Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/228,684

PROCESS FOR FOAMING USING CARBON DIOXIDE SOLUTION

Non-Final OA §112
Filed
Aug 01, 2023
Examiner
BOYLE, KARA BRADY
Art Unit
1766
Tech Center
1700 — Chemical & Materials Engineering
Assignee
Dmn Material Technology (Jiangsu) Limited
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
61%
Grant Probability
Moderate
1-2
OA Rounds
2y 10m
To Grant
51%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 61% of resolved cases
61%
Career Allow Rate
553 granted / 901 resolved
-3.6% vs TC avg
Minimal -10% lift
Without
With
+-10.1%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 10m
Avg Prosecution
26 currently pending
Career history
927
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
0.5%
-39.5% vs TC avg
§103
44.7%
+4.7% vs TC avg
§102
19.9%
-20.1% vs TC avg
§112
24.8%
-15.2% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 901 resolved cases

Office Action

§112
CTNF 18/228,684 CTNF 85837 DETAILED ACTION Information Disclosure Statement 06-49-09 AIA The information disclosure statement filed 8/1/2023 fails to comply with 37 CFR 1.98(a)(3)(i) because it does not include a concise explanation of the relevance, as it is presently understood by the individual designated in 37 CFR 1.56(c) most knowledgeable about the content of the information, of each reference listed that is not in the English language. It has been placed in the application file, but the information referred to therein has not been considered. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 112 07-30-02 AIA The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112(b): (b) CONCLUSION.—The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor regards as the invention. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA), second paragraph: The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the applicant regards as his invention. 07-34-01 Claims 1-10 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA), second paragraph, as being indefinite for failing to particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor (or for applications subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, the applicant), regards as the invention. Claim 1, line 4 recites “the foam product.” There is insufficient antecedent basis for this limitation in the claim. The claim does not previously refer to a foam product. None of claims 2-10, which depend from claim 1, clarify the issue. Therefore, claims 1-10 are indefinite. Claim 7, line 1, recites “the pre-foaming device” and claim 7, line 2 recites “the primary foaming process.” There is insufficient antecedent basis for these limitations in the claim. The claim does not previously refer to a pre-foaming device or a primary foaming process, nor does claim 1 on which claim 7 depends. Claim 8 depends from claim 7 and does not clarify the issue. Claim 8 recites “the parison is foamed at 40-60 degrees C and 10-15 MPa for 20-40 minutes before being foamed at 100-160 degrees C and 40-50 MPa for 2-3 hours.” It is unclear when the step of being “foamed at 40-60 degrees C and 10-15 MPa for 20-40 minutes” is occurring. Claim 1 discusses primary foaming, and claim 7 recites “in the primary foaming process, sealed, injected with carbon dioxide, and foamed at 10-160 degrees C and 40-50 MPa for 2-3 hours.” However, claim 8 indicates that the parison is foamed at 40-60 degrees C and 10-15 MPa for 20-40 minutes before being foamed at 100-160 degrees C and 40-50 MPa for 2-3 hours, indicating that the primary foaming is actually at 40-60 degrees C and 10-15 MPa for 20-40 minutes, as this occurs before being foamed at 100-160 degrees C and 40-50 MPa for 2-3 hours, indicating that the being foamed at 100-160 degrees C and 40-50 MPa for 2-3 hours is actually the secondary foaming. Thus, it is unclear when the steps of claim 8 are actually occurring. Claim 9, line 1 recites “the secondary foaming temperature” in line 1. There is insufficient antecedent basis for this limitation. The claim does not previously refer to a secondary foaming temperature, nor does claim 1 on which claim 9 depends. Claim 10, line 1 recites “the secondary foaming time” in line 1. There is insufficient antecedent basis for this limitation. The claim does not previously refer to a secondary foaming time, nor does claim 1 on which claim 10 depends. Prior Art While the claims are indefinite for the reasons discussed above, there are no prior art rejections over the instant claims. The closest prior art references are the following: (1) CN 208290307; (2) Chang et al. (US 2022/0274297); (3) CN 110846011, and (4) Watkins (US 2014/0272379). Because CN 208290307 is not in English, the machine-translated English equivalent is cited below and is attached. Because CN 110846011 is not in English, the machine-translated English equivalent is cited below and is attached. CN 208290307 teaches a supercritical carbon dioxide foaming device. The device comprises a first foaming vessel and a second foaming vessel. See ¶8. CN ‘307 teaches that when in use, a resin and liquid carbon dioxide are mixed together in the first foaming kettle and the second foaming kettle. Discharge valves of both the first and second foaming kettles are opened to generate foam