Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/177,423

ZINC SECONDARY BATTERY

Non-Final OA §112
Filed
Mar 02, 2023
Examiner
WILLS, MONIQUE M
Art Unit
1723
Tech Center
1700 — Chemical & Materials Engineering
Assignee
NGK Insulators Ltd.
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
86%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
2y 10m
To Grant
54%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 86% — above average
86%
Career Allow Rate
1354 granted / 1580 resolved
+20.7% vs TC avg
Minimal -32% lift
Without
With
+-31.7%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 10m
Avg Prosecution
53 currently pending
Career history
1633
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
0.2%
-39.8% vs TC avg
§103
58.8%
+18.8% vs TC avg
§102
19.4%
-20.6% vs TC avg
§112
17.3%
-22.7% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 1580 resolved cases

Office Action

§112
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Foreign Priority Documents The Japanese foreign priority document(s) JP2020-194748 & JP2020-200578, submitted under 35 U.S.C. § 119 (a)-(d), was/were been received on April 12, 2023 and placed of record in the file. Information Disclosure Statement The information disclosure statements filed May 30, 2023 has/have been received and complies with the provisions of 37 CFR 1.97, 1.98 and MPEP § 609. Accordingly, the information disclosure statement(s) is/are being considered by the examiner, and an initialed copied is attached herewith. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 112 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112(b): (b) CONCLUSION.—The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor regards as the invention. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph: The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the applicant regards as his invention. Claims 1-15 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph, as being indefinite for failing to particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor (or for applications subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, the applicant), regards as the invention. The term “LDH-like” in claim 1 is a relative term which renders the claim indefinite. The term “LDH-like” is not defined by the claim, the specification does not provide a standard for ascertaining the requisite degree, and one of ordinary skill in the art would not be reasonably apprised of the scope of the invention. In the specification at paragraph [0033]: the LDH-like compound separator includes a layered double hydroxide (LDH)-like compound, and can isolate a positive electrode plate from a negative electrode plate and ensures hydroxide ionic conductivity therebetween in a secondary zinc battery. The LDH-like compound separator functions as a hydroxide ionic conductive separator. Preferred LDH-like compound separator has gas-impermeability and/or water-impermeability. In other words, the LDH-like compound separator is preferably densified to an extent that exhibits gas-impermeability and/or water-impermeability. However, the specification does not provide a standard for ascertaining the requisite degree required for non-hydroxide compounds to qualify as “LDH-like”. Claims 2-15 are rejected based on dependency to claim 1. Claims 2-3, 5-6, 10-11 & 13 include the term “LDH-like” which is a relative term which renders the claim indefinite. The term “LDH-like” is not defined by the claim, the specification does not provide a standard for ascertaining the requisite degree, and one of ordinary skill in the art would not be reasonably apprised of the scope of the invention. In the specification at paragraph [0033]: the LDH-like compound separator includes a layered double hydroxide (LDH)-like compound, and can isolate a positive electrode plate from a negative electrode plate and ensures hydroxide ionic conductivity therebetween in a secondary zinc battery. The LDH-like compound separator functions as a hydroxide ionic conductive separator. Preferred LDH-like compound separator has gas-impermeability and/or water-impermeability. In other words, the LDH-like compound separator is preferably densified to an extent that exhibits gas-impermeability and/or water-impermeability. However, the specification does not provide a standard for ascertaining the requisite degree required for non-hydroxide compounds to qualify as “LDH-like”. For the purposes of this Office Action, the term will be considered an oxide or hydroxide with hydroxide ion conductivity. See the specification at paragraph [0033]. Allowable Subject Matter Claim 1 would be allowable if rewritten or amended to overcome the rejection(s) under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), 2nd paragraph, set forth in this Office action. The instant claim would be allowable over the prior art of record, because the prior art is silent to a secondary zinc battery comprising: a unit cell comprising; a positive-electrode plate comprising a positive-electrode active material layer and a positive-electrode collector; a negative-electrode plate comprising a negative-electrode active material layer and a negative-electrode collector, the negative-electrode active