Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/216,171

CO2 UTILIZATION BY LOW TEMPERATURE HEAT UPGRADATION FOR IMPROVED ENERGY EFFICIENCY

Final Rejection §112
Filed
Jun 29, 2023
Examiner
DIAZ, MIGUEL ANGEL
Art Unit
3763
Tech Center
3700 — Mechanical Engineering & Manufacturing
Assignee
J Ray Mcdermott S A
OA Round
2 (Final)
79%
Grant Probability
Favorable
3-4
OA Rounds
2y 8m
To Grant
92%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 79% — above average
79%
Career Allow Rate
378 granted / 477 resolved
+9.2% vs TC avg
Moderate +12% lift
Without
With
+12.3%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 8m
Avg Prosecution
19 currently pending
Career history
496
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§103
36.6%
-3.4% vs TC avg
§102
28.5%
-11.5% vs TC avg
§112
30.9%
-9.1% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 477 resolved cases

Office Action

§112
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Response to Amendments The amendments filed on October 31, 2025 have been entered. Accordingly, claims 4, 7-8, 10 and 19-20 have been canceled, wherein claims 1-3, 5-6, 9 and 11-18 are currently pending. Claim Objections The following claims are objected to because of informalities, wherein appropriate correction is required: In claim 1: the recitation of “and fluid output” (in line 7) should be amended to –and the fluid output—, to avoid ambiguities and antecedent basis issues. In claim 11: The recitation of “and fluid output” (in line 2 of page 4) should be amended to –and the fluid output—, to avoid ambiguities. The recitation of “a fluid from the compressor” (in line 5 of page 4) should be amended to –the fluid from the compressor—, to avoid ambiguities. The recitation of “and fluid output” (in lines 5-6 of page 4) should be amended to –and the fluid output—, to avoid ambiguities. Claim Rejections – 35 USC § 112 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112(b): (b) CONCLUSION.—The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor regards as the invention. Claims 1-3, 5-6, 9 and 11-17 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) as being indefinite for failing to particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor regards as the invention. Claim 1 contains the following issues: The claim recites “a fluid from the compressor” (in line 7) as well as “a refrigerant” (in line 13). As currently recited, it appears that anticipation or infringement of the claim requires both a fluid and a refrigerant (i.e., two separate fluids). It is unclear whether the refrigerant is the same as the fluid, or if it is in addition thereto. For examination purposes, the recitation of “a refrigerant” will be construed as –the fluid—. The claim recites “the first heat exchanger” (in lines 15-16) without proper antecedent basis. It is unclear whether “the first heat exchanger” pertains to the “heat exchanger” of line 6. As currently recited, the claim can be ambiguously interpreted as requiring a separate “first heat exchanger”. For examination purposes, the recitation of “a heat exchanger” in line 6 will be construed as –a first heat exchanger—. Claim 9 contains the following issues: The claim recites “of the heat first heat exchanger” (in lines 4-5) without proper antecedent basis, which renders the scope of the claim unclear. It is unclear whether the claim was intended to simply recite “of the first heat exchanger”. For examination purposes, the quoted recitation will be construed as –of the first heat exchanger—. Claim 11 contains the following issues: The claim recites “a fluid from the expander” (in line 2 of page 4) as well as “a refrigerant” (in lines 7-8 of page 4). As currently recited, it appears that anticipation or infringement of the claim requires both a fluid and a refrigerant (i.e., two separate fluids). It is unclear whether the refrigerant is the same as the fluid, or if it is in addition thereto. For examination purposes, the recitation of “a refrigerant” will be construed as –the fluid—. Any remaining claims are rejected at least by virtue of their dependency. Allowable Subject Matter Claim 18 is allowed. Claims 1-3, 5-6, 9 and 11-17 would be allowable if rewritten or amended to overcome the rejection(s) under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) set forth in this Office action. The amendments filed on October 31, 2025 incorporate the previously-indicated allowable subject matter of now-canceled dependent claims. The prior art, when taken as a whole, does not appear to anticipate nor render prima facie obvious the claimed invention as currently recited in the claims. As allowable subject matter has been indicated, applicant's reply must either comply with all formal requirements or specifically traverse each requirement not complied with. See 37 CFR 1.111(b) and MPEP § 707.07(a). Conclusion Applicant's amendment necessitated the new ground(s) of rejection presented in this Office action. Accordingly, THIS ACTION IS MADE FINAL. See MPEP § 706.07(a). Applicant is reminded of the extension of time policy as set forth in 37 CFR 1.136(a). A shortened statutory period for reply to this final action is set to expire THREE MONTHS from the mailing date of this action. In the event a first reply is filed within TWO MONTHS of the mailing date of this final action and the advisory action is not mailed until after the end of the THREE-MONTH shortened statutory period, then the shortened statutory period will expire on the date the advisory action is mailed, and any nonprovisional extension fee (37 CFR 1.17(a)) pursuant to 37 CFR 1.136(a) will be calculated from the mailing date of the advisory action. In no event, however, will the statutory period for reply expire later than SIX MONTHS from the mailing date of this final action. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to MIGUEL A DIAZ whose telephone number is (313)446-6587. The examiner can normally be reached Monday - Friday: 9:00 AM - 5:00 PM Eastern Time. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Jianying C. Atkisson can be reached at (571) 270-7740. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /MIGUEL A DIAZ/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 3763
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Jun 29, 2023
Application Filed
Jun 28, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §112
Sep 22, 2025
Interview Requested
Sep 29, 2025
Applicant Interview (Telephonic)
Sep 29, 2025
Examiner Interview Summary
Oct 31, 2025
Response Filed
Feb 23, 2026
Final Rejection — §112 (current)

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

Patent 12595937
THERMAL MANAGEMENT APPARATUS
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 07, 2026
Patent 12589631
METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A REFRIGERATION SYSTEM OF A VEHICLE
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 31, 2026
Patent 12584664
INTEGRATED REFRIGERANT CHARGE COLLECTOR FOR HEAT PUMPS
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 24, 2026
Patent 12583590
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR AN AIRCRAFT HAVING A VAPOR COMPRESSION SYSTEM WITH A FLASH LIQUID EXPANDER TURBINE
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 24, 2026
Patent 12578127
COOLING SYSTEMS
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 17, 2026
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

3-4
Expected OA Rounds
79%
Grant Probability
92%
With Interview (+12.3%)
2y 8m
Median Time to Grant
Moderate
PTA Risk
Based on 477 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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