Prosecution Insights
Last updated: October 02, 2026
Application No. 18/217,547

KECCAK EXECUTION RESILIENT TO PHYSICAL SIDE-CHANNEL ATTACKS

Non-Final OA §102§112
Filed
Jul 01, 2023
Examiner
MURPHY, JOSEPH B
Art Unit
Tech Center
Assignee
Intel Corporation
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
90%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
0m
Est. Remaining
99%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 90% — above average
90%
Career Allowance Rate
579 granted / 642 resolved
+30.2% vs TC avg
Moderate +13% lift
Without
With
+12.9%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Fast prosecutor
2y 0m
Avg Prosecution
19 currently pending
Career history
649
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
3.6%
-36.4% vs TC avg
§103
41.1%
+1.1% vs TC avg
§102
15.2%
-24.8% vs TC avg
§112
26.6%
-13.4% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 642 resolved cases

Office Action

§102 §112
DETAILED ACTION This Office Action is in response to an application filed on July 1, 2023, in which claims 1 through 20 are pending, and ready for examination. Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Information Disclosure Statement The information disclosure statement (IDS) submitted on June 27, 2024 was filed before the mailing date of a first Office Action on the merits. The submission is in compliance with the provisions of 37 CFR 1.97. Accordingly, the information disclosure statement is being considered by the examiner. Claim Objections Claims 1 and 11 are objected to because of the following informalities: Claims 1 and 11 each recite, “…by the first path and second path”. It appears that the claim(s) should recite, “…by the first path and the second path”. Appropriate correction is required. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 112 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112(b): (b) CONCLUSION.—The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor regards as the invention. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph: The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the applicant regards as his invention. Claims 9 and 11-20 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph, as being indefinite for failing to particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor, or for pre-AIA the applicant regards as the invention. Claims 9, 18, and 19 each recite, “the theta step, the rho step, and the pi step”. The foregoing recited elements render claims 9, 18, and 19 indefinite because claims 1 and 11 recite each “a theta step”, “a rho step”, and “a pi step” twice, and thus it is unclear as to which of these previously-recited elements the later recitations in claims 9, 18, and 19 refer. Claim 11 recites, “other SHA3 circuitries”. It is not explicitly clear where else in claim 11 a recitation of “SHA3 circuitries” appears, thus making it unclear as to why the foregoing recitation references “other” SHA3 circuitries. Claims 12-19 are each dependent from claim 11, and are therefore rejected under the same rationale based upon that dependency. Claim 20 recites, “the non-linear X computation”. There is insufficient antecedent basis for this element in the claim(s). Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(2) the claimed invention was described in a patent issued under section 151, or in an application for patent published or deemed published under section 122(b), in which the patent or application, as the case may be, names another inventor and was effectively filed before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claims 1-17 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(2) as being anticipated by Roussellet, et al., EP 3 335 366 B1, as provided by Applicant in the Information Disclosure Statement submitted on June 27, 2024 (hereinafter referred to as Roussellet). With regard to claim 1, Roussellet discloses storage to store a 1600-bit input state (Roussellet, [0005]) a Keccak round (Roussellet, [0048]) datapath coupled to the storage (Roussellet, [0025]), the Keccak round datapath at least including: a first path (Roussellet, [0025]) including a theta step (Roussellet, [0028]), a rho step (Roussellet, [0030]), a pi step (Roussellet, [0031]), and an iota step (Roussellet, [0037]) to process a masked version of the 1600-bit input state (Roussellet, [0025]), a second path (Roussellet, [0025]) including a theta step (Roussellet, [0052]), a rho step (Roussellet, [0054]), and a pi step (Roussellet, [0055]) to process a mask 1600-bit input state (Roussellet, [0025]), and a masked chi step shared by the first path and second path (Roussellet, [0032]; [0056]). With regard to claim 2, Roussellet further discloses wherein the Keccak round datapath further at least includes storage for a mask (Roussellet, [0012]). With regard to claim 3, Roussellet further discloses wherein the mask is a random 1600-bit value (Roussellet, [0012]). With regard to claim 4, Roussellet further discloses wherein the Keccak round datapath further at least includes XOR circuitry to XOR the 1600-bit input state with a mask to generate the masked version of the 1600-bit input state (Roussellet, [0043]). With regard to claim 5, Roussellet further discloses wherein the Keccak round datapath further at least includes XOR circuitry to XOR output of the first and second paths as an output state (Roussellet, [0043]). With regard to claim 6, Roussellet further discloses decoder circuitry to decode a Keccak instruction, the Keccak instruction to include at least one field to identify a location of the 1600-bit input state, least one field to identify a location of a 1600-bit output state, and a field for an opcode, the opcode to indicate the Keccak round datapath is to perform a Keccak round calculation (Roussellet, [0002]). With regard to claim 7, Roussellet further discloses decoder circuitry to decode a Keccak instruction, the Keccak instruction to include at least one field to identify a location of the 1600-bit input state, least one field to identify a location of a 1600-bit output state, and a field for an opcode, the opcode to indicate the Keccak round datapath is to perform a Keccak permutation (Roussellet, [0002]). With regard to claim 8, Roussellet further discloses wherein the Keccak permutation consists of Keccak rounds (Roussellet, [0005]). With regard to claim 9, Roussellet further discloses wherein the second path including the theta step, the rho step, and the pi step to process the mask 1600-bit input state and the shared masked chi step are to be used only for a proper subset of Keccak permutation rounds (Roussellet, [0028]-[0031]). With regard to claim 10, Roussellet further discloses wherein the Keccak round datapath is to be used consecutively for a plurality of Keccak rounds (Roussellet, [0048]). With regard to claim 11, Roussellet discloses memory to store a 1600-bit input state (Roussellet, [0011]-[0012]); execution circuitry (Roussellet, [0025]; Fig. 1) including: a Keccak round (Roussellet, [0048]) datapath coupled to the memory (Roussellet, [0025]), the Keccak round datapath at least including: a first path (Roussellet, [0025]) including a theta step (Roussellet, [0028]), a rho step (Roussellet, [0030]), a pi step (Roussellet, [0031]), and an iota step (Roussellet, [0037]) to process a masked version of the 1600-bit input state (Roussellet, [0025]), a second path (Roussellet, [0025]) including a theta step (Roussellet, [0052]), a rho step (Roussellet, [0054]), and a pi step (Roussellet, [0055]) to process a mask 1600-bit input state (Roussellet, [0025]), and a masked chi step shared by the first path and second path (Roussellet, [0032]; [0056]); and other SHA3 circuitries (Roussellet, [0025]; Fig. 1). With regard to claim 12, Roussellet further discloses wherein the Keccak round datapath further at least includes storage for a mask (Roussellet, [0012]). With regard to claim 13, Roussellet further discloses wherein the mask is a random 1600-bit value (Roussellet, [0012]). With regard to claim 14, Roussellet further discloses wherein the Keccak round datapath further at least includes XOR circuitry to XOR the 1600-bit input state with the mask to generate the masked version of the 1600-bit input state (Roussellet, [0043]). With regard to claim 15, Roussellet further discloses wherein the Keccak round datapath further at least includes XOR circuitry to XOR output of the first and second paths as an output state (Roussellet, [0043]). With regard to claim 16, Roussellet further discloses decoder circuitry to decode a Keccak instruction, the Keccak instruction to include at least one field to identify a location of the 1600-bit input state, least one field to identify a location of a 1600-bit output state, and a field for an opcode, the opcode to indicate the Keccak round datapath is to perform a Keccak round calculation (Roussellet, [0002]). With regard to claim 17, Roussellet further discloses decoder circuitry to decode a Keccak instruction, the Keccak instruction to include at least one field to identify a location of the 1600-bit input state, least one field to identify a location of a 1600-bit output state, and a field for an opcode, the opcode to indicate the Keccak round datapath is to perform a Keccak permutation (Roussellet, [0002]). Conclusion The prior art made of record and not relied upon is considered pertinent to applicant's disclosure: See PTO-892. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to J. Brant Murphy whose telephone number is (571)272-6433. The examiner can normally be reached Monday - Friday, 8am - 4pm. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Amir Mehrmanesh can be reached at 571-270-3351. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /J. BRANT MURPHY/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 2435 September 5, 2026
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Jul 01, 2023
Application Filed
Aug 29, 2023
Response after Non-Final Action
Sep 10, 2026
Non-Final Rejection mailed — §102, §112 (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
90%
Grant Probability
99%
With Interview (+12.9%)
2y 0m (~0m remaining)
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 642 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allowance rate.

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