Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/042,402

AMMONIA-BASED CARBON DIOXIDE ABATEMENT SYSTEM AND METHOD, AND DIRECT CONTACT COOLER THEREFORE

Final Rejection §112
Filed
Feb 21, 2023
Examiner
MCKENZIE, THOMAS B
Art Unit
1776
Tech Center
1700 — Chemical & Materials Engineering
Assignee
Nuovo Pignone Tecnologie - S.r.l.
OA Round
2 (Final)
57%
Grant Probability
Moderate
3-4
OA Rounds
3y 3m
To Grant
80%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 57% of resolved cases
57%
Career Allow Rate
551 granted / 961 resolved
-7.7% vs TC avg
Strong +23% interview lift
Without
With
+22.9%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 3m
Avg Prosecution
91 currently pending
Career history
1052
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
1.0%
-39.0% vs TC avg
§103
46.5%
+6.5% vs TC avg
§102
17.6%
-22.4% vs TC avg
§112
27.5%
-12.5% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 961 resolved cases

Office Action

§112
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 112(b) The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112(b): (b) CONCLUSION.—The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor regards as the invention. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph: The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the applicant regards as his invention. Claims 12 and 13 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph, as being indefinite for failing to particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor (or for applications subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, the applicant), regards as the invention. Claim 12 recites: 12. The system of claim 14, wherein the direct contact cooler is further fluidly coupled to the water wash station to receive ammonia-rich wash water therefrom through the ammonia-rich wash water inlet. Emphasis added. Claim 12 is indefinite because “ammonia-rich” is relative terminology that the disclosure fails to provide a standard of measuring and for which a person of ordinary skill in the art would be unable to ascertain the meaning of. See MPEP 2173.05(b). Claim 12 is also indefinite because “the ammonia-rich wash water inlet” lacks antecedent basis, as claim 14 introduces “a wash water inlet.” Claim 13 is indefinite because it depends from claim 12. Also, claim 13 recites: 13. The system of claim 12, further comprising: a heat exchanger adapted to transfer heat from chilled water circulating in the second treatment section of the direct contact cooler to ammonia-rich wash water flowing from the water wash station to the direct contact cooler. Emphasis added. Claim 13 is indefinite because “ammonia-rich” is relative terminology that the disclosure fails to provide a standard of measuring and for which a person of ordinary skill in the art would be unable to ascertain the meaning of. See MPEP 2173.05(b). Claim 13 is also indefinite because it is unclear whether the “ammonia-rich wash water” is the same as the “ammonia-rich wash water” of claim 12 or as the “wash water” of claim 14. Allowable Subject Matter Claims 14, 15, 2–5, 8–11 and 16–20 are allowed. Claims 12 and 13 would be allowable if the 35 U.S.C. 112(b) issues are resolved. The claims are allowable over Koss, US 2013/0042759 A1. Independent claim 14 is allowable over Koss because the reference is silent as to a heater connected to the set of nozzles 22 or 27 (either being the “ammonia-rich wash water inlet of the direct contact cooler”) and adapted to heat the cooling liquid from the “wash water station” to the pre-conditioning section 3 (the “direct contact cooler”). It would not have bene obvious to add a heater because the cooling water supplied by nozzles 22, 27 is intended for cooling the flue gas. Claim 15 is allowable over Koss because the reference is silent as to an ammonium carbonate separator fluidly coupled with pipe 53 (the “chilled water outlet”) and adapted to receive a side stream of ammonium-carbonates loaded water from the pipe 53 and to decompose the ammonium carbonates into ammonia and carbon dioxide, and there is no discussion in the reference of ammonium carbonates being generated. The dependent claims are allowable because they depend from claims 14 or 15. Withdrawn Claims Withdrawn claims 21–25 should either be cancelled or amended to directly mirror the language of claims 14 or 15 (this could be done by amending claim 21 to depend from claim 14 or 15). Note that a notice of allowance is unlikely to be communicated until the withdrawn claims are cancelled or amended in the manner described above. Response to Arguments Claim Objections The Examiner withdraws the previous objections to claim 20. 35 U.S.C. 112(b) Rejections The Examiner withdraws the previous 35 U.S.C. 112(b) rejections, except with respect to claims 12 and 13. 35 U.S.C. 102 & 103 Rejections The Examiner withdraws the previous 35 U.S.C. 102 & 103 rejections in light of the amendments. Conclusion Applicant's amendment necessitated the new ground(s) of rejection presented in this Office action. Accordingly, THIS ACTION IS MADE FINAL. See MPEP § 706.07(a). Applicant is reminded of the extension of time policy as set forth in 37 CFR 1.136(a). A shortened statutory period for reply to this final action is set to expire THREE MONTHS from the mailing date of this action. In the event a first reply is filed within TWO MONTHS of the mailing date of this final action and the advisory action is not mailed until after the end of the THREE-MONTH shortened statutory period, then the shortened statutory period will expire on the date the advisory action is mailed, and any nonprovisional extension fee (37 CFR 1.17(a)) pursuant to 37 CFR 1.136(a) will be calculated from the mailing date of the advisory action. In no event, however, will the statutory period for reply expire later than SIX MONTHS from the mailing date of this final action. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to T. BENNETT MCKENZIE whose telephone number is (571)270-5327. The examiner can normally be reached Mon-Thurs 7:30AM-6:00PM. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Jennifer Dieterle can be reached at 571-270-7872. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. T. BENNETT MCKENZIE Primary Examiner Art Unit 1776 /T. BENNETT MCKENZIE/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 1776
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Feb 21, 2023
Application Filed
Nov 03, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §112
Feb 10, 2026
Response Filed
Mar 23, 2026
Final Rejection — §112 (current)

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Prosecution Projections

3-4
Expected OA Rounds
57%
Grant Probability
80%
With Interview (+22.9%)
3y 3m
Median Time to Grant
Moderate
PTA Risk
Based on 961 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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