Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/176,079

SECONDARY BATTERY, BATTERY PACK, VEHICLE, AND STATIONARY POWER SUPPLY

Final Rejection §102
Filed
Feb 28, 2023
Examiner
MARTIN, ANGELA J
Art Unit
1727
Tech Center
1700 — Chemical & Materials Engineering
Assignee
Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
OA Round
2 (Final)
68%
Grant Probability
Favorable
3-4
OA Rounds
4y 1m
To Grant
35%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 68% — above average
68%
Career Allow Rate
586 granted / 868 resolved
+2.5% vs TC avg
Minimal -32% lift
Without
With
+-32.4%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
4y 1m
Avg Prosecution
81 currently pending
Career history
949
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
0.2%
-39.8% vs TC avg
§103
64.1%
+24.1% vs TC avg
§102
26.0%
-14.0% vs TC avg
§112
7.9%
-32.1% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 868 resolved cases

Office Action

§102
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . The Applicant has amended independent claim 1 and dependent claim 3; and canceled claims 2 and 6; and added new dependent claim 14. The pending claims are claims 1, 3-5, 7-14. Applicant's amendment necessitated the new ground(s) of rejection presented in this Office action. Accordingly, THIS ACTION IS MADE FINAL. See MPEP § 706.07(a). Applicant is reminded of the extension of time policy as set forth in 37 CFR 1.136(a). A shortened statutory period for reply to this final action is set to expire THREE MONTHS from the mailing date of this action. In the event a first reply is filed within TWO MONTHS of the mailing date of this final action and the advisory action is not mailed until after the end of the THREE-MONTH shortened statutory period, then the shortened statutory period will expire on the date the advisory action is mailed, and any nonprovisional extension fee (37 CFR 1.17(a)) pursuant to 37 CFR 1.136(a) will be calculated from the mailing date of the advisory action. In no event, however, will the statutory period for reply expire later than SIX MONTHS from the mailing date of this final action. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale, or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claim(s) 1, 3-5, 7-14 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Hirasawa, JP 2021180084. Regarding claim 1, Hirasawa teaches a secondary battery (0007) comprising: a positive electrode (0007); a negative electrode (0007); an aqueous electrolyte (0093); and a gas treatment structure (0009; 0011) configured to be capable of treating hydrogen gas (0007; 0012; 0015) using an electrical conduction (0048; 0051; 0053; 0067) between the gas treatment structure and the positive electrode (0007; 0011), wherein the gas treatment structure (0007; 0011) comprises: a conductive porous substrate connected to the positive electrode (0061-0062); and a gas treatment layer (0009; 0011) provided on the porous substrate (0061-0062) and comprising at least one of a hydrogen storage alloy (0015; 0104). Regarding claim 3, Hirasawa teaches wherein the gas treatment structure (0007; 0011) further comprises: a layer provided on the other surface of the porous substrate (0061-0062) and having a gas flow path (0093). Regarding claim 4, Hirasawa teaches wherein the gas treatment structure (0007; 0011) is electrically connected to the positive electrode (0085) via a resistor (0003; 0018; 0060). Regarding claim 5, Hirasawa teaches wherein the gas treatment structure (0007; 0011) is electrically connected to the positive electrode (0085) via a switching element (0085; 0088). Regarding claim 7, Hirasawa teaches wherein the secondary battery is a lithium ion secondary battery (0007; 0009). Regarding claim 8, Hirasawa teaches battery pack comprising the secondary battery according to claim 1 (0010; 0085; 0087). Regarding claim 9, Hirasawa teaches further comprising: an external power distribution terminal (0007; 0085; 0088); and a protective circuit (0007; 0011; 0017). Regarding claim 10, Hirasawa teaches comprising a plurality of the secondary battery (0007; 0009), wherein the secondary batteries are electrically connected in series, in parallel, or in combination of series and parallel (Figures). Regarding claim 11, Hirasawa teaches vehicle (0003) comprising the battery pack according to claim 8 (0010; 0085; 0087). Regarding claim 12, Hirasawa teaches vehicle (0003) according to claim 11, comprising a mechanism configured to convert kinetic energy of the vehicle into regenerative energy (0025; 0030; 0038). Regarding claim 13, Hirasawa teaches stationary power source (0096) comprising the battery pack according to claim 8 (0010; 0085; 0087). Regarding claim 14, Hirasawa teaches the gas treatment structure converts hydrogen gas to water (0007; 0012; 0015). Thus, the claims are anticipated. Response to Arguments Applicant's arguments filed 12/10/2025 have been fully considered but they are not persuasive. The Applicant argues that “Hirasawa discloses a binder resin composition used in a positive electrode (Hirasawa at [0092]-[0093]), which is different from the "aqueous electrolyte" of the present invention.” However, Hirasawa teaches “an aqueous solution prepared by dissolving 0.968 g of ammonium persulfate as a polymerization initiator in 76 g of purified water was added.” (0093). “Ammonium persulfate is used as an aqueous electrolyte in various electrochemical processes…It is produced by electrolyzing ammonium sulfate, where ammonium sulfate serves as the anode feedstock and ammonium persulfate is generated on the cathode side.” (Google.com). Applicant argues that Hirasawa does not disclose that the metal layer is porous. However, Hirasawa teaches a porous metal layer (porosity of the separator) (0007) (0062; 0104). The Applicant argues that “the gas occlusion portion 7 disclosed in Hirasawa merely has the function of occluding hydrogen gas. See Hirasawa at [0012]. The structure and effect of the gas treatment structure recited in claim 1 of the present application thus differs from those of the gas occlusion portion 7 disclosed in Hirasawa.” However, Hirasawa teaches a gas storage member 7 (0007; 0011-0015; 0086-0087). Applicant argues that “the gas occlusion portion 7 disclosed in Hirasawa merely has the function of occluding hydrogen gas. See Hirasawa t [0012]. The structure and effect of the gas treatment structure recited in claim 1 of the present application thus differs from those of the gas occlusion portion 7 disclosed in Hirasawa.” However, “occluding” refers to closing or shutting off or blocking an opening or passage. Hirasawa does not teach “hydrogen occlusion”; Hirasawa teaches gas storage (0007; 0011-0015; 0086-0087). Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to ANGELA J MARTIN whose telephone number is (571)272-1288. The examiner can normally be reached 7am-4pm. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Barbara Gilliam can be reached at 571-272-1330. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. ANGELA J. MARTIN Examiner Art Unit 1727 /ANGELA J MARTIN/Examiner, Art Unit 1727 /BARBARA L GILLIAM/Supervisory Patent Examiner, Art Unit 1727
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Feb 28, 2023
Application Filed
Sep 05, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §102
Dec 10, 2025
Response Filed
Mar 17, 2026
Final Rejection — §102 (current)

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

Patent 12597613
NEGATIVE ELECTRODE COMPOSITION, NEGATIVE ELECTRODE SLURRY, NEGATIVE ELECTRODE PLATE, AND SECONDARY BATTERY AND ELECTRICAL DEVICE CONTAINING SAME
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 07, 2026
Patent 12592429
HEAT EXHANGER AND BATTERY SYSTEM INCLUDING SAME
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 31, 2026
Patent 12586866
High-Strength Separator
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 24, 2026
Patent 12562370
Electrode for Lithium Secondary Battery, Method of Preparing the Same and Lithium Secondary Battery Including the Same
2y 5m to grant Granted Feb 24, 2026
Patent 12548862
ELECTRODE ASSEMBLY AND BATTERY
2y 5m to grant Granted Feb 10, 2026
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

3-4
Expected OA Rounds
68%
Grant Probability
35%
With Interview (-32.4%)
4y 1m
Median Time to Grant
Moderate
PTA Risk
Based on 868 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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