Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/031,103

2-OXO-DIHYDROQUINOLINE-3-CARBOXAMIDE DERIVATIVES AS GABA TYPE A RECEPTOR MODULATORS

Non-Final OA §112
Filed
Apr 10, 2023
Examiner
RAMOS LEWIS, JOSMALEN MILAGROS
Art Unit
1621
Tech Center
1600 — Biotechnology & Organic Chemistry
Assignee
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE CARDIFF CONSULTANTS LTD
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
54%
Grant Probability
Moderate
1-2
OA Rounds
2y 6m
To Grant
78%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 54% of resolved cases
54%
Career Allow Rate
30 granted / 56 resolved
-6.4% vs TC avg
Strong +24% interview lift
Without
With
+24.4%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 6m
Avg Prosecution
31 currently pending
Career history
87
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§103
51.8%
+11.8% vs TC avg
§102
24.4%
-15.6% vs TC avg
§112
14.7%
-25.3% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 56 resolved cases

Office Action

§112
Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . DETAILED ACTION Claim Status Claims 1-25 and 30-31 were subject to Restriction Requirement & Election of Specie. Upon Applicant’s Amendment, in response to the restriction requirement, Group I (claims 1-25) was elected. Claims 1-25 are under examination. Priority Status PNG media_image1.png 80 334 media_image1.png Greyscale Receipt is acknowledged of certified copies of papers required by 37 CFR 1.55. Information Disclosure Statement All references have been considered in the two (2) IDS(s) filed 04/10/2023 & 10/05/2023 unless marked with a strikethrough. Drawings The one (1) drawing submission filed on 04/10/2023 has been accepted by the Examiner. Response to Restriction/Election of Species In Response to the Restriction and Species Election Requirement dated 11/10/2025: Applicant elected Group I: Claims 1-25, drawn to compounds of the formula (I). Claims 30-31, drawn to methods of preventing or treating a disease or medical disorder mediated by α2-GABAA, are withdrawn from further consideration pursuant to 37 CFR 1.142(b) as being drawn to a nonelected inventions Applicant’s election of Group I: Claims 1-25 in the reply filed on 11/10/2025 is acknowledged. Because applicant did not distinctly and specifically point out the supposed errors in the restriction requirement, the election has been treated as an election without traverse (MPEP § 818.01(a)). Applicant further elected the specie Example 24 (4-Amino-8-(5-methoxy-4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-2-oxo-N-propyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide), as seen below: PNG media_image2.png 172 252 media_image2.png Greyscale Claims 1-6, 10, 14, 21-25 read on the elected specie. If the elected specie is not identified in the art, then Examiner will expand her search as per MPEP 802.03. The elected specie was not identified in the art. The elected specie would be allowable if claims were drafted to the elected specie alone. Examiner expanded her search to the full extent of Claims 1-6, 10, 14, 21-25 as per MPEP 803.02. No prior art was found. Therefore Claims 1-6, 10, 14, 21-25, which read on the elected specie, are allowed. Claims 7-9, 11-13, 15-20 are withdrawn from further consideration pursuant to 37 CFR 1.142(b). Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 112 I. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112(b): (b) CONCLUSION.—The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor regards as the invention. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph: The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the applicant regards as his invention. Claims 1, 5, 14, 20, and 24 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph, as failing to set forth the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor, or for applications subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, the applicant regards as the invention. Pg. 2 of 12: Claim 1. Missing comma or semicolon. PNG media_image3.png 66 648 media_image3.png Greyscale Claim 5: “substituted by p R3 groups” It is unclear the phrase “substituted by p R3 groups”. It unclear if this means a particular number of p groups must be attached or if the specified R3 needs to be attached a specified amount of times. Claim 14: for example, “e.g. R35 is F, or R35 is -OMe.” the phrase "for example" and “e.g.” renders the claim indefinite because it is unclear whether the limitation(s) following the phrase are part of the claimed invention. See MPEP § 2173.05(d). Claim 20: “for example wherein R31 is selected from: halo and C1-4 alkyl, and R32 is selected from: H, halo, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 haloalkyl, -O-C1-4 alkyl and -O-C1-4 haloalkyl.”, “optionally wherein R31 and R32 are…”. the phrases "for example" and “optionally” render the claim indefinite because it is unclear whether the limitation(s) following the phrases are part of the claimed invention. See MPEP § 2173.05(d). Claim 24: The compound according to claim 1, wherein the compound is selected from Compound List 1 in the description, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. Applicants is instructed to copy the table contents into the claim itself. See MPEP § 2173.05(s). Dependent claims 2-4, 6-13, 15-19, 21-23 do not resolve these issues, since these claims do not further limit or provide further explanation towards the limitations. Accordingly, these claims are also rejected. II. