
3y 0m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 407 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

Sign in with your work email

Enter your email to receive a magic link. No password needed.

Personal email addresses (Gmail, Yahoo, etc.) are not accepted.

Free tier: 3 strategy analyses per month