material layer comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of elemental zinc, zinc oxide, zinc alloys, and zinc compounds; an LDH-like compound separator covering or wrapping around the entire negative-electrode active material layer; the LDH-like compound separator comprising a layered double hydroxide (LDH)-like compound, and an electrolytic solution, wherein the positive-electrode active material layer, the negative-electrode active material layer, and the LDH-like compound separator each have a quadrilateral planar shape, wherein the positive-electrode collector has a positive-electrode collector tab extending from a first edge of the positive-electrode active material layer, and the negative-electrode collector has a negative-electrode collector tab extending from a second edge of the negative-electrode active material layer and beyond a vertical edge of the LDH-like compound separator, the first edge being opposite to the second edge, the unit cell being capable of collecting electricity from the positive-electrode collector tab and the negative-electrode collector tab, the positive-electrode collector tab and the negative-electrode collector tab being disposed at opposite edges of the unit cell, and wherein the LDH-like compound separator has at least two continuous closed edges, provided that an edge, adjacent to the negative-electrode collector tab, of the LDH-like compound separator is open. The prior art, such as Gonda et al. U.S. Pub. 2019/0267597, teaches a secondary zinc battery [0003], comprising: a unit cell (Fig. 1), comprising; a positive-electrode plate (12; [0047]), comprising a positive-electrode active material layer (nickel hydroxide and/or nickel oxyhydroxide; [0047]); a negative-electrode plate comprising a negative-electrode active material layer (14; zinc, zinc oxide; [0047]), the negative-electrode active material layer comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of elemental zinc, zinc oxide, zinc alloys, and zinc compounds (zinc, zinc oxide; [0047]); the LDH-like compound separator comprising a layered double hydroxide (LDH)-like compound (LDH separator 16 is capable of conducting hydroxide; ions; [0047]), and an electrolytic solution (electrolytic solution; [0054]), wherein the positive-electrode active material layer, the negative-electrode active material layer, and the LDH-like compound separator each have a quadrilateral planar shape (Fig. 1), wherein the positive-electrode collector has a positive-electrode collector tab extending from a first edge of the positive-electrode active material layer (positive-electrode collector 13. The positive-electrode collector 13 more preferably has a positive-electrode collector tab 13a extending from one side of the outer periphery of the positive-electrode plate 12; [0064]), and the negative-electrode collector has a negative-electrode collector tab extending from a second edge of the negative-electrode active material layer (negative-electrode collector 15 more preferably has a negative-electrode collector tab 15a extending from one side of the outer periphery of the negative-electrode plate 14; [0064]) and beyond a vertical edge of the LDH-like compound separator (FIGS. 6A to 6D). However, the prior art is silent to an LDH-like compound separator covering or wrapping around the entire negative-electrode active material layer; and wherein the LDH-like compound separator has at least two continuous closed edges, provided that an edge, adjacent to the negative-electrode collector tab, of the LDH-like compound separator is open. Therefore, the instant claims are patentably district from the prior art of record. Claims 2-15 would be allowable based on dependency to claim 1. Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to MONIQUE M WILLS whose telephone number is (571)272-1309. The Examiner can normally be reached on Monday-Friday from 8:30am to 5:00 pm. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the Examiner's supervisor, Tiffany Legette, may be reached at 571-270-7078. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of an application may be obtained from the Patent Application Information Retrieval (PAIR) system. Status information for published applications may be obtained from either Private PAIR or Public PAIR. Status information for unpublished applications is available through Private PAIR only. For more information about the PAIR system, see http://portal.uspto.gov/external/portal. Should you have questions on access to the Private PAIR system, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). /Monique M Wills/ Examiner, Art Unit 1722 /TIFFANY LEGETTE/Supervisory Patent Examiner, Art Unit 1723
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Prosecution Timeline

Mar 02, 2023
Application Filed
Sep 02, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §112
Nov 17, 2025
Examiner Interview Summary
Nov 17, 2025
Applicant Interview (Telephonic)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
86%
Grant Probability
54%
With Interview (-31.7%)
2y 10m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 1580 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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