Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/184,960

FREEZE CASTING OF ELECTRODES

Non-Final OA §102
Filed
Mar 16, 2023
Examiner
DOVE, TRACY MAE
Art Unit
1725
Tech Center
1700 — Chemical & Materials Engineering
Assignee
Ford Motor Company
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
69%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
3y 6m
To Grant
79%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 69% — above average
69%
Career Allow Rate
480 granted / 695 resolved
+4.1% vs TC avg
Moderate +10% lift
Without
With
+10.1%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 6m
Avg Prosecution
56 currently pending
Career history
751
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
0.2%
-39.8% vs TC avg
§103
35.6%
-4.4% vs TC avg
§102
26.8%
-13.2% vs TC avg
§112
29.8%
-10.2% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 695 resolved cases

Office Action

§102
Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Information Disclosure Statement The information disclosure statements (IDS) submitted on 3/16/23 and 11/12/25 have been considered by the examiner. Election/Restrictions Applicant’s election without traverse of Group II comprising claim 7-14 in the reply filed on 12/29/25 is acknowledged. Claims 1-6 and 15-20 are withdrawn as being directed toward a nonelected invention. Claim Interpretation Claim 14 recites the electrode active material is “Li-NMC”, which is defined on page 7 of the specification as “lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides (Li-NMC)”. Thus, Li-NMC is interpreted to mean lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale, or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claim(s) 7-13 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Heo et al., US 2022/0407181 A1, as evidenced by Wikipedia printout for tert-butyl alcohol. Heo teaches a first polymer solution and a second polymer solution that once prepared are mixed to prepare a third polymer solution (mixture). The first polymer solution is prepared by dissolving a first binder resin (first polymer) in a first solvent, while the second polymer solution is prepared by dissolving a second binder resin (second polymer) in a second solvent. The first solvent can dissolve the first binder resin, and is a non-solvent for the second binder resin. The first solvent may be one capable of dissolving the first binder resin. In addition, the first solvent is a non-solvent for the second binder resin. Non-limiting examples of the first solvent include any one selected from ketone solvents, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), or the like, or a mixture of two or more of them. The second solvent can dissolve the second binder resin, and is a non-solvent for the first binder resin. The second solvent may be one capable of dissolving the second binder resin. In addition, the second solvent is a non-solvent for the first binder resin. Non-limiting examples of the second solvent include at least one selected from water, methanol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, butanediol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and tripropylene glycol [0071-0074]. The second binder resin may comprise polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) [claim 1 of Heo]. The first binder resin comprises a fluorinated binder resin such as polyvinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene (a polypropylene containing polymer) [claim 2 of Heo]. Thus, the claims are anticipated. The first solvent, acetone (about 39 kPa @25°C) or MEK (about 13 kPa @25°C), of Heo inherently has a higher vaporization pressure than the second solvent, butyl alcohol (about 1 kPa @25°C), of Heo. Similarly, the second solvent, butyl alcohol (about 25°C), of Heo inherently has a greater freezing point than the first solvent, acetone (about -95°C) or MEK (about -86°C), of Heo. Regarding claim 10, butyl alcohol refers to a general category of alcohols with the formula C4H9OH, which includes butanol, isobutanol and t-butanol. Tert-butyl alcohol is a specific type of the butyl alcohol disclosed by Heo. This is evidenced by the below citation/tert-butyl alcohol Wikipedia definition. PNG media_image1.png 497 652 media_image1.png Greyscale Regarding claim 13, the polymer solution may comprise inorganic particles such as those disclosed at [0047-0048] of Heo. The inorganic particles may be Li3PO4, an active material. The inorganic particles may be lithium titanium phosphate, an active material. The broad limitation “an electrode support” of claim 13 has been given the broadest reasonable interpretation. The particles disclosed at [0047] or heat-absorbing material disclosed at [0050] may be considered the “electrode support”. PNG media_image2.png 236 634 media_image2.png Greyscale PNG media_image3.png 245 635 media_image3.png Greyscale * Claim(s) 7-9, 11 and 13-14 are is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Tanaka et al., US 2020/0295346 A1. Tanaka teaches a dispersion (composition comprising a mixture) including an electrode active material, a binder formed of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) (first polymer of present claims), a first solvent (second solvent of present claims) in which the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) is not dissolved, and a second solvent (first solvent of present claims) in which the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) can be dissolved [abstract]. Other binders such as polypropylene and ethylene-propylene block copolymer (second polymer of present claims) may be contained in the dispersion [0150]. Examples of the first solvent include ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and the like. The first solvent is a solvent having low volatility (that is, a low vapor pressure) . Specifically, the vapor pressure of the first solvent at 25°C is preferably less than 3,200 Pa, and more preferably less than 1,000 Pa [0179-0180]. The second solvent is preferably a solvent having high volatility from the viewpoint of easiness of removal, and examples thereof include dimethyl carbonate (dimethyl carbonate, DMC), acetone, ethanol, and the like. Among those, dimethyl carbonate is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of a low water content in the solvent. The second solvent (first solvent of present claims) is a solvent having higher volatility than the first solvent. In other words, the second solvent is a solvent whose vapor pressure is higher than that of the first solvent. Specifically, the vapor pressure of the second solvent at 25°C is more preferably 3,200 Pa or more, and still more preferably 6,000 Pa or more [0185-0186]. The freezing point of acetone (first solvent of present claims) is about -95°C. The second solvent is a solvent in which polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) can be dissolved [0184]. The first solvent is a solvent in which polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) is not dissolved [0178]. Thus, the claims are anticipated. Note the first solvent of Tanaka corresponds to the second solvent of the present claims and the second solvent of Tanaka corresponds to the first solvent of the present claims. Polypropylene is inherently not soluble in acetone. Regarding claims 13-14, the electrode active material may be lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide [0038]. The conductive aid may be carbon black [0051]. The dispersion may include the electrode active material and the conductive aid [0189]. PNG media_image4.png 233 643 media_image4.png Greyscale PNG media_image5.png 229 638 media_image5.png Greyscale Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to TRACY DOVE whose telephone number is (571)272-1285. The examiner can normally be reached M-F 9:00-3:00. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Nicole Buie-Hatcher can be reached at 571-270-3879. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /TRACY M DOVE/ Primary Examiner, Art Unit 1725
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Mar 16, 2023
Application Filed
Feb 11, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §102 (current)

