Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/085,548

Methods and Apparatus Relating to Communication of Path Switching Capability Information Between a Network Device and a UE device To Enable Efficient Switching of Multi-Access (MA) Traffic Between Non-3GPP Access Paths

Final Rejection §103§DP
Filed
Dec 20, 2022
Examiner
DIVITO, WALTER J
Art Unit
2465
Tech Center
2400 — Computer Networks
Assignee
Charter Communications Operating LLC
OA Round
2 (Final)
83%
Grant Probability
Favorable
3-4
OA Rounds
2y 10m
To Grant
94%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 83% — above average
83%
Career Allow Rate
432 granted / 519 resolved
+25.2% vs TC avg
Moderate +11% lift
Without
With
+11.0%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 10m
Avg Prosecution
29 currently pending
Career history
548
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
3.4%
-36.6% vs TC avg
§103
51.5%
+11.5% vs TC avg
§102
20.2%
-19.8% vs TC avg
§112
15.4%
-24.6% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 519 resolved cases

Office Action

§103 §DP
Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Response to Amendment Applicant's submission filed on 11/03/25 has been entered. Claims 1-30 are pending. Information Disclosure Statement The information disclosure statement is in compliance with the provisions of 37 CFR 1.97. Accordingly, the information disclosure statement is being considered by the examiner. Objections Withdrawn Objections to Figures 1A, 1B, and 1. Objection to Claim 20. Response to Arguments Applicant's arguments filed 11/03/25 have been fully considered but they are not persuasive. Regarding the independent claims, Applicant argues neither 3GPP nor Kim disclose the amended limitation that requires a registration request which includes both an initial registration and path switching capability info [Remarks pg. 13-14]. Examiner concedes Applicant’s argument with respect to 3GPP and has removed that reference from the below rejection. Additionally, upon further searching, Examiner found Salkintzis (US 20250294493 A1), which unlike Applicant’s amended limitations, separates the initial registration and path switching messages [par. 0079, 100]. However, original reference Kim clearly indicates a request for registration to the AMF, where the UE transmits “at least one of” (i.e., both) initial registration and N3GPP path switching [par. 0149, 176, fig. 4B no. 5a]. Consequently, since Kim discloses the amended limitations as claimed, the claims remain rejected. Double Patenting The nonstatutory double patenting rejection is based on a judicially created doctrine grounded in public policy (a policy reflected in the statute) so as to prevent the unjustified or improper timewise extension of the “right to exclude” granted by a patent and to prevent possible harassment by multiple assignees. A nonstatutory double patenting rejection is appropriate where the conflicting claims are not identical, but at least one examined application claim is not patentably distinct from the reference claim(s) because the examined application claim is either anticipated by, or would have been obvious over, the reference claim(s). See, e.g., In re Berg, 140 F.3d 1428, 46 USPQ2d 1226 (Fed. Cir. 1998); In re Goodman, 11 F.3d 1046, 29 USPQ2d 2010 (Fed. Cir. 1993); In re Longi, 759 F.2d 887, 225 USPQ 645 (Fed. Cir. 1985); In re Van Ornum, 686 F.2d 937, 214 USPQ 761 (CCPA 1982); In re Vogel, 422 F.2d 438, 164 USPQ 619 (CCPA 1970); In re Thorington, 418 F.2d 528, 163 USPQ 644 (CCPA 1969). A timely filed terminal disclaimer in compliance with 37 CFR 1.321(c) or 1.321(d) may be used to overcome an actual or provisional rejection based on nonstatutory double patenting provided the reference application or patent either is shown to be commonly owned with the examined application, or claims an invention made as a result of activities undertaken within the scope of a joint research agreement. See MPEP § 717.02 for applications subject to examination under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA as explained in MPEP § 2159. See MPEP § 2146 et seq. for applications not subject to examination under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . A terminal disclaimer must be signed in compliance with 37 CFR 1.321(b). The filing of a terminal disclaimer by itself is not a complete reply to a nonstatutory double patenting (NSDP) rejection. A complete reply requires that the terminal disclaimer be accompanied by a reply requesting reconsideration of the prior Office action. Even where the NSDP rejection is provisional the reply must