Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/216,024

Ubiquitously Deployable Interactive Displays

Final Rejection §102
Filed
Jun 29, 2023
Examiner
CRUZ, MAGDA
Art Unit
2882
Tech Center
2800 — Semiconductors & Electrical Systems
Assignee
The Regents of the University of Michigan
OA Round
2 (Final)
87%
Grant Probability
Favorable
3-4
OA Rounds
2y 5m
To Grant
97%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 87% — above average
87%
Career Allow Rate
742 granted / 851 resolved
+19.2% vs TC avg
Moderate +10% lift
Without
With
+9.6%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 5m
Avg Prosecution
17 currently pending
Career history
868
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
1.0%
-39.0% vs TC avg
§103
39.2%
-0.8% vs TC avg
§102
39.0%
-1.0% vs TC avg
§112
13.5%
-26.5% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 851 resolved cases

Office Action

§102
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis (i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA ) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale, or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claims 1-2, 4-5, 7-10, 12-13, 15-16 and 18-19 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Lee et al. Lee et al. (US Patent No. 9,646,562 B1) discloses (see annotated Figures 1 and 3): PNG media_image1.png 622 736 media_image1.png Greyscale PNG media_image2.png 513 746 media_image2.png Greyscale Regarding claim 1, a scalable display system (Figure 1, element 100), comprising: a photochromatic material (Figure 1, element 110) deposited on a display surface (Figure 1, element A); a second photochromatic material (Figure 4, element 410) deposited on the display surface (column 6, lines 65-66), where the second photochromatic material (Figure 4, element 410) differs from the first photochromatic material (Figure 4, element 405); a light source (i.e. laser; Figure 1, element 125) spatially separated from the display surface (Figure 1, element A) and operable to project an incident beam of light (Figure 1, element 127) onto the display surface (Figure 1, element A), where the display surface (Figure 1, element A) faces the light source (Figure 1, element 125); a second light source (i.e. light source of element 105B in Figure 3) operable to project a second incident beam of light (Figure 3, element 127B) onto the display surface (Figure 3, element 110), where the second incident beam of light (Figure 3, element 127B) having a different wavelength (i.e. lasers with different wavelengths; column 3, lines 39-41) than the incident beam of light (Figure 3, element 127A); and a controller (Figure 1, element 150) electrically coupled to the light source (Figure 1, element 125) and operates to turn the light source (Figure 1, element 125) on and off (column 5, lines 42-48), thereby rendering a display on the display surface (Figure 1, element A). Regarding claims 2 and 10, the light source (Figure 1, element 125) is a laser (column 3, lines 39-40). Regarding claims 4, 12 and 18, an actuator (i.e. MEMS actuators; column 3, line 9) coupled to the light source (Figure 1, element 125) and operable to move the light source (Figure 1, element 125) and thereby redirect the incident beam (Figure 1, element 127) to a different location on the display surface (Figure 1, element A). Regarding claims 5, 13 and 19, an optical component (i.e. micromirrors; column 3, line 8) disposed in a light path of the light source (Figure 1, element 125) and operable to redirect the incident beam to a different location on the display surface (Figure 1, element A). Regarding claims 7 and 15, a sensor (Figure 1, element 134) configured to detect an interaction with the display by a person (i.e. logic engine [element 150] may recognize a person), wherein the controller, in response to detecting an interaction, issues a command to a device (column 5, lines 36-39). Regarding claim 8, a deactivation light source (Figure 1, element 155) arranged proximate to the display surface (Figure 1, element A) and operates to project white light (column 3, lines 60-62) onto the display surface (Figure 1, element A). Regarding claim 9, a scalable display system (Figure 1, element 100), comprising: a photochromatic material (Figure 1, element 110) deposited on a display surface (Figure 1, element A); an activation light source (i.e. laser; Figure 1, element 125) spatially separated from the display surface (Figure 1, element A) and operable to project an incident beam of light (Figure 1, element 127) onto the display surface (Figure 1, element A), where the display surface (Figure 1, element A) faces the light source (Figure 1, element 125); a deactivation light source (Figure 1, element 155) arranged proximate to the display surface (Figure 1, element A) and operates to project white light (column 3, lines 60-62) onto the display surface (Figure 1, element A); and a controller (Figure 1, element 150) electrically coupled to the light source (Figure 1, element 125) and operates to turn the light source (Figure 1, element 125) on and off (column 5, lines 42-48), thereby rendering a display on the display surface (Figure 1, element A). Regarding claim 16, a scalable display system (Figure 1, element 100), comprising: a photochromatic material (Figure 1, element 110) deposited on a display surface (Figure 1, element A); a light source (i.e. laser; Figure 1, element 125) spatially separated from the display surface (Figure 1, element A) and operable to project an incident beam of light (Figure 1, element 127) onto the display surface (Figure 1, element A), where the display surface (Figure 1, element A) faces the light source (Figure 1, element 125); a controller (Figure 1, element 150) electrically coupled to the light source (Figure 1, element 125) and operates to turn the light source (Figure 1, element 125) on and off (column 5, lines 42-48), thereby rendering a display on the display surface (Figure 1, element A); and a sensor (Figure 1, element 134) configured to detect an interaction with the display by a person (i.e. logic engine [element 150] may recognize a person), wherein the controller (Figure 1, element 150), in response to detecting an interaction, issues a command to a device (column 5, lines 36-39). Response to Arguments Applicant's arguments filed on 12/22/2025 have been fully considered but they are not persuasive. The applicant has argued that “Lee does not disclose a second light source, where the light projected therefrom has a different wavelength”. However, Lee et al. (US Patent No. 9,646,562 B1) teaches a second light source (i.e. light source of element 105B in Figure 3), where the light projected therefrom has a different wavelength (Lee et al., column 3, lines 39-42). Conclusion THIS ACTION IS MADE FINAL. Applicant is reminded of the extension of time policy as set forth in 37 CFR 1.136(a). A shortened statutory period for reply to this final action is set to expire THREE MONTHS from the mailing date of this action. In the event a first reply is filed within TWO MONTHS of the mailing date of this final action and the advisory action is not mailed until after the end of the THREE-MONTH shortened statutory period, then the shortened statutory period will expire on the date the advisory action is mailed, and any nonprovisional extension fee (37 CFR 1.17(a)) pursuant to 37 CFR 1.136(a) will be calculated from the mailing date of the advisory action. In no event, however, will the statutory period for reply expire later than SIX MONTHS from the mailing date of this final action. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to MAGDA CRUZ whose telephone number is (571)272-2114. The examiner can normally be reached Monday-Friday from 9:00 AM to 5:30 PM. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Toan Ton can be reached at 571-272-2303. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /MAGDA CRUZ/ Primary Examiner Art Unit 2882 03/13/2026
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Jun 29, 2023
Application Filed
Sep 21, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §102
Dec 22, 2025
Response Filed
Mar 13, 2026
Final Rejection — §102 (current)

