Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/187,970

METHOD OF PROCESSING NON-FUNGIBLE TOKEN

Final Rejection §101
Filed
Mar 22, 2023
Examiner
QAYYUM, ZESHAN
Art Unit
3697
Tech Center
3600 — Transportation & Electronic Commerce
Assignee
Dunamu Inc.
OA Round
2 (Final)
40%
Grant Probability
Moderate
3-4
OA Rounds
5y 1m
To Grant
70%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 40% of resolved cases
40%
Career Allow Rate
172 granted / 429 resolved
-11.9% vs TC avg
Strong +30% interview lift
Without
With
+30.1%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
5y 1m
Avg Prosecution
30 currently pending
Career history
459
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
25.8%
-14.2% vs TC avg
§103
32.8%
-7.2% vs TC avg
§102
8.9%
-31.1% vs TC avg
§112
29.3%
-10.7% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 429 resolved cases

Office Action

§101
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Response to Arguments Applicant's arguments filed on 08/28/2025 have been fully considered but they are not persuasive. With respect to U.S.C. 101 rejection, Applicant is of the opinion that claims are nor abstract idea because the claims are not directed to commercial or legal interactions. Claims are rooted in the computer technology similar to DDR Holding. Claimed operations provide for “guaranteeing an actual purchase of a product”, “identifying a purchase trend of platform users”, “maximizing a brand advertisement effect based on the purchase trend”, “a platform that rewards platform users in exchange for using the platform and “a highly reliable social network service that guarantees actual purchase of product to platform users. Further, claims provide unconventional operations that are not well-understood, routine, or conventional activity in the field. However, examiner respectfully disagrees. The claims are directed to verifying and storing assets in saving account and determining a reward which is an abstract idea. Claims involve series of steps of receiving a request to registered token, verifying the token, registering the token, updating the registration status and determining the reward for the registration of token which is a process that deals with commercial or legal interactions. Further, claims do not provide any practical application because additional elements such as user terminal, smart contract and electronic device are used as a tool to implement the abstract idea does not integrate the abstract idea into a practical application because it requires no more than a computer performing functions that correspond to acts required to carry out the abstract idea. With respect to “Claimed operations provide for “guaranteeing an actual purchase of a product”, “identifying a purchase trend of platform users”, “maximizing a brand advertisement effect based on the purchase trend”, “a platform that rewards platform users in exchange for using the platform and “a highly reliable social network service that guarantees actual purchase of product to platform users” claims do not recite any of these functions. Applicant must take into consideration that in order to view the claims as supplying an inventive concept the technological improvement must be present within the claims themselves (Accenture Global Servs., GmbH v. Guidewire Software, inc., 108 USPQ2d 1173 (Fed. Cir. 2013)), (Synopsys, inc. v. Mentor Graphics Corp... 120 USPQ2d 1473 (Fed. Cir. 2016). Further, specification does not provide any evidence that how the claims provide an improvement to functioning of computing systems or any other technology. Applicant failed to provide persuasive arguments supported by any necessary evidence to demonstrate that one of ordinary skill in the art would understand that the disclosed invention improves technology. With respect to arguments that claims are not directed to abstract idea because claims provide unconventional operations that are not well-understood, routine, or conventional activity in the field, Examiner notes that judicial exceptions need not be old or long-prevalent, and that even newly discovered judicial exceptions are still exceptions, despite their novelty (See MPEP 2106.04 I). Claims are not similar to DDR Holdings, In the case of DDR Holdings, the claim addresses the problem of retaining Web site visitors from being diverted from a host’s web site to an advertiser s Web site, for which the claimed solution is necessarily rooted in computer technology in order to overcome a problem specifically arising in the realm of computer network". Here, however, the instant claim is directed to abstract idea of verifying and storing assets in saving account and determining a reward. Unlike the situation in DDR Holdings, Applicant did not identify any problem particular to computer networks and/or the Internet that claim allegedly overcome. Therefore, the rejection is maintained. Status of Claims Claims 1-14 have been examined. Claims 15-20 have been withdraw by the Applicant. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 101 35 U.S.C. 101 reads as follows: Whoever invents or discovers any new and useful process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof, may obtain a patent therefor, subject to the conditions and requirements of this title. Claims 1-14 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 101 because the claimed invention is directed to a judicial exception (i.e., a law of nature, a natural phenomenon, or an abstract idea) without significantly more. In the instance case, claims 1-14 are directed to a method. Therefore, these claims fall within the four statutory categories of invention. The claims are directed to verifying and storing assets in saving account and determining a reward which is an abstract idea. Specifically, the claims recite “receiving a message requesting to register the token…; performing…based on the message a verification of the token…; registering the token…; updating a registration status… and determining whether to provide the user a reward…” grouping of abstract ideas in prong one of step 2A of the Alice/Mayo test (See MPEP 2106) because the claims involve a series of steps of receiving a request to registered token, verifying the token, registering the token, updating the registration status and determining the reward for the registration