Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/224,947

BIOLOGICAL SAMPLE STAINING MODULE AND BIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Non-Final OA §103§112
Filed
Jul 21, 2023
Examiner
SMITH, MAURICE C
Art Unit
2877
Tech Center
2800 — Semiconductors & Electrical Systems
Assignee
BECKMAN COULTER, INC.
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
84%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
2y 3m
To Grant
80%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 84% — above average
84%
Career Allow Rate
594 granted / 704 resolved
+16.4% vs TC avg
Minimal -4% lift
Without
With
+-4.5%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 3m
Avg Prosecution
33 currently pending
Career history
737
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
3.7%
-36.3% vs TC avg
§103
47.3%
+7.3% vs TC avg
§102
17.1%
-22.9% vs TC avg
§112
30.2%
-9.8% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 704 resolved cases

Office Action

§103 §112
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Claim Objections Claim 17 is objected to because of the following informalities: The claimed subject matter “the two or more chambers” has no antecedent basis. Appropriate correction is required. Claim Interpretation The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112(f): (f) Element in Claim for a Combination. – An element in a claim for a combination may be expressed as a means or step for performing a specified function without the recital of structure, material, or acts in support thereof, and such claim shall be construed to cover the corresponding structure, material, or acts described in the specification and equivalents thereof. The following is a quotation of pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, sixth paragraph: An element in a claim for a combination may be expressed as a means or step for performing a specified function without the recital of structure, material, or acts in support thereof, and such claim shall be construed to cover the corresponding structure, material, or acts described in the specification and equivalents thereof. This application includes one or more claim limitations that do not use the word “means,” but are nonetheless being interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, sixth paragraph, because the claim limitation(s) uses a generic placeholder that is coupled with functional language without reciting sufficient structure to perform the recited function and the generic placeholder is not preceded by a structural modifier. Such claim limitation(s) is/are: “a lighting module configured to illuminate” “an imaging module” in claim 1. Because this/these claim limitation(s) is/are being interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, sixth paragraph, it/they is/are being interpreted to cover the corresponding structure described in the specification as performing the claimed function, and equivalents thereof. Applicant teaches the lighting module comprises light emitters (0016). Applicant recites the imaging module comprises a camera in claim 3. If applicant does not intend to have this/these limitation(s) interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, sixth paragraph, applicant may: (1) amend the claim limitation(s) to avoid it/them being interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, sixth paragraph (e.g., by reciting sufficient structure to perform the claimed function); or (2) present a sufficient showing that the claim limitation(s) recite(s) sufficient structure to perform the claimed function so as to avoid it/them being interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, sixth paragraph. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 112 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112(b): (b) CONCLUSION.—The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor regards as the invention. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph: The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the applicant regards as his invention. Claim 8, 9, & 16 rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph, as being indefinite for failing to particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor (or for applications subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, the applicant), regards as the invention. In regards to claims 8, , 9, & 16, the claim subject matter “one or more chambers comprises two or more chambers” is rendered indefinite. Examiner notes it is unclear as to how one chamber (fig 6a, 422) is divided into two or more chambers. Clarification is required. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claim(s) 1-3, 10, & 13 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over TAKAHASHI EP 3663760 in view of Diagnostic Biosystems, “Diagnostic BioSystems HighLighter™ Automated Slide Stainer”, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uEReOEnllOQ, Jun 18, 2020 hereafter Diagnostic Biosystems. With respect to claim 1, Takahashi teaches a biological imaging analyzer comprising: a staining module (fig 1, 204) configured to produce stained cells, the staining module comprising: a heater (fig 1, 204) configured to heat the biological sample and the staining composition; a lighting module (fig 15, 321) configured to illuminate the stained cells (fig 15, 311); and an imaging module (fig 15, 354) configured to capture images of the stained cells. Takashi does not teach one or more chambers configured to receive a biological sample and a staining composition. Diagnostic Biosystems, in the same field of endeavor as Takashi of staining, teaches a staining unit (fig 3) comprising chambers configured to receive biological samples and a staining composition (fig 1 & 2). At the time prior to the effective filing date of the invention it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art to combine Diagnostic Biosystem’s chambers with Takashi staining unit as a means to hold both the sample and stain during staining. PNG media_image1.png 834 1360 media_image1.png Greyscale PNG media_image2.png 842 1328 media_image2.png Greyscale PNG media_image3.png 826 1116 