Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 17, 2026
Application No. 18/098,622

ANIMAL INTERACTION DEVICES, SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Final Rejection §103
Filed
Jan 18, 2023
Examiner
VALENTI, ANDREA M
Art Unit
3643
Tech Center
3600 — Transportation & Electronic Commerce
Assignee
unknown
OA Round
4 (Final)
42%
Grant Probability
Moderate
5-6
OA Rounds
3y 2m
To Grant
99%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 42% of resolved cases
42%
Career Allow Rate
312 granted / 736 resolved
-9.6% vs TC avg
Strong +58% interview lift
Without
With
+58.0%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 2m
Avg Prosecution
43 currently pending
Career history
779
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
0.2%
-39.8% vs TC avg
§103
52.9%
+12.9% vs TC avg
§102
22.3%
-17.7% vs TC avg
§112
16.5%
-23.5% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 736 resolved cases

Office Action

§103
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis (i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA ) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claim(s) 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over U.S. Patent No. 10,091,972 to Jensen et al in view of U.S. Patent Pub. No. 2006/0011146 to Kates and U.S. Patent No. 2015/0168365 to Connor. Regarding Claims 1 and 3, Jensen teaches an animal interaction apparatus, comprising: a tray (Jensen #103), at least one feedback device (Jensen Col. 8 lines 9-42; Col. 30 lines 54- 59; Col. 31 lines 9-14); at least one camera (Jensen #443); an optical animal food identification device, the optical animal food identification device determining the contents of the tray (Jensen Col. 14 lines 45-64; Jensen teaches the type of food is identified, what is in the tray; "optical animal food identification device" could merely be a human eye without any additional structure claimed); a computer in communication (Jensen Col. 4 lines 55-67; Col. 5 lines 1-67) with the feedback device and the at least one camera, the computer estimating the animal's position (Jensen #441) and providing feedback to the animal via the feedback device; and the feedback based at least in part on the contents of the tray (Jensen Col.7 Line 46-60; #215). Jensen is silent on the at least one feedback device located on an animal. However, Kates teaches the general knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art that it is known to provide a feedback device on the animal (Kates #102; paragraph [0045] computer #103 communicates with #102 collar on dog; paragraph [0049]) and to a human (Kates #112 cell phone). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art to modify the teachings of Jensen with the teachings of Kates before the effective filing date of the claimed invention with a reasonable expectation of success to provide positive reinforcement and/or training as taught by Kates. The modification is merely the application of a known technique to a known device ready for improvement to yield predictable results. Jensen as modified teaches identifying the food optically (Jensen Col. 14 line 45-65), but is silent on explicitly identifying the food while in the tray and an optical animal food identification device comprising a light source of a known intensity and reflectivity measuring device determining an amount of food in the tray based on the reflectivity of the tray. However, Connor teaches the general knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art that it is known to provide an optical identification device that determines the contents of a tray, with an optical animal food identification device comprising a light source of a known intensity and reflectivity measuring device determining an amount of food in the tray based on the reflectivity of the tray (Connor abstract, paragraph [0121], [0149] spectroscopy, [0163]-[0165], [0101] amount of food; Fig. 12 #1201 and #1001). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art to further modify the teaching of Jensen with the teaching of Connor before the effective filing date of the claimed invention with a reasonable expectation of success as a weight management tool as taught by Connor. The modification is merely the application of a known technique to a known device ready for improvement to yield predictable results. Regarding Claim 4, Jensen as modified teaches determining the contents of the tray comprises determining the quantity of food dispensed (Jensen Col. 13 lines 25-44). Regarding Claim 5, Jensen as modified teaches the feedback comprises instructions to the animal to exercise (Jensen Col. 30 lines 1-23; italics indicates function and these are apparatus claims and the claim merely claims the structure of instructions; Kates paragraph [0096], [0097], element #102). Regarding Claim 6, Jensen as modified teaches the computer determines whether the animal exercised (Jensen #453 activity sensor; Col. 25 lines 5-19; Kates paragraph [0050)). Regarding Claim 7, Jensen as modified teaches the instructions comprise audio instructions (Jensen Col. 29 lines 54-65; Col. 13 lines 1-15). Regarding Claim 8, Jensen as modified teaches the instructions comprise video instructions (Jensen Col. 29 lines 54-65; Col. 13 lines 1-15). Regarding Claim 9, Jensen as modified teaches the instructions comprise a scent (Jensen #447, smell sensor; in addition, the scent of the food or treat in the dish is an indicator