be complete. See MPEP § 804, subsection I.B.1. For a reply to a non-final Office action, see 37 CFR 1.111(a). For a reply to final Office action, see 37 CFR 1.113(c). A request for reconsideration while not provided for in 37 CFR 1.113(c) may be filed after final for consideration. See MPEP §§ 706.07(e) and 714.13. The USPTO Internet website contains terminal disclaimer forms which may be used. Please visit www.uspto.gov/patent/patents-forms. The actual filing date of the application in which the form is filed determines what form (e.g., PTO/SB/25, PTO/SB/26, PTO/AIA /25, or PTO/AIA /26) should be used. A web-based eTerminal Disclaimer may be filled out completely online using web-screens. An eTerminal Disclaimer that meets all requirements is auto-processed and approved immediately upon submission. For more information about eTerminal Disclaimers, refer to www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/applying-online/eterminal-disclaimer. Claims 1-30 are provisionally rejected on the ground of nonstatutory double patenting as being unpatentable over their respective claims of copending Application No. 18/085539 (reference application). Although the claims at issue are not identical, they are not patentably distinct from each other. For instance, claim 1 of the instant application is similar to claim 16 of the reference application, but from the opposite perspective (i.e., network interface device vs. UE). A similar analysis can be performed for the other independent claims. This is a provisional nonstatutory double patenting rejection because the patentably indistinct claims have not in fact been patented. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis (i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA ) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. The factual inquiries for establishing a background for determining obviousness under 35 U.S.C. 103 are summarized as follows: 1. Determining the scope and contents of the prior art. 2. Ascertaining the differences between the prior art and the claims at issue. 3. Resolving the level of ordinary skill in the pertinent art. 4. Considering objective evidence present in the application indicating obviousness or nonobviousness. This application currently names joint inventors. In considering patentability of the claims the examiner presumes that the subject matter of the various claims was commonly owned as of the effective filing date of the claimed invention(s) absent any evidence to the contrary. Applicant is advised of the obligation under 37 CFR 1.56 to point out the inventor and effective filing dates of each claim that was not commonly owned as of the effective filing date of the later invention in order for the examiner to consider the applicability of 35 U.S.C. 102(b)(2)(C) for any potential 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(2) prior art against the later invention. Claims 1-8, 9-15 and 16-25, 26-30 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable Kim (US 20230319757 A1) in view of Lu. Regarding claim 1, Kim discloses a communications method [fig. 3A-C, 4A-D, 5A-D], the method comprising: operating a network interface device [fig. 3A no. 310, 320] to receive a first message from a first User Equipment (UE) [fig. 3A no. 10], said first message including an initial registration request message that includes a message type indicator indicating an initial registration request message type and path switching capability information indicating whether the first UE supports path switching of Multi-Access Protocol Data Unit (MA PDU) sessions between non-3GPP (N3GPP) access paths (Registration request includes path switching indication, where access path switching is between different types of non-3GPP access using N3IWF and TNGF (i.e., between non-3GPP) [par. 0107-108, 0135, 138-139, fig. 3A no. 2, 4A no. 2, 3a, par. 0149, 176, fig. 4B no. 5a]); and operating the network interface device to send a registration accept message to the first UE in response to the initial registration request message, said registration accept message … selected to support first UE communications sessions and including AMF path switching capability information indicating the path switching support capability of the identified AMF [fig. 4D no. 10]. Although Kim discloses MA PDU sessions, as discussed above, Kim does not explicitly disclose including the globally unique AMF identifier (GUAMI) of an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) identifying an AMF. However, these concepts are well known as disclosed by Lu. In the same field of