Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/086,099

LITHIUM-ION BATTERY

Final Rejection §103
Filed
Dec 21, 2022
Examiner
MARTIN, ANGELA J
Art Unit
1727
Tech Center
1700 — Chemical & Materials Engineering
Assignee
Prime Planet Energy & Solutions Inc.
OA Round
2 (Final)
68%
Grant Probability
Favorable
3-4
OA Rounds
4y 1m
To Grant
35%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 68% — above average
68%
Career Allow Rate
586 granted / 868 resolved
+2.5% vs TC avg
Minimal -32% lift
Without
With
+-32.4%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
4y 1m
Avg Prosecution
81 currently pending
Career history
949
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
0.2%
-39.8% vs TC avg
§103
64.1%
+24.1% vs TC avg
§102
26.0%
-14.0% vs TC avg
§112
7.9%
-32.1% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 868 resolved cases

Office Action

§103
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . The Applicant has amended independent claim 1; and canceled claim 3. The pending claims are claims 1, 2, 4--6. Applicant's amendment necessitated the new ground(s) of rejection presented in this Office action. Accordingly, THIS ACTION IS MADE FINAL. See MPEP § 706.07(a). Applicant is reminded of the extension of time policy as set forth in 37 CFR 1.136(a). A shortened statutory period for reply to this final action is set to expire THREE MONTHS from the mailing date of this action. In the event a first reply is filed within TWO MONTHS of the mailing date of this final action and the advisory action is not mailed until after the end of the THREE-MONTH shortened statutory period, then the shortened statutory period will expire on the date the advisory action is mailed, and any nonprovisional extension fee (37 CFR 1.17(a)) pursuant to 37 CFR 1.136(a) will be calculated from the mailing date of the advisory action. In no event, however, will the statutory period for reply expire later than SIX MONTHS from the mailing date of this final action. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claim(s) 1, 2, 4-6 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Okamura et al., US 2010/0209763, in view of Hong et al., KR 20190024680 (JP 2019046795). Regarding claim 1, Okamura et al., teaches a lithium-ion battery (0068; 0109), comprising: a positive electrode including a positive electrode mixture material (0066) containing positive electrode active material particles (0019; 0044; 0069; 0071) and a conductive material (0077; 0081); a negative electrode (0069) including a negative electrode mixture material (0084-0085; 0088); and an electrolyte (0021; 0068), wherein: the positive electrode active material particles of the positive electrode mixture material include primary particles (0011), a first particle aggregate of the primary particles (0031; 0044) cohered into a hollow mass with a hollow portion (Fig. 4, 5) having a diameter of less than 1 um (Fig. 7; 0039; 0.1 to 5 um), and a second particle aggregate of the primary particles cohered into a hollow mass with a hollow portion having a diameter of 1 um or greater (Fig. 7; 0038-0039), each of the first particle aggregate (0011) and the second particle aggregate (0011) includes a shell (edges of the particle groups) and the hollow portion (gaps inbetween the shells/edges) is formed in the shell (Fig. 5-6; first active material particles 3; second active material particles 4; primary particle 5); when referring to the primary particles and the first particle aggregate as first particles (Fig. 1-6), a percentage of a total volume of the first particles with respect to a total volume of the positive electrode active material particles is 5% or greater and 70% or less (0024; 0056); the positive electrode mixture material has a void percentage of 30% or greater and 50% or less (Fig. 4). Okamura does not teach the conductive material has an aspect ratio of 1:10 or greater. However, A prima facie case of obviousness may be made when chemical compounds have very close structural similarities and similar utilities. "An obviousness rejection based on similarity in chemical structure and function entails the motivation of one skilled in the art to make a claimed compound, in the expectation that compounds similar in structure will have similar properties." In re Payne, 606 F.2d 303, 313, 203 USPQ 245, 254 (CCPA 1979). See In re Papesch, 315 F.2d 381, 137 USPQ 43 (CCPA 1963). Regarding claim 2, Okamura et al., teaches, wherein the percentage of the volume of the first particles is 20% or greater and 50% or less (0024; 0056). Regarding