DETAILED ACTION
Response to Amendment
The Examiner acknowledges the Applicant’s response containing amendments to the claims.
Claims 12-17 are currently pending.
The amendments are sufficient to overcome the previous rejection. However, an updated search and consideration finds the pending claims do not overcome the prior art. A final rejection follows.
FINAL REJECTION
Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103
In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis (i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA ) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status.
The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action:
A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made.
Claims 12-17 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Wang et al. “Support Free porous polyamine particles for CO2 Capture.” ACS Macro Letters (2012), 1, 944-948 in view of Xu et al. “Microporous organic polymers as CO2 adsorbents: advances and challenges” Materials Today Advances 6 (2020) 100052 and in further view of Begag et al. US Patent 9,931,612.
Regarding claim 12, Wang teaches a system for carbon capture comprising a microporous organic polymer (MOP) (page 944, first column and abstract) where the polymer contains amine vinyl monomers in the backbone (page 944, second column and page 945 scheme 1).
Wang does not explicitly teach aerogels, but does teach a highly porous and high specific surface area MOP (page 947, last paragraph).
Xu teaches a system for carbon capture comprising a microporous organic polymer (MOP) (page 1, first column and abstract) in the form of aerogels (page 6, section 4) where the polymer incorporates amine to improve carbon capture (Table 1, page 4 last paragraph, page 6 second paragraph). Aerogels have been found to provide a sorbent structure with low density and high surface area which are desirable for efficient carbon capture. Thus, it would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art to use aerogel structures for the MOP sorbent.
Wang and Xu do not explicitly teach at least 5 wt% of amine containing vinyl monomers are integrated into the polymer backbone. However, Xu does teach that the incorporation of amine functionally into MOP frameworks enhance the adsorption of CO2 even at low pressures (page 4, second column second to third paragraphs). This demonstrates that the amount of amine incorporated into the MOP is a result effective variable affecting CO2 capture performance.
Wang further teaches that amine monomers in the backbone of porous polymers used for CO2 adsorption (page 945, scheme 1) provide a strong carbon capture capacity at ambient conditions (direct air capture, page 947 last paragraph). Wang found good capture capacity with 6.9 mmol/g of amines accessible to HCl (page 947 last paragraph). This indicates that there is high amine loading and high accessible amine loading in the polymer and that increasing the accessible amine sites is ideal for increasing carbon capture.
Since Wang teaches that increasing the accessible amine site density improves carbon capture efficiency and demonstrates high accessible amine loading (6.9 mmol/g), one having ordinary skill in the art would recognize that the amount of amine incorporated into the polymer backbone is a result effective variable and would have optimized by routine experimentation. Accordingly in light of Xu and Wang, it would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art to optimize the amount of amine-containing vinyl monomer incorporated into the polymer backbone by routine experimentation, at least 5 wt% amine monomers.
Xu and Wang do not explicitly disclose the pore sizes are in the range of 10 nm to 100 nm.
However, Begag teaches a carbon capture material comprising a polymeric aerogel with a pore distribution in Figure 5. The pore diameters range in Figure 5 teach a pore size with average peaks between 10 nm and 100 nm. A broad pore size distribution in this range facilitates the access of carbon dioxide amine sites (column 21 line 31).
Thus, it would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill at the time of filing to modify Xu with the pore sizes of Begag (10-100 nm) because the size distribution has been found to improve carbon capture by facilitating the access of carbon dioxide on the amine sites.
Regarding claims 13 and 14, Xu teaches the MOP can be in the form of granules, fibers and monolith adsorbents (abstract, page 1, last paragraph, and page 6 section 4). The function of Xu is carbon dioxide adsorption; thus it is taken that the monolith would be a monolith sorbr.
Regarding claim 15, Wang teaches a system for carbon capture comprising a microporous organic polymer (MOP) (page 944, first column and abstract) where the polymer contains amine vinyl monomers in the backbone (page 944, second column and page 945 scheme 1).
Wang does not explicitly teach aerogels, but does teach a highly porous and high specific surface area MOP (page 947, last paragraph).
Xu teaches a system for carbon capture comprising a microporous organic polymer (MOP) (page 1, first column and abstract) in the form of aerogels (page 6, section 4) where the polymer incorporates amine to improve carbon capture (Table 1, page 4 last paragraph, page 6 second paragraph). Aerogels have been found to provide a sorbent structure with low density and high surface area which are desirable for efficient carbon capture. Thus, it would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art to use aerogel structures for the MOP sorbent.
Wang and Xu do not explicitly teach at least 5 wt% of amine containing vinyl monomers are integrated into the polymer backbone. However, Xu does teach that the incorporation of amine functionally into MOP frameworks enhance the adsorption of CO2 even at low pressures (page 4, second column second to third paragraphs). This demonstrates that the amount of amine incorporated into the MOP is a result effective variable affecting CO2 capture performance.
Wang further teaches that amine monomers in the backbone of porous polymers used for CO2 adsorption (page 945, scheme 1) provide a strong carbon capture capacity at ambient conditions (direct air capture, page 947 last paragraph). Wang found good capture capacity with 6.9 mmol/g of amines accessible to HCl (page 947 last paragraph). This indicates that there is high amine loading and high accessible amine loading in the polymer and that increasing the accessible amine sites is ideal for increasing carbon capture.
Since Wang teaches that increasing the accessible amine site density improves carbon capture efficiency and demonstrates high accessible amine loading (6.9 mmol/g), one having ordinary skill in the art would recognize that the amount of amine incorporated into the polymer backbone is a result effective variable and would have optimized by routine experimentation. Accordingly in light of Xu and Wang, it would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art to optimize the amount of amine-containing vinyl monomer incorporated into the polymer backbone by routine experimentation, at least 5 wt% amine monomers.
Wang does not explicitly teach the molecular weight of the monomer being less than 100 g/mol. However, Wang does teach incorporating N-methyl-N-vinylformamide (MVF) into the polymer backbone, where MVF is known to have a molecular weight of about 71g/mol, thus less than 100 g/mol.
Regarding claims 16 and 17, Xu teaches the MOP can be in the form of granules, fibers and monolith adsorbents (abstract, page 1, last paragraph, and page 6 section 4). The function of Xu is carbon dioxide adsorption; thus, it is taken that the monolith would be a monolith sorber.
Conclusion
Applicant's amendment necessitated the new ground(s) of rejection presented in this Office action. Accordingly, THIS ACTION IS MADE FINAL. See MPEP § 706.07(a). Applicant is reminded of the extension of time policy as set forth in 37 CFR 1.136(a).
A shortened statutory period for reply to this final action is set to expire THREE MONTHS from the mailing date of this action. In the event a first reply is filed within TWO MONTHS of the mailing date of this final action and the advisory action is not mailed until after the end of the THREE-MONTH shortened statutory period, then the shortened statutory period will expire on the date the advisory action is mailed, and any nonprovisional extension fee (37 CFR 1.17(a)) pursuant to 37 CFR 1.136(a) will be calculated from the mailing date of the advisory action. In no event, however, will the statutory period for reply expire later than SIX MONTHS from the mailing date of this final action.
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/SHARON PREGLER/ Primary Examiner, Art Unit 1772
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