to eat; applicant hasn't claimed a specific sent nor how the sent is structurally generated; Kates paragraph [0012]). Claim(s) 10-14 and 16 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over U.S. Patent No. 10,091,972 to Jensen et al in view of U.S. Patent Pub. No. 2006/0011146 to Kates, US. Patent Pub. No. 2015/0168365 to Connor and PCT WO 2015/101992 to Weisberg et al. Regarding Claims 10 and 11, Jensen teaches an animal interaction apparatus, comprising: a food tray (Jensen #103), at least one feedback device (Jensen Col. 8 lines 9-42; Col. 30 lines 54- 59; Col. 31 lines 9-14); at least one camera (Jensen #443); an optical animal food identification device, (Jensen Col. 14 lines 45-64; Jensen teaches the type of food is identified, what is in the tray; "optical animal food identification device" could merely be a human eye without any additional structure claimed); a computer in communication (Jensen Col. 4 lines 55-67; Col. 5 lines 1-67) with the feedback device and the at least one camera, the computer providing feedback to the animal via the feedback device; and the feedback based at least in part on the contents of the tray (Jensen Col.7 Line 46-60; #215). Jensen is silent on the at least one feedback device located on an animal. However, Kates teaches the general knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art that it is known to provide a feedback device on the animal (Kates #102; paragraph [0045] computer #103 communicates with #102 collar on dog; paragraph [0049]) and to a human (Kates #112 cell phone). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art to modify the teachings of Jensen with the teachings of Kates before the effective filing date of the claimed invention with a reasonable expectation of success to provide positive reinforcement and/or training as taught by Kates. The modification is merely the application of a known technique to a known device ready for improvement to yield predictable results. Jensen as modified teaches identifying the food optically (Jensen Col. 14 line 45-65), but is silent on explicitly identifying the food while in the tray and an optical animal food identification device comprising a light source of a known intensity and reflectivity measuring device determining an amount of food in the tray based on the reflectivity of the tray. However, Connor teaches the general knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art that it is known to provide an optical identification device that determines the contents of a tray, with an optical animal food identification device comprising a light source of a known intensity and reflectivity measuring device determining an amount of food in the tray based on the reflectivity of the tray (Connor abstract, paragraph [0121], [0149] spectroscopy, [0163]-[0165], [0101] amount of food; Fig. 12 #1201 and #1001). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art to further modify the teaching of Jensen with the teaching of Connor before the effective filing date of the claimed invention with a reasonable expectation of success as a weight management tool as taught by Connor. The modification is merely the application of a known technique to a known device ready for improvement to yield predictable results. Jensen as modified teaches food identification sensor (Jensen Col. 5 line 55; bowl sensor #215; Connor spectroscopy which could inherently incorporate LEDs), but is silent on explicitly teaching the optical food identification device comprises two LEDS emitting different wavelengths. However, Weisberg teaches the general knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art that it is known to provide an optical food identification device comprises a light source and a reflectivity measuring device two LEDS emitting different wavelengths (Weisberg abstract; Fig. 13; page 39 lines 1-5; page 78 lines 15-18). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art to further modify the teachings of Jensen with the teachings of Weisberg before the effective filing date of the claimed invention with a reasonable expectation of success to determine food safety, amount of meat, food quality and/or energy efficient light source. The modification is merely the application of a known technique to a known device ready for improvement to yield predictable results and/or the simple substitution of one known light source/sensor for another to obtain predictable results. Jensen as modified teaches an optical sensor; at least two LEDs emitting different wavelengths on a surface of the tray; a computer processor operably coupled to the optical animal food identification device, the computer processor determining the contents of the food tray (Weisberg page 39 lines 1-4; Connor abstract). Regarding Claim 12, Jensen as modified teaches an expected reflectivity range of the tray is calibrated under different conditions (Weisberg page 6 line 29; page 7 lines 1-7). Regarding Claim 13, Jensen as modified teaches one of the different conditions is a wet tray (Jensen Col. 7 lines 45-67; Weisberg abstract; page 78 lines 15-18, these are apparatus claims and the structure of Jensen as modified by the sensor of Weisberg satisfies the limitation of the claims). Regarding Claim 14, Jensen as modified teaches one of the at least two LEDs emits red wavelengths and another of the at least two LEDs emits green or blue wavelengths, and the tray is determined to be