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112(d): (d) REFERENCE IN DEPENDENT FORMS.—Subject to subsection (e), a claim in dependent form shall contain a reference to a claim previously set forth and then specify a further limitation of the subject matter claimed. A claim in dependent form shall be construed to incorporate by reference all the limitations of the claim to which it refers. The following is a quotation of pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, fourth paragraph: Subject to the following paragraph [i.e., the fifth paragraph of pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112], a claim in dependent form shall contain a reference to a claim previously set forth and then specify a further limitation of the subject matter claimed. A claim in dependent form shall be construed to incorporate by reference all the limitations of the claim to which it refers. Claim 22 rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(d) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, 4th paragraph, as being of improper dependent form for failing to further limit the subject matter of the claim upon which it depends, or for failing to include all the limitations of the claim upon which it depends. Applicant may cancel the claim(s), amend the claim(s) to place the claim(s) in proper dependent form, rewrite the claim(s) in independent form, or present a sufficient showing that the dependent claim(s) complies with the statutory requirements. Claim 22: wherein R4 is selected from PNG media_image4.png 258 622 media_image4.png Greyscale Claim 22 has listed a structure with deuterium (D; enclosed in the picture above). As Claim 22 is dependent on Claim 1, there is no indication listed of “deuterated alkyl” being an option. In Claim 1, R4 does not include “deuterated compound thereof,” so as to indicate that deuteration of the compound is a possibility. Therefore, Claim 22 does not further limit claim 1. Allowable Subject Matter The following is a statement of reasons for the indication of allowable subject matter: Closest Art: US 5430153 A (hereinafter “App’153”). App’153 is considered as the closest prior art since it describes compounds with the same purpose. Table 3 lists 730 compounds (Cpds 223-953) tested as 4-amino-2-quinolines (Cpd. 904 as one; col. 119-120). The Applicant Election specie differs structurally from the compounds of the prior art though they have similar quinoline cores through three areas (see circled areas below): a di-substituted heteroaryl attached to position 8 of the quinoline core; a carboxamide attached at position 3 of the quinoline core between the 2-oxo substituent and the primary amine; and a primary amine attached at position 4 of the quinoline core. PNG media_image5.png 172 252 media_image5.png Greyscale The prior art, though provides structurally relevant compounds (see below). There is no suggestion through the compounds listed in the prior art for a skilled artisan to specifically elect the Applicant’s specie. Though it is established the quinoline core is effective in the treatment of diseases mediated by the GABAA receptors. As seen in the Compound listed (Cpd 904), though structurally similar to the Applicant’s election through the quinoline core, there is no motivation to want to have the specific di-substituted heteroaryl ring substituent (as seen in the Applicant election) versus having a benzyl substituent. There is also no motivation also for Applicant’s 4-amino substituent (as seen above) versus the prior art’s substituted phenyl with a CF3. PNG media_image6.png 218 268 media_image6.png Greyscale PNG media_image7.png 293 402 media_image7.png Greyscale In summary, the teachings of App’153 (closely-related art) does not teach, suggest or provide motivation to arrive at the structures in the instant claims. The species of the Instant Claims are distinct. Conclusions Claims 1-6, 10, 14, 21-24 are rejected. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to Josmalen M. Ramos-Lewis whose telephone number is (571)272-0084. The examiner can normally be reached M-F 9:30-5:30 pm. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Clinton A. Brooks can be reached at (571) 270-7682. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /JOSMALEN M. RAMOS-LEWIS, Ph.D./Patent Examiner, Art Unit 1621 /VALERIE RODRIGUEZ-GARCIA/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 1621 03/25/2026
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Prosecution Timeline

Apr 10, 2023
Application Filed
Mar 24, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §112 (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
54%
Grant Probability
78%
With Interview (+24.4%)
2y 6m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 56 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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