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

Patent 12596294
LIGHT SOURCE APPARATUS AND PROJECTOR
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 07, 2026
Patent 12591143
DEVICES WITH MONOCHROMATIC LIQUID CRYSTAL ON SILICON DISPLAYS
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 31, 2026
Patent 12585177
ADJUSTMENT SUPPORT DEVICE, ADJUSTMENT SUPPORT METHOD, ADJUSTMENT SUPPORT PROGRAM, AND PROJECTION SYSTEM
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 24, 2026
Patent 12581043
LASER PROJECTION APPARATUS AND LASER PROJECTION DISPLAY METHOD
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 17, 2026
Patent 12574492
IMAGE PROCESSING METHOD USING TRANSPARENT FLAT PLATE, AND APPARATUS FOR PERFORMING SAME
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 10, 2026
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

AI Strategy Recommendation

Get an AI-powered prosecution strategy using examiner precedents, rejection analysis, and claim mapping.
Powered by AI — typically takes 5-10 seconds

Prosecution Projections

3-4
Expected OA Rounds
87%
Grant Probability
97%
With Interview (+9.6%)
2y 5m
Median Time to Grant
Moderate
PTA Risk
Based on 851 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

Sign in with your work email

Enter your email to receive a magic link. No password needed.

Personal email addresses (Gmail, Yahoo, etc.) are not accepted.

Free tier: 3 strategy analyses per month