media_image3.png Greyscale With respect to claim 2 according to claim 1, the combination teaches the biological imaging analyzer further comprising a flow cell (fig 15,13 Takashi) configured to flow the stained cells therethrough, the flow cell further comprising an imaging region (fig 15 Takashi) where the images are captured. With respect to claim 3 according to claim 1, the combination teaches the biological imaging analyzer wherein the imaging module comprises a camera (TDI) camera (0164, lines 1-2 Takashi). With respect to claim 10, the Takashi does not teach a staining module in a biological imaging analyzer comprising: a heater (fig 1, 204) configured to heat a biological sample. Takashi does not teach one or more chambers configured to receive a biological sample and a staining composition. Diagnostic Biosystems, in the same field of endeavor as Takashi of staining, teaches a staining unit (fig 3) comprising chambers configured to receive biological samples and a staining composition (fig 1 & 2). At the time prior to the effective filing date of the invention it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art to combine Diagnostic Biosystem’s chambers with Takashi staining unit as a means to hold both the sample and stain during staining. PNG media_image1.png 834 1360 media_image1.png Greyscale PNG media_image2.png 842 1328 media_image2.png Greyscale PNG media_image3.png 826 1116 media_image3.png Greyscale With respect to claim 13 according to claim 10, the combination teaches the staining module wherein biological sample includes a blood sample (0031Takahashi). Claim(s) 4, 5, 11, & 12 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over TAKAHASHI EP 3663760 in view of Diagnostic Biosystems, “Diagnostic BioSystems HighLighter™ Automated Slide Stainer”, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uEReOEnllOQ, Jun 18, 2020 hereafter Diagnostic Biosystems in further view of QI US 20210041361. With respect to claim 4 according to claim 1, the combination does not teach a lysing composition. Qi, in the same field of endeavor as Takashi of lysing and staining of blood cells (fig 2 Takahashi) (0052, lines 31-32 Takahashi), teaches a staining composition comprising a lysing compound (0008). At the time prior to the effective filing date, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art to try to combine Qi’s staining composition to simultaneously stain and dye red blood cells in a more efficient manner. With respect to claim 5 according to claim 1, the combination does not teach the staining composition further comprises a lysing compound. Qi, in the same field of endeavor as Takashi of lysing and staining of blood cells (fig 2) (0052, lines 31-32 Takashi), teaches staining composition comprising a lysing compound (0008). At the time prior to the effective filing date, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art to combine Qi’s staining composition with the combination’s chamber to efficiently identify red blood cells by simultaneously staining and dying blood samples. With respect to claim 11 according to claim 10, the combination does not teach a lysing composition. Qi, in the same field of endeavor as Takashi of lysing and staining of blood cells (fig 2) (0052, lines 31-32 Takashi), teaches staining composition comprising a lysing compound (0008). At the time prior to the effective filing date, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art to combine Qi’s staining composition with the combination’s chamber to efficiently identify red blood cells by simultaneously staining and dying blood samples. With respect to claim 12 according to claim 10, the combination does not teach the staining composition further comprises a lysing compound. Qi, in the same field of endeavor as Takashi of lysing and staining of blood cells (fig 2) (0052, lines 31-32 Takashi), teaches staining composition comprising a lysing compound (0008). At the time prior to the effective filing date, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art to combine Qi’s staining composition with the combination’s chamber to efficiently identify red blood cells by simultaneously staining and dying blood samples. Claim(s) 6 & 14 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over TAKAHASHI EP 3663760 in view of Diagnostic Biosystems, “Diagnostic BioSystems HighLighter™ Automated Slide Stainer”, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uEReOEnllOQ, Jun 18, 2020 hereafter Diagnostic Biosystems in further view of SOMMER EP 1500932. With respect to claim 6 according to claim 1, the combination teaches the biological imaging analyzer wherein the stained cells are white blood cells (fig 8 Takashi). The combination does not teach a stained nuclear region. Sommer, in the same field of endeavor as Takashi of lysing and staining of blood cells and flow cytometry, teaches staining the nuclei of permeabilized white blood cells in lysed blood products allows the white blood cells to be identified based on their light absorption or light scattering characteristics (0027, lines 35-40). At the time prior to the effective filing date of the invention it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art to try to stain nuclear region of white blood cells within the combination’s chambers to enable concentration measurements of white blood cells. With respect to claim 14 according to claim 13, the combination teaches the staining module wherein the staining composition is configured to provide white blood cells (fig 8 Takashi). The combination does not teach a stained nuclear region. Sommer, in the same field of endeavor as Takashi of lysing and staining of blood cells and flow cytometry, teaches staining the nuclei of permeabilized white blood cells in lysed blood products allows the white blood cells to be identified based on their light absorption or light scattering characteristics (0027, lines 35-40). At the time prior to the effective filing date of the invention it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art to try to stain nuclear region of white blood cells within the combination’s chambers to enable concentration