claim 4, Okamura et al., does not teach wherein the aspect ratio of the conductive material is 1:30 or greater. However, A prima facie case of obviousness may be made when chemical compounds have very close structural similarities and similar utilities. "An obviousness rejection based on similarity in chemical structure and function entails the motivation of one skilled in the art to make a claimed compound, in the expectation that compounds similar in structure will have similar properties." In re Payne, 606 F.2d 303, 313, 203 USPQ 245, 254 (CCPA 1979). See In re Papesch, 315 F.2d 381, 137 USPQ 43 (CCPA 1963). Regarding claim 5, Okamura et al., does not teach wherein a content percentage of the conductive material with respect to weight of positive electrode mixture material is 0.1 wt% or greater and 5 wt% or less. However, A prima facie case of obviousness may be made when chemical compounds have very close structural similarities and similar utilities. "An obviousness rejection based on similarity in chemical structure and function entails the motivation of one skilled in the art to make a claimed compound, in the expectation that compounds similar in structure will have similar properties." In re Payne, 606 F.2d 303, 313, 203 USPQ 245, 254 (CCPA 1979). See In re Papesch, 315 F.2d 381, 137 USPQ 43 (CCPA 1963). Regarding claim 6, Okamura et al., does not teach wherein the conductive material (0050; 0071; 0077) has an average diameter of 1 nm or greater and 100 nm or less. However, A prima facie case of obviousness may be made when chemical compounds have very close structural similarities and similar utilities. "An obviousness rejection based on similarity in chemical structure and function entails the motivation of one skilled in the art to make a claimed compound, in the expectation that compounds similar in structure will have similar properties." In re Payne, 606 F.2d 303, 313, 203 USPQ 245, 254 (CCPA 1979). See In re Papesch, 315 F.2d 381, 137 USPQ 43 (CCPA 1963). Response to Arguments Applicant's arguments filed 10/31/2025 have been fully considered but they are not persuasive. Applicant argues that “Okamura fails to disclose at least "each of the first particle aggregate and the second particle aggregate includes a shell, and the hollow portion is formed in the shell" as now recited in amended claim 1”. However, Okamura teaches each of the first particle aggregate (0011) and the second particle aggregate (0011) includes a shell (edges of the particle groups) and the hollow portion (gaps inbetween the shells/edges) is formed in the shell (Fig. 5-6; first active material particles 3; second active material particles 4; primary particle 5). The Applicant argues that “Okamura teaches minimizing the void percentage as much as possible.” , Okamura teaches a void percentage within the claimed void percentage of 20% to 50% (0024; 0056), as can be seen in the Figure 4. Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to ANGELA J MARTIN whose telephone number is (571)272-1288. The examiner can normally be reached 7am-4pm. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Barbara Gilliam can be reached at 571-272-1330. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. ANGELA J. MARTIN Examiner Art Unit 1727 /ANGELA J MARTIN/Examiner, Art Unit 1727 /BARBARA L GILLIAM/Supervisory Patent Examiner, Art Unit 1727
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Dec 21, 2022
Application Filed
Aug 22, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §103
Oct 31, 2025
Response Filed
Feb 03, 2026
Final Rejection — §103
Apr 06, 2026
Interview Requested

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

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2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 07, 2026
Patent 12592429
HEAT EXHANGER AND BATTERY SYSTEM INCLUDING SAME
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Patent 12586866
High-Strength Separator
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Patent 12562370
Electrode for Lithium Secondary Battery, Method of Preparing the Same and Lithium Secondary Battery Including the Same
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Patent 12548862
ELECTRODE ASSEMBLY AND BATTERY
2y 5m to grant Granted Feb 10, 2026
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

3-4
Expected OA Rounds
68%
Grant Probability
35%
With Interview (-32.4%)
4y 1m
Median Time to Grant
Moderate
PTA Risk
Based on 868 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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