Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/093,913

HYBRID HEATER FOR POOLS AND SPAS

Non-Final OA §102§103
Filed
Jan 06, 2023
Examiner
PAIK, SANG YEOP
Art Unit
3761
Tech Center
3700 — Mechanical Engineering & Manufacturing
Assignee
ZODIAC POOL SYSTEMS LLC
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
65%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
3y 9m
To Grant
82%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 65% — above average
65%
Career Allow Rate
907 granted / 1386 resolved
-4.6% vs TC avg
Strong +16% interview lift
Without
With
+16.5%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 9m
Avg Prosecution
48 currently pending
Career history
1434
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
0.1%
-39.9% vs TC avg
§103
57.6%
+17.6% vs TC avg
§102
17.6%
-22.4% vs TC avg
§112
17.4%
-22.6% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 1386 resolved cases

Office Action

§102 §103
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis (i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA ) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(2) the claimed invention was described in a patent issued under section 151, or in an application for patent published or deemed published under section 122(b), in which the patent or application, as the case may be, names another inventor and was effectively filed before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claim(s) 1-10, 12-16 and 18-20 s/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(2) as being anticipated by Carrasco et al (US 2023/0127276). With respect to claim 1, Carrasco discloses the structure of the heater (100) claimed including an enclosure (102), a first heating source (130) within the enclosure, and a second heating source (120/122) within the enclosure wherein the first heat source comprises an electric heater (para 0038). With respect to claims 2 and 3, Carrasco discloses the first source being an electric heater which uses an electric power wherein the second heat source is supplied with an electric current rendering the second heat source an electric heat pump using a same type of power source (i.e., electric power source) as that of the first heat source. Also, see para 0014. With respect to claim 4, Carrasco discloses a controller (160) that is configured to control operation of the first heat source and the second heat source (para 0051). With respect to claim 5, Carrasco discloses the controller with a sensor (129) associated with the heater that further determines and control an operation of the first heat source and the second heat source (para 0051). With respect to claims 6 and 7, Carrasco discloses the controller that receive information about a desired temperature (via a temperature sensor 108) to determine an operating mode based on the received temperature to control the first heat source (the electric heater) and the second heat source (heat pump; also, see para 0006-0009) wherein the operation mode comprises at least one of an activation or deactivation of the first heat source or the second heat source (para 0027), a heating duration (expected heating time), a heating output of the second heat source (a heat output of the heat pump; para 0010), and/or a heating pattern for optimized energy efficiency (i.e., determining a cost of operating the heating system including current price data; para 0027, 0062 and 0065). With respect to claim 8, Carrasco discloses for the controller that is configured to control operation the first heat source or the second heat source (para 0027 and 0051), or both the first heat source and the second heat source (as different or overlapping operation times/durations can be assigned to each available heating source; para 075-0076). With respect to claim 9, Carrasco discloses at least a sensor (108, 110 or 129) associated with the heater. With respect to claim 10, Carrasco discloses the electric heater is an electric resistance heater (para 0055). With respect to claim 12, Carrasco disclose the heater claimed including an enclosure (102), an electric heat pump (122; para 0014) with the enclosure, and an electric resistance heater (130; para 0055) within the enclosure. With respect to claim 13, Carrasco discloses at least a sensor (108, 110 or 129) associated with the heater. With respect to claim 14, Carrasco discloses the controller that receive information about a desired temperature (via a temperature sensor 108) to determine an operating mode based on the received temperature to control the electric resistance heater and the electric heat pump(para 0006-0009). With respect to claim 15, Carrasco discloses for the controller that is configured to control operation only the electric resistance heater or the electric heat pump (para 0027 and 0051), or both the electric resistance heater and the electric heat pump (as different or overlapping operation times/durations can be assigned to each available heating source; para 075-0076). With respect to claim 16, Carrasco discloses the method claimed including using a heater that receives information about a desired temperature of the pool (via a temperature sensor 101), and determining and controlling an operating mode of the heater based on the received information (para 0006-0009) wherein the heater includes an enclosure (102), a first heating source (130) within the enclosure, and a second heating source (120/122) within the enclosure wherein the first heat source comprises an electric resistance heater (para 0038 and 0055). With respect to claim 18, Carrasco discloses receiving the information via a wireless transmission by a controller of the heater (para 0058). With respect to claim 19, Carrasco discloses the method including at least one of an activation or deactivation of the first heat source or the second heat source (para 0027 and 0051), a heating duration (expected heating time), a heating output of the second heat source (a heat output of the heat pump; para 0010), and/or a heating pattern for optimized energy efficiency (i.e., determining a cost of operating the heating system including current price data; para 0062 and 0065). With respect to claim 20, Carrasco discloses the method including the controller that control activation only the first heat source, activating only the second heat source (para 0051), or both the first heat source and the second heat source (as different or overlapping operation times/durations can be assigned to each available heating source; para 075-0076). Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis (i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA ) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claim(s) 11 and 17 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Carrasco et al (US 2023/0127276). Carrasco disclose the structure and method claimed for a heater that operates only the second heat source (heat pump; para 0075) as a normal mode, or operating both the first heat source and the second heat source as a fast heat mode (para 0072 and 0075 when multiple heat sources are operated), and Carrasco also allows for operating only the first heat source (para 0027 and 0051) but does not explicitly disclose for operating the first heat source or both the first heat source and the second heat source to minimize or prevent ice. However, Carrasco discloses for generating a heating schedule (para 0070) for setting a threshold water temperature at a various time of use, and it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art to adapt Carrasco for setting such threshold water temperature to maintain a desired water temperature, i.e., including the temperature minimizing or preventing ice so that the pool water can be adequately heated by the time pool is ready for use by operating the first heat source via the controller (para 0051) or by operating both the first heat source and the second heat source if the second heat source alone is unable to sufficiently heat the water as a matter of routine operations and experimentations. Conclusion The prior art made of record and not relied upon is considered pertinent to applicant's disclosure: Na et al (US 2007/0079436), Kreutzman (US 2015/0354833), and Roetker et al (US 2013/0202277). Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to SANG Y PAIK whose telephone number is (571)272-4783. The examiner can normally be reached 9:00-5:30; M-F. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Helena Kosanovic can be reached at 571-272-9059. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /SANG Y PAIK/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 3761
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Jan 06, 2023
Application Filed
Dec 16, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §102, §103 (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
65%
Grant Probability
82%
With Interview (+16.5%)
3y 9m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 1386 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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