endeavor, Lu discloses: including the globally unique AMF identifier (GUAMI) of an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) identifying an AMF [pg. 7 no. 8, fig. 3]. It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to modify Kim with Lu. One of ordinary skill in the art would have been motivated to perform such a modification given the benefit of performing AMF relocation [Lu pg. 3 “Detailed Description” par. 1]. Regarding claim 9, it is substantially similar to claim 1, except is in apparatus claim format, and is rejected under substantially similar reasoning, where Kim further discloses a communications system [fig. 1-2, 6-15] comprising: a network interface device [fig. 8 no. 310, fig. 9 no. 320] including: a first receiver [fig. 8 no. 311, fig. 9 no. 321]; a first transmitter [fig. 8 no. 311, fig. 9 no. 321]; and a first processor [fig. 8 no. 312, fig. 9 no. 322]. Regarding claims 2 and 10, Kim and Lu disclose everything claimed, as applied above. Kim further discloses: wherein the path switching capability information in the registration accept message indicates that the identified AMF does not support path switching of Multi-Access Protocol Data Unit ((MA PDU) sessions between non-3GPP (N3GPP) access paths [par. 0145-146, 179, 198]. Regarding claims 3 and 11, Kim and Lu disclose everything claimed, as applied above. Kim further discloses: wherein the path switching capability information in the registration accept message indicates that the identified AMF supports path switching of MA PDU sessions between N3GPP access paths [par. 0145-146, 179, 198]. Regarding claims 4 and 12, Kim and Lu disclose everything claimed, as applied above. Kim further discloses further comprising: operating the identified AMF to receive an initiate MA PDU session establishment message from the first UE [fig. 4A no. 3a]. Regarding claim 12, Kim discloses a second receiver (More components, including at least one (i.e., second) receiver [fig. 8, par. 0212, 214]); and a second processor (More components, including at least one (i.e., second) processor [fig. 8, par. 0212, 214]). Regarding claims 5 and 13, Kim and Lu disclose everything claimed, as applied above. Kim further discloses further comprising: operating the identified AMF to select a session management function session management function (SMF) which supports path switching of MA PDU sessions between N3GPP access paths to be used to support first UE communications [fig. 4A no. 3b]. Regarding claims 6 and 14, Kim and Lu disclose everything claimed, as applied above. Kim further discloses further comprising: operating the identified AMF to send a create session management (SM) context request to the selected SMF to create SM context for the first UE at the selected SMF [fig. 4A no. 3c]. Regarding claims 7 and 15, Kim and Lu disclose everything claimed, as applied above. Kim further discloses: wherein sending the create SM content request is sent by the selected SMF as part of establishing an MA PDU session for the first UE in response to the initiate MA PDU session establishment message received from the first UE [fig. 4A no. 3a-c]. Regarding claim 8, Kim and Lu disclose everything claimed, as applied above. Kim further discloses further comprising: operating another network interface device to communicate with the UE via a MA PDU path established in response to the initiate MA PDU session establishment message [fig. 4A no. 3d (N3IWF), 4B no. 6d (TNGF)]. Regarding claims 16 and 26, they are substantially similar to claims 1 and 9 respectively, except are from the perspective of the UE, and are rejected under substantially similar reasoning, where Kim further discloses a first UE device [fig. 6 no. 10] comprising, a wireless transmitter [fig. 6 no. 11], a wireless receiver [fig. 6 no. 11], and a processor [fig. 6 no. 12]. Regarding claims 17 and 27, Kim and Lu disclose everything claimed, as applied above. Kim further discloses: wherein said initial registration request message includes path switching capability information indicating whether the first UE device supports path switching of MA PDU sessions between N3GPP access paths (Registration request includes path switching indication, where access path switching is between different types of non-3GPP access using N3IWF and TNGF (i.e., between non-3GPP) [par. 0107-108, 0135, 138-139, fig. 3A no. 2, 4A no. 2, 3a]). Regarding claim 18, Kim and Lu disclose everything claimed, as applied above. Kim further discloses: wherein said first network interface device is a 3GPP Next Generation-Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) device, e.g., a