Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/231,051

METHOD FOR PREPARING 2-HYDROXY-5-OXOPROLINE

Final Rejection §112
Filed
Aug 07, 2023
Examiner
RODRIGUEZ-GARCIA, VALERIE
Art Unit
1621
Tech Center
1600 — Biotechnology & Organic Chemistry
Assignee
Millennium Enterprises Inc.
OA Round
2 (Final)
69%
Grant Probability
Favorable
3-4
OA Rounds
2y 6m
To Grant
99%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 69% — above average
69%
Career Allow Rate
558 granted / 811 resolved
+8.8% vs TC avg
Strong +32% interview lift
Without
With
+31.6%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 6m
Avg Prosecution
35 currently pending
Career history
846
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
2.3%
-37.7% vs TC avg
§103
22.3%
-17.7% vs TC avg
§102
24.5%
-15.5% vs TC avg
§112
36.2%
-3.8% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 811 resolved cases

Office Action

§112
Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Claims 1-21 are currently pending. Receipt of remarks and amendments filed on 12/15/2025 is acknowledged. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 112 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112(d): (d) REFERENCE IN DEPENDENT FORMS.—Subject to subsection (e), a claim in dependent form shall contain a reference to a claim previously set forth and then specify a further limitation of the subject matter claimed. A claim in dependent form shall be construed to incorporate by reference all the limitations of the claim to which it refers. The following is a quotation of pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, fourth paragraph: Subject to the following paragraph [i.e., the fifth paragraph of pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112], a claim in dependent form shall contain a reference to a claim previously set forth and then specify a further limitation of the subject matter claimed. A claim in dependent form shall be construed to incorporate by reference all the limitations of the claim to which it refers. Claims 2, 5-6, 9-10 and 19-21 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(d) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, 4th paragraph, as being of improper dependent form for failing to further limit the subject matter of the claim upon which it depends, or for failing to include all the limitations of the claim upon which it depends. Applicant may cancel the claim(s), amend the claim(s) to place the claim(s) in proper dependent form, rewrite the claim(s) in independent form, or present a sufficient showing that the dependent claim(s) complies with the statutory requirements. Claim 2 recites a temperature PNG media_image1.png 24 206 media_image1.png Greyscale . Claim 2 depends of claim 1, which requires a temperature PNG media_image2.png 20 194 media_image2.png Greyscale . Claim 19 recites a temperature PNG media_image1.png 24 206 media_image1.png Greyscale . Claim 19 depends of claim 16, which requires a temperature PNG media_image2.png 20 194 media_image2.png Greyscale . The dependent claims are rejected for containing the same issues. Applicant argues PNG media_image3.png 208 660 media_image3.png Greyscale This is not persuasive. In claim 1, step (a) is a dissolving step and step (b) is a reacting step. The limitation of the temperature range between 20°C and 50°C in claim 1 pertains to the reacting step (b). The limitation of claim 2 recites that the aqueous solution is reacted with the sodium 2-pyrrolidinone-5-carboxylate at a temperature between 20°C and 100°C. Claim 2 is clearly directed to the reacting step (b) of claim 1. Regarding the issues with claim 19, the same remarks described above with respect to claim 2 are applicable. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112(b): (b) CONCLUSION.—The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor regards as the invention. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph: The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the applicant regards as his invention. Claims 14 and 15 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph, as being indefinite for failing to particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor (or for applications subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, the applicant), regards as the invention. Claim 14 has been amended to depend of claim 11. Claim 14 recites the limitation "the pH of an aqueous solution". There is insufficient antecedent basis for this limitation in the claim. The dependent claims are rejected for containing the same issues. Duplicate Claims, Warning Applicant is advised that should claim 6 be found allowable, claim 20 will be objected to under 37 CFR 1.75 as being a substantial duplicate thereof. The claims cover the same exact subject matter. When two claims in an application are duplicates or else are so close in content that they both cover the same thing, despite a slight difference in wording, it is proper after allowing one claim to object to the other as being a substantial duplicate of the allowed claim. See MPEP § 706.03(k). The claims encompass the same exact subject matter. Appropriate correction is required. Claims 5, 7, 9 and 14 are objected to. Claim 5 recites “adjusting the pH of an aqueous solution”. This should be corrected to “adjusting the pH of the aqueous solution”. Claim 7 recites “adjusting the pH of an aqueous solution”. This should be corrected to “adjusting the pH of the aqueous solution”. Claim 9 recites “adjusting the pH of an aqueous solution”. This should be corrected to “adjusting the pH of the aqueous solution”. Claim 14 recites “adjusting the pH of an aqueous solution”. This should be corrected to “adjusting the pH of the aqueous solution”. Conclusion Claims 1, 3-4, 11-13 and 16-18 are allowable. Claims 2, 5-6, 9-10, 14-15 and 19-21 are rejected. The closest art is US 6,288,240. The prior art disclosed the synthesis of the same compound, however, under different conditions and with different oxidants. The instant claims would not have been obvious over the teachings of the prior art. THIS ACTION IS MADE FINAL. Applicant is reminded of the extension of time policy as set forth in 37 CFR 1.136(a). A shortened statutory period for reply to this final action is set to expire THREE MONTHS from the mailing date of this action. In the event a first reply is filed within TWO MONTHS of the mailing date of this final action and the advisory action is not mailed until after the end of the THREE-MONTH shortened statutory period, then the shortened statutory period will expire on the date the advisory action is mailed, and any nonprovisional extension fee (37 CFR 1.17(a)) pursuant to 37 CFR 1.136(a) will be calculated from the mailing date of the advisory action. In no event, however, will the statutory period for reply expire later than SIX MONTHS from the mailing date of this final action. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to VALERIE RODRIGUEZ-GARCIA whose telephone number is (571)270-5865. The examiner can normally be reached Monday-Friday 9:30am-5:30pm. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Clinton Brooks can be reached at 571-270-7682. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /VALERIE RODRIGUEZ-GARCIA/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 1621
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Aug 07, 2023
Application Filed
Nov 09, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §112
Dec 15, 2025
Response Filed
Feb 11, 2026
Final Rejection — §112 (current)

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

3-4
Expected OA Rounds
69%
Grant Probability
99%
With Interview (+31.6%)
2y 6m
Median Time to Grant
Moderate
PTA Risk
Based on 811 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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