measurements of white blood cells. Claim(s) 7 & 15 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over TAKAHASHI EP 3663760 in view of Diagnostic Biosystems, “Diagnostic BioSystems HighLighter™ Automated Slide Stainer”, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uEReOEnllOQ, Jun 18, 2020 hereafter Diagnostic Biosystems in further view of LIU CN 110794889. With respect to claim 7 according to claim 1, the combination does not teach the heater comprises an induction coil. Liu, in the same field of endeavor as Takashi of temperature control staining, teaches a heater comprising an induction coil ( pg. 2, ¶ 7, lines 1-3). At the time prior to the effective filing date, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art to combine Lui’s induction coil with the combination’s heater to precisely heat a sample for a desired staining (abstract, lines 10-13 Liu). With respect to claim 15 according to claim 10, the combination does not teach the heater comprises an induction coil. Liu, in the same field of endeavor as Takashi of temperature control staining, teaches a heater comprising an induction coil ( pg. 2, ¶ 7, lines 1-3). At the time prior to the effective filing date, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art to combine Lui’s induction coil with the combination’s heater to precisely heat a sample for a desired staining (abstract, lines 10-13 Liu). Claim(s) 8 & 16 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over TAKAHASHI EP 3663760 in view of Diagnostic Biosystems, “Diagnostic BioSystems HighLighter™ Automated Slide Stainer”, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uEReOEnllOQ, Jun 18, 2020 hereafter Diagnostic Biosystems in further view of paper of Sakura, “Tissue-Tek Genie Advanced Staining System” https://www.sakuraus.com/Products/Advanced-staining/Tissue-Tek-Genie-Advanced-Staining-System.html September 24, 2020 hereafter Sakura. With respect to claim 8 according to claim 1, the combination does not teach the heater is linked to all of the one or more chambers. Sakura, in the same field of endeavor as Takashi of temperature control staining, teaches a heater is linked to one or more chambers (fig 1) in order to heat individual samples (pg. 2, 30 independent stations). At the time prior to the effective filing date, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art to combine Sakura’s heater with the combination’s chambers to enable efficient temperature change for each chamber. PNG media_image4.png 241 215 media_image4.png Greyscale With respect to claim 16 according to claim 10, the combination does not teach the heater is linked to all of the one or more chambers. Sakura, in the same field of endeavor as Takashi of temperature control staining, teaches a heater is linked to one or more chambers (fig 1) in order to heat individual samples (pg. 2, 30 independent stations). At the time prior to the effective filing date, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art to combine Sakura’s heater with the combination’s chambers to enable efficient temperature change for each chamber. PNG media_image5.png 291 260 media_image5.png Greyscale Claim(s) 9 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over TAKAHASHI EP 3663760 in view of Diagnostic Biosystems, “Diagnostic BioSystems HighLighter™ Automated Slide Stainer”, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uEReOEnllOQ, Jun 18, 2020 hereafter Diagnostic Biosystems in further view of paper of Sakura, “Tissue-Tek Genie Advanced Staining System” https://www.sakuraus.com/Products/Advanced-staining/Tissue-Tek-Genie-Advanced-Staining-System.html September 24, 2020 hereafter Sakura in further view of Zhang CN 205761709. With respect to claim 9 according to claim 8, the combination does not teach a mounting bracket connected to all of one or more chambers, and a heating element mounted to the mounting bracket. Zhang, in the same field of endeavor as Takashi of mixing samples and reagents (pg. 12, ¶ 11, lines 1-2 Zhang), teaches a mounting bracket (fig 9, 608) connected to a chamber (fig 9, 604), configured to fix a heating element (fig 1, 602) to the chamber. At the time prior to the effective filing date, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art to combine Zhang’s mounting bracket with Takashi’s heater and chamber to keep the heater stationary during staining. Claim(s) 17 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over TAKAHASHI EP 3663760 in view of Diagnostic Biosystems, “Diagnostic BioSystems HighLighter™ Automated Slide Stainer”, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uEReOEnllOQ, Jun 18, 2020 hereafter Diagnostic Biosystems in further view of Zhang CN 205761709. With respect to claim 17 according to claim 10, the combination does not teach a mounting bracket connected to all of the chambers, and a heating element mounted to the mounting bracket. Zhang, in the same field of endeavor as Takashi of mixing samples and reagents (pg. 12, ¶ 11, lines 1-2 Zhang), teaches a mounting bracket (fig 9, 608) connected to a chamber (fig 9, 604), configured to fix a heating element (fig 1, 602) to the chamber. At the time prior to the effective filing date, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art to combine Zhang’s mounting bracket with Takashi’s heater and chambers to keep the heater stationary during staining. Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to MAURICE C SMITH whose telephone number is (571)272-2526. The examiner can normally be reached Monday-Friday 9am-5pm EST. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Kara Geisel can be reached at (571) 272-2416. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /MAURICE C SMITH/Examiner, Art Unit 2877
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Jul 21, 2023
Application Filed
Jan 22, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §103, §112 (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
84%
Grant Probability
80%
With Interview (-4.5%)
2y 3m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 704 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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