gNB base station [fig. 4A no. 20]. Regarding claim 19, Kim and Lu disclose everything claimed, as applied above. Kim further discloses: wherein said first network interface device is a non- 3GPP Interworking Function (N3IWF) [fig. 4A no. 310]. Regarding claim 20, Kim and Lu disclose everything claimed, as applied above. Kim further discloses: wherein said first network interface device is a Trusted Network Gateway Function (TNGF) [fig. 4B no. 320]. Regarding claim 21, Kim and Lu disclose everything claimed, as applied above. Kim further discloses: wherein said AMF path switching capability information is communicated via a mandatory field [fig. 4D no. 10, where one of ordinary skill in the art would recognize the “Path Switching Support Indicator” is a “mandatory” field]. Regarding claim 22, Kim and Lu disclose everything claimed, as applied above. Kim further discloses: wherein the path switching capability information in the registration accept message indicates that the identified AMF does not support path switching of MA PDU sessions between N3GPP access paths [par. 0145-146, 179, 198]. Regarding claims 23 and 28, Kim and Lu disclose everything claimed, as applied above. Kim further discloses: wherein the path switching capability information in the registration accept message indicates that the identified AMF supports path switching of MA PDU sessions between N3GPP access paths [par. 0145-146, 179, 198]. Regarding claims 24 and 29, Kim and Lu disclose everything claimed, as applied above. Kim further discloses: wherein said initial registration request message includes path switching capability information indicating whether the first UE device supports path switching of MA PDU sessions between N3GPP access paths (Registration request includes path switching indication, where access path switching is between different types of non-3GPP access using N3IWF and TNGF (i.e., between non-3GPP) [par. 0107-108, 0135, 138-139, fig. 3A no. 2, 4A no. 2, 3a]). Regarding claims 25 and 30, Kim and Lu disclose everything claimed, as applied above. Kim further discloses further comprising: operating the first UE device to participate in a first MA PDU session, said participating including communications via a first path, said first path including a first N3GPP access device [fig. 4A-D, 5A-D]; operating the first UE device to perform a path switch of the first MA PDU session from the first path to a second path, said second path including a second N3GPP access device [fig. 4A-D, 5A-D]; and operating the first UE device to continue participating in the first MA PDU session, said continuing participating in the first MA PDU session including communications via the second path [fig. 4A-D, 5A-D]. Conclusion Applicant's amendment necessitated the new ground(s) of rejection presented in this Office action. Accordingly, THIS ACTION IS MADE FINAL. See MPEP § 706.07(a). Applicant is reminded of the extension of time policy as set forth in 37 CFR 1.136(a). A shortened statutory period for reply to this final action is set to expire THREE MONTHS from the mailing date of this action. In the event a first reply is filed within TWO MONTHS of the mailing date of this final action and the advisory action is not mailed until after the end of the THREE-MONTH shortened statutory period, then the shortened statutory period will expire on the date the advisory action is mailed, and any nonprovisional extension fee (37 CFR 1.17(a)) pursuant to 37 CFR 1.136(a) will be calculated from the mailing date of the advisory action. In no event, however, will the statutory period for reply expire later than SIX MONTHS from the mailing date of this final action. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to Walter J DiVito whose telephone number is (571)272-2556. The examiner can normally be reached M-R: 8 am - 6 pm (PST). Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Gary Mui can be reached on 571-270-1420. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /WALTER J DIVITO/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 2465
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Dec 20, 2022
Application Filed
Apr 30, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §103, §DP
Nov 03, 2025
Response Filed
Jan 21, 2026
Final Rejection — §103, §DP (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

3-4
Expected OA Rounds
83%
Grant Probability
94%
With Interview (+11.0%)
2y 10m
Median Time to Grant
Moderate
PTA Risk
Based on 519 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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