wet by a high level of absorption of the red wavelengths and a low level of absorption of the green or blue wavelengths. (Weisberg page 39 lines 1-4) Regarding Claim 16, Jensen as modified teaches one of the different conditions is a dirty tray (Jensen Col. 30 lines 54-58 and Table 6). Claim(s) 15 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over U.S. Patent No. 10,091,972 to Jensen et al in view of U.S. Patent Pub. No. 2006/0011146 to Kates, US. Patent Pub. No. 2015/0168365 to Connor and PCT WO 2015/101992 to Weisberg et al as applied to claims 10, 12, 13, 14 above, and further in view of U.S. Patent No. 6,363,886 to Statton. Regarding Claim 15, Jensen as modified is silent on when the tray is determined to be wet, a drying function is triggered. However, Statton teaches the general knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art that it is known to provide a heater on a feeder that is capable of performing a drying function (Statton Col. 2 line 9-11). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art to further modify the teachings of Jensen with the teachings of Statton before the effective filing date of the claimed invention with a reasonable expectation of success to us in cold climates as taught by Statton. The modification is merely the application of a known technique to a known device ready for improvement to yield predictable results. The claims are apparatus claims and it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art to modify the apparatus with the apparatus of the dryer of Statton. Claim(s) 17, 18, 19, 20 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over U.S. Patent No. 10,091,972 to Jensen et al in view of U.S. Patent Pub. No. 2006/0011146 to Kates, US. Patent Pub. No. 2015/0168365 to Connor and PCT WO 2015/101992 to Weisberg et al as applied to claims 10, 12, 13 above, and further in view of United Kingdom Patent GB 2454658 to Friedmann. Regarding Claim 17, Jensen teaches an animal interaction apparatus, comprising: a tray (Jensen #103), at least one feedback device (Jensen Col. 8 lines 9-42; Col. 30 lines 54- 59; Col. 31 lines 9-14); at least one camera (Jensen #443); an optical animal food identification device, the optical animal food identification device determining the contents of the tray (Jensen Col. 14 lines 45-64; Jensen teaches the type of food is identified, what is in the tray; "optical animal food identification device" could merely be a human eye without any additional structure claimed); a computer in communication (Jensen Col. 4 lines 55-67; Col. 5 lines 1-67) with the feedback device and the at least one camera, the computer estimating the animal's position (Jensen #441) and providing feedback to the animal via the feedback device; and the feedback based at least in part on the contents of the tray (Jensen Col.7 Line 46-60; #215). Jensen is silent on the at least one feedback device located on an animal. However, Kates teaches the general knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art that it is known to provide a feedback device on the animal (Kates #102; paragraph [0045] computer #103 communicates with #102 collar on dog; paragraph [0049]) and to a human (Kates #112 cell phone). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art to modify the teachings of Jensen with the teachings of Kates before the effective filing date of the claimed invention with a reasonable expectation of success to provide positive reinforcement and/or training as taught by Kates. The modification is merely the application of a known technique to a known device ready for improvement to yield predictable results. Jensen as modified teaches identifying the food optically (Jensen Col. 14 line 45-65), but is silent on explicitly identifying the food while in the tray and an optical animal food identification device comprising a light source of a known intensity and reflectivity measuring device determining an amount of food in the tray based on the reflectivity of the tray. However, Connor teaches the general knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art that it is known to provide an optical identification device that determines the contents of a tray, with an optical animal food identification device comprising a light source of a known intensity and reflectivity measuring device determining an amount of food in the tray based on the reflectivity of the tray (Connor abstract, paragraph [0121], [0149] spectroscopy, [0163]-[0165], [0101] amount of food; Fig. 12 #1201 and #1001). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art to further modify the teaching of Jensen with the teaching of Connor before the effective filing date of the claimed invention with a reasonable expectation of success as a weight management tool as taught by Connor. The modification is merely the application of a known technique to a known device ready for improvement to yield predictable results. Jensen as modified teaches food identification sensor (Jensen Col. 5 line 55; bowl sensor #215), but is silent on explicitly teaching the optical food identification device comprises a light source and a reflectivity measuring device, two LEDs emitting different wavelengths. However, Weisberg teaches the general knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art that it is known to provide an optical food identification device comprises a light source and a reflectivity measuring device two LEDs emitting different wavelengths (Weisberg abstract; Fig. 13; page 39 lines 1-5; page 78 lines 15-18). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art to further modify the teachings of Jensen with the teachings of Weisberg before the effective filing date of the claimed invention with a reasonable expectation of success to determine food safety, amount of meat, food quality and/or energy efficient light source. The modification is merely the application of a known technique to a known device ready for improvement to yield predictable results and/or the simple substitution of one known light/sensor for another to obtain predictable results. Jensen as modified teaches an animal interaction apparatus and the feedback device providing positive feedback in the way of a food reward when the animal substantially follows the instructions, and the computer adjusting a quantity of the food reward the animal receives based on identification by the optical animal food identification device of characteristics of the food being presented (Jensen Col. 24 lines 41-43; Kates paragraph [0008], [0050]); the computer determines whether the animal exercised (Jensen #453 activity sensor; Col. 25 lines 5-19; Kates paragraph [0050]; Kates paragraph [0096], [0097], element #102)) adjusting the amount of food in the tray based on weight of the animal (Jensen Col. 25 lines 5-19; abstract). Jensen as modified is silent on a weight management device comprising a pad operably connected to the animal interaction device and providing positive feedback to the animal in the way of a food reward when the animal substantially follows the exercise instructions and steps on the pad, and the computer adjusting a quantity of the food reward the animal receives based on a weight of the animal. However, Friedman teaches the general knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art when providing a smart automatic feeder it is known to provide a weight management device comprising a pad operably connected to the animal interaction device and providing positive feedback to the animal in the way of a food reward when the animal substantially follows the exercise instructions and steps on the pad, and the computer adjusting a quantity of the food reward the animal receives based on a weight of the animal (Friedman Fig. 1 #41 and #11). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art to further modify the teachings of Jensen with the teachings of Friedman before the effective filing date of the claimed invention with a reasonable expectation of success for automated care as taught by Friedman. The modification is merely the application of a known technique to a known device ready for improvement to yield predictable results. Regarding Claim 19, Jensen as modified teaches the instructions comprise audio instructions (Jensen Col. 29 lines 54-65; Col. 13 lines 1-15). Regarding Claim 20, Jensen as modified teaches the instructions comprise video instructions (Jensen Col. 29 lines 54-65; Col. 13 lines 1-15). Regarding Claim 18, Jensen as modified teaches the instructions comprise a scent (Jensen #447, smell sensor; in addition, the scent of the food or treat in the dish is an indicator to eat; applicant hasn't claimed a specific sent nor how the sent is structurally generated; Kates paragraph [0012]). Response to Arguments Applicant’s arguments with respect to claim(s) 1 and 3-20 have been considered but are moot because the new ground of rejection does not rely on any combination of reference applied in the prior rejection of record for any teaching or matter specifically challenged in the argument. The examiner maintains that applicant hasn’t patentably distinguished over the prior art of record. Conclusion Applicant's amendment necessitated the new ground(s) of rejection presented in this Office action. Accordingly, THIS ACTION IS MADE FINAL. See MPEP § 706.07(a). Applicant is reminded of the extension of time policy as set forth in 37 CFR 1.136(a). A shortened statutory period for reply to this final action is set to expire THREE MONTHS from the mailing date of this action. In the event a first reply is filed within TWO MONTHS of the mailing date of this final action and the advisory action is not mailed until after the end of the THREE-MONTH shortened statutory period, then the shortened statutory period will expire on the date the advisory action is mailed, and any nonprovisional extension fee (37 CFR 1.17(a)) pursuant to 37 CFR 1.136(a) will be calculated from the mailing date of the advisory action. In no event, however, will the statutory period for reply expire later than SIX MONTHS from the mailing date of this final action. /ANDREA M VALENTI/ Primary Examiner, Art Unit 3643 09 March 2026
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Prosecution Timeline

Jan 18, 2023
Application Filed
Dec 11, 2023
Non-Final Rejection — §103
Jun 17, 2024
Response Filed
Oct 01, 2024
Final Rejection — §103
Apr 02, 2025
Request for Continued Examination
Apr 07, 2025
Response after Non-Final Action
Jul 01, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §103
Jan 05, 2026
Response Filed
Mar 09, 2026
Final Rejection — §103 (current)

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Prosecution Projections

5-6
Expected OA Rounds
42%
Grant Probability
99%
With Interview (+58.0%)
3y 2m
Median Time to Grant
High
PTA Risk
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