of token which is a process that deals with commercial or legal interactions. Accordingly, the claims recite an abstract idea (See MPEP 2106). This judicial exception is not integrated into a practical application because, when analyzed under prong two of step 2A of the Alice/Mayo test (See MPEP 2106), the additional elements of the claims such as, user terminal, smart contract and electronic device merely use a computer as a tool to perform an abstract idea. Specifically, user terminal, smart contract and electronic device perform the steps receiving a request to registered token, verifying the token, registering the token, updating the registration status and determining the reward for the registration of token. The use of a processor/computer as a tool to implement the abstract idea does not integrate the abstract idea into a practical application because it requires no more than a computer performing functions that correspond to acts required to carry out the abstract idea. The additional elements do not involve improvements to the functioning of a computer, or to any other technology or technical field (MPEP 2106.05(a)), the claims do not apply or use the abstract idea to effect a particular treatment or prophylaxis for a disease or medical condition (Vanda Memo), the claims do not apply the abstract idea with, or by use of, a particular machine (MPEP 2106.05(b)), the claims do not effect a transformation or reduction of a particular article to a different state or thing (MPEP 2106.05(c)), and the claims do not apply or use the abstract idea in some other meaningful way beyond generally linking the use of the abstract idea to a particular technological environment, such that the claim as a whole is more than a drafting effort designed to monopolize the exception (MPEP 2106.05(e) and Vanda Memo). Therefore, the claims do not, for example, purport to improve the functioning of a computer. Nor do they effect an improvement in any other technology or technical field. Accordingly, the additional elements do not impose any meaningful limits on practicing the abstract idea, and the claims are directed to an abstract idea. The claims do not include additional elements that are sufficient to amount to significantly more than the judicial exception because, when analyzed under step 2B of the Alice/Mayo test (MPEP 2106), the additional elements of user terminal, smart contract and electronic device, to perform the steps amounts to no more than using a computer or processor to automate and/or implement the abstract idea of storing assets in saving account and determining a reward. As discussed above, taking the claim elements separately, user terminal, smart contract and electronic device perform the steps of receiving a request to registered token, verifying the token, registering the token, updating the registration status and determining the reward for the registration of token. These functions correspond to the actions required to perform the abstract idea. Viewed as a whole, the combination of elements recited in the claims merely recite the concept of verifying and storing assets in saving account and determining a reward. Therefore, the use of these additional elements does no more than employ the computer as a tool to automate and/or implement the abstract idea. The use of a computer or processor to merely automate and/or implement the abstract idea cannot provide significantly more than the abstract idea itself (MPEP 2106.05(I)(A)(f) & (h)). Therefore, the claim is not patent eligible. Dependent claims further describe the abstract idea of verifying and storing assets in saving account and determining a reward. Specifically, claims 2-3 further describing transmitting the registration status which is part pf the abstract idea. Claims 4-5 further describe the transmitting information which is part of the abstract idea. Claims 6-8 describing the payment information which is part of the abstract idea of storing assets in saving account and determining a reward. Claims 9-14 further describe the generation of reward which is part of the abstract idea. The dependent claims do not include additional elements that integrate the abstract idea into a practical application or that provide significantly more than the abstract idea. Therefore, the dependent claims are also not patent eligible. Conclusion Applicant's amendment necessitated the new ground(s) of rejection presented in this Office action. Accordingly, THIS ACTION IS MADE FINAL. See MPEP § 706.07(a). Applicant is reminded of the extension of time policy as set forth in 37 CFR 1.136(a). A shortened statutory period for reply to this final action is set to expire THREE MONTHS from the mailing date of this action. In the event a first reply is filed within TWO MONTHS of the mailing date of this final action and the advisory action is not mailed until after the end of the THREE-MONTH shortened statutory period, then the shortened statutory period will expire on the date the advisory action is mailed, and any nonprovisional extension fee (37 CFR 1.17(a)) pursuant to 37 CFR 1.136(a) will be calculated from the mailing date of the advisory action. In no event, however, will the statutory period for reply expire later than SIX MONTHS from the mailing date of this final action. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to ZESHAN QAYYUM whose telephone number is (571)270-3323. The examiner can normally be reached Monday-Friday 9:00AM-6:00PM EST. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, John W Hayes can be reached at (571) 272-6708. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /ZESHAN QAYYUM/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 3697
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Mar 22, 2023
Application Filed
Apr 29, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §101
Jul 30, 2025
Interview Requested
Aug 19, 2025
Examiner Interview Summary
Aug 19, 2025
Applicant Interview (Telephonic)
Aug 28, 2025
Response Filed
Dec 02, 2025
Final Rejection — §101 (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

3-4
Expected OA Rounds
40%
Grant Probability
70%
With Interview (+30.1%)
5y 1m
Median Time to Grant
Moderate
PTA Risk
Based on 429 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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