Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 17, 2026
Application No. 18/138,103

METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF A CLAY POWDER AND A METHOD FOR SOIL IMPROVEMENT WITH THE CLAY POWDER

Non-Final OA §112
Filed
Apr 23, 2023
Examiner
LAGMAN, FREDERICK LYNDON
Art Unit
3678
Tech Center
3600 — Transportation & Electronic Commerce
Assignee
unknown
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
83%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
2y 1m
To Grant
94%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 83% — above average
83%
Career Allow Rate
1334 granted / 1610 resolved
+30.9% vs TC avg
Moderate +11% lift
Without
With
+11.2%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Fast prosecutor
2y 1m
Avg Prosecution
38 currently pending
Career history
1648
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
0.1%
-39.9% vs TC avg
§103
32.9%
-7.1% vs TC avg
§102
33.7%
-6.3% vs TC avg
§112
19.0%
-21.0% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 1610 resolved cases

Office Action

§112
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Election/Restrictions Applicant’s election without traverse of Group III, Claims 9-15 in the reply filed on 10/1/25 is acknowledged. Claims 1-8 are withdrawn from further consideration pursuant to 37 CFR 1.142(b) as being drawn to a nonelected invention, there being no allowable generic or linking claim. Election was made without traverse in the reply filed on 10/1/25. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 112 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112(b): (b) CONCLUSION.—The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor regards as the invention. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph: The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the applicant regards as his invention. Claim 9, hence claim 10-15 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph, as being indefinite for failing to particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor (or for applications subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, the applicant), regards as the invention. Claim 9 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph, as being incomplete for omitting essential steps, such omission amounting to a gap between the steps. See MPEP § 2172.01. The omitted steps are: either of “forming from the batch clay a modified clay power…” or “forming the modified clay power is performed by grinding and/or crushing and/or shredding the batch clay in a rotating ball mill”. Furthermore, claim 9 recites “acquiring a batch clay”; however, there is no other associated step involving the batch clay. The batch clay is acquired so as to be able to form the modified clay powder. So, as mentioned above, it appears that an additional step of “forming from the batch clay a modified clay power…” or “forming the modified clay power is performed by grinding and/or crushing and/or shredding the batch clay in a rotating ball mill” is required. Claim 9 recites the limitation "the predetermined construction site" in lines 17-18. There is insufficient antecedent basis for this limitation in the claim. Claim 9 recites the limitation "the structure" in line 19. There is insufficient antecedent basis for this limitation in the claim. It appears that step g) should read --g) applying the spray mixture obtained in step f) to a predetermined construction site to form a structure,--. Claim 9 recites the limitation "the predetermined construction site" in line 2. There is insufficient antecedent basis for this limitation in the claim. Allowable Subject Matter Claims 9-15 would be allowable if rewritten or amended to overcome the rejection(s) under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), 2nd paragraph, set forth in this Office action. The following is a statement of reasons for the indication of allowable subject matter: As best understood, the prior art of record fails to show or suggest, the method of claim 9 with annotated amendment in bold. 9. A method for improving the stability of a soil sample, the method comprising steps of: a) acquiring the soil sample, b) acquiring a batch clay, wherein the batch clay comprises kaolinite and/or and/or montmorillonite and/or bentonite and/or smectite and/or illite and/or chlorite and/or vermiculite and/or talc and/or pyrophyllite, c) forming from the batch clay a modified clay power with an average particle size of between 2 nm and 150 nm, d) forming an aqueous suspension of the modified clay powder, e) placing the aqueous suspension of the modified clay powder in an ultrasonic water bath for 5-30 min to disperse the clay powder for geochemical fractionation, f) mixing the aqueous suspension of the modified clay powder obtained in step e) with the soil sample in a weight ratio of the aqueous suspension of the clay powder to the soil sample of between 1:100 wt/wt and 18:100 wt/wt, wherein the result of step f) is a spray mixture, g) applying the spray mixture obtained in step f) to a predetermined construction site to form a structure, h) allowing the structure obtained in step g) to harden for a curing time. Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to FREDERICK L LAGMAN whose telephone number is (571)272-7043. The examiner can normally be reached Tuesday-Friday 8am-6:00pm. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Amber Anderson can be reached at 571-270-5281. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /FREDERICK L LAGMAN/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 3678
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Prosecution Timeline

Apr 23, 2023
Application Filed
Jan 26, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §112 (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
83%
Grant Probability
94%
With Interview (+11.2%)
2y 1m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 1610 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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