products. See page 8, second full paragraph of the attached translation. CN ‘307 fails to teach placing a parison in carbon dioxide solution for a primary foam followed by removing and putting the parison into the caron dioxide solution for secondary foaming to produce a foam product. Chang et al. teach foamed articles and methods or production thereof. In embodiments of Change et al., an article is maintained and held in a vessel with liquid carbon dioxide for a period of time sufficient to allow at least a portion of the carbon dioxide to infuse into at least a portion of a first region of the article. See ¶395. The carbon dioxide of Change et al. fills the vessel to a liquid level in which a first, second, and third region can be fully immersed in the carbon dioxide. See ¶397 and Figure 8B. Chang et al. fail to teach removing the article (corresponding to a “parison”) from the liquid carbon dioxide vessel, followed by putting the article back into the liquid carbon dioxide for a secondary foaming to produce a foam product. CN 110846011 teach formation of a gel which is saturated with carbon dioxide at 70ºC for 48 hours to prepare a gel foam. See page 7, lines 1-3. CN ‘011 fails to disclose putting a parison into carbon dioxide solution for a primary foaming, removing and putting the parison into the carbon dioxide solution for secondary foaming to produce a foam product. The gel of CN ‘011 is not a parison. There is no step of removing the gel of CN ‘011 from the carbon dioxide gas and no step of putting the gel back in carbon dioxide for a secondary foaming. Watkins teaches a method comprising infusing articles of a desired shape (corresponding to a “parison”) with a supercritical fluid, preferably carbon dioxide (¶40), wherein the carbon dioxide is preferably mixed with a polar fluid such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, or isopropanol. The mixture of the carbon dioxide and polar fluid is a solution. See ¶42. The articles are placed in a vessel, which is closed and CO2 is introduced. The article is saturated with the carbon dioxide (which again, can be mixed with a polar fluid making it a carbon dioxide solution which is added with the carbon dioxide solvent); the article is removed from the vessel; and the article is foamed by either immersing in a heated fluid or via microwaves or infrared irradiation. See ¶44-46. The hot liquids disclosed in Watkins include water, steam, or pressurized hot air. See ¶47-48. Watkins fails to teach a step of removing the article from the carbon dioxide solvent solution and then placing that article back in carbon dioxide solution. Watkins fails to teach that the heating liquids disclosed therein include carbon dioxide. The heating liquids include water, steam, and pressurized air. There is no motivation to use carbon dioxide at the heating medium to foam the articles of Watkins. Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to K. B BOYLE whose telephone number is (571)270-7338. The examiner can normally be reached 8:30 am to 5pm, Monday - Friday. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Randy Gulakowski can be reached at (571) 272-1302. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /K. BOYLE/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 1766 Application/Control Number: 18/228,684 Page 2 Art Unit: 1766 Application/Control Number: 18/228,684 Page 3 Art Unit: 1766 Application/Control Number: 18/228,684 Page 4 Art Unit: 1766 Application/Control Number: 18/228,684 Page 5 Art Unit: 1766 Application/Control Number: 18/228,684 Page 6 Art Unit: 1766 Application/Control Number: 18/228,684 Page 7 Art Unit: 1766
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Aug 01, 2023
Application Filed
Feb 22, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §112 (current)

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

Patent 12590197
BIO-BASED CARBON FOAM
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 31, 2026
Patent 12583991
FOAM COMPOSITIONS AND USES THEREOF
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 24, 2026
Patent 12570820
FOAMED POLYMERIC COMPOSITION
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 10, 2026
Patent 12570819
FOAMED POLYMER COMPOSITIONS INCLUDING A NANOSTRUCTURED FLUOROPOLYMER
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 10, 2026
Patent 12570824
OLEFIN-BASED THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMER FOAMED PARTICLE AND OLEFIN-BASED THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMER FOAMED PARTICLE MOLDED BODY
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 10, 2026
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

AI Strategy Recommendation

Get an AI-powered prosecution strategy using examiner precedents, rejection analysis, and claim mapping.
Powered by AI — typically takes 5-10 seconds

Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
61%
Grant Probability
51%
With Interview (-10.1%)
2y 10m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 901 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

Sign in with your work email

Enter your email to receive a magic link. No password needed.

Personal email addresses (Gmail, Yahoo, etc.) are not accepted.

Free tier: 3 strategy analyses per month