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

Patent 12603290
ELECTRODE BINDER SLURRY COMPOSITION FOR LITHIUM ION ELECTRICAL STORAGE DEVICES
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 14, 2026
Patent 12597615
CURRENT COLLECTOR AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR, SECONDARY BATTERY, BATTERY MODULE, BATTERY PACK, AND POWER CONSUMING DEVICE
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 07, 2026
Patent 12592375
LITHIUM-SULFUR BATTERY CATHODE USING FABRIC MATERIAL, LITHIUM-SULFUR BATTERY COMPRISING SAME, AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 31, 2026
Patent 12592376
ELECTROCHEMICALLY GROWN ZINC OXIDE LAYER ON CURRENT COLLECTORS FOR MITIGATING GROWTH OF LITHIUM DENDRITES
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 31, 2026
Patent 12592392
ELECTRODE, METHOD FOR PREPARING SAME, BATTERY AND ELECTRICAL APPARATUS
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 31, 2026
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

AI Strategy Recommendation

Get an AI-powered prosecution strategy using examiner precedents, rejection analysis, and claim mapping.
Powered by AI — typically takes 5-10 seconds

Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
69%
Grant Probability
79%
With Interview (+10.1%)
3y 6m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 695 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

Sign in with your work email

Enter your email to receive a magic link. No password needed.

Personal email addresses (Gmail, Yahoo, etc.) are not accepted.

Free tier: 3 strategy analyses per month