Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/239,728

PHENANTHROLINE-BASED COMPOUND, METHOD OF PREPARING THE SAME AND PEROVSKITE SOLAR CELL COMPRISING THE SAME

Non-Final OA §112
Filed
Aug 29, 2023
Examiner
CHEN, PO-CHIH
Art Unit
1621
Tech Center
1600 — Biotechnology & Organic Chemistry
Assignee
Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
75%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
2y 7m
To Grant
88%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 75% — above average
75%
Career Allow Rate
553 granted / 740 resolved
+14.7% vs TC avg
Moderate +14% lift
Without
With
+13.8%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 7m
Avg Prosecution
52 currently pending
Career history
792
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
0.4%
-39.6% vs TC avg
§103
27.5%
-12.5% vs TC avg
§102
20.0%
-20.0% vs TC avg
§112
31.8%
-8.2% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 740 resolved cases

Office Action

§112
Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . DETAIL ACTION This office action is a response to an application filed 8/29/2023 claiming foreign priority to KR10-2022-0126245 filed 10/4/2022. As filed, claims 1-11 are pending, wherein claim 3 will be an independent claim once the claim is amended per Examiner’s suggestion below. Election/Restrictions Applicant’s election without traverse of Group II – Claims 3-6 in the reply filed on 12/9/2025 is acknowledged. Claims 1, 2, and 7-11 are withdrawn from further consideration pursuant to 37 CFR 1.142(b) as being drawn to a nonelected inventions, there being no allowable generic or linking claim. Election was made without traverse in the reply filed on 12/9/2025. Priority Receipt is acknowledged of certified copies of papers required by 37 CFR 1.55. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 112(b) The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112(b): (b) CONCLUSION.—The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor regards as the invention. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph: The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the applicant regards as his invention. Claims 3-6 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph, as being indefinite for failing to particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor (or for applications subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, the applicant), regards as the invention. Regarding claim 3, the claim recites a process for making a compound of instant formula (1) depicted in claim 1. However, the reactants used in the abovementioned process can only make the compound of instant formula (1) wherein instant variable A is O; instant variable R2 is C6 alkyl; instant variables R3 and R4 are methyl, and instant variable X is Br (i.e. instant formula 3, which is a species of instant formula 1). It is unclear to the Examiner whether the abovementioned process can make the compound of instant formula (1) outside the abovementioned limitations, such as wherein instant variable A is N or C1-C10 alkyl, etc. (e.g. other species encompassed by instant formula 1 outside of instant formula 3). Accordingly, the metes and bounds of this claim is unclear, which rendered the claim indefinite. Regarding claims 4-6, these claims are directly or indirectly dependent of claim 3, and they failed to correct the indefiniteness issue of claim 3, which rendered these claims indefinite. Claim Objections Claim 3 is objected to because of the following informalities: Regarding claim 3, the claim recites the phrase, “A method of preparing the phenanthroline-based compound of claim 1”. Claim 1 is drawn to a non-elected invention, which is not eligible for rejoinder, once claims 3-6 become allowable. Accordingly, claim 3 should be amended to an independent claim by incorporating all the limitations of claim 1. Regarding claim 3, the claim recites the phrase, “forming a first mixture by mixing a phenanthroline compound of Formula (2) below with 1,6-dibromo hexane and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol and stirring the resulting mixture; and forming a compound of Formula 3 below by adding sodium carbonate to the first mixture and heating the resulting mixture”. Such expression can be clarified by reciting -- forming a first mixture by mixing a phenanthroline compound of Formula (2) first mixture; and forming a compound of Formula 3 --. Appropriate correction is required. To Advance Prosecution The withdrawn claims 1, 2, and 7-11 are NOT eligible for rejoinder, once the abovementioned claims 3-6 become allowable. Accordingly, the Examiner is suggesting that the Applicant cancels claims 1, 2, and 7-11. Conclusion Claims 3-6 are rejected. Claim 3 is objected. Claims 1, 2, and 7-11 are withdrawn. The instant claims are drawn to a process of making a compound of instant formula (1); and instant variable R2 and the use of 1,6-dibromo hexane and 2,2,2-tirfluoroethanol for making the instantly claimed first mixture do not appear to have been disclosed previously in the prior arts. For at least this reason, the instant claims are substantially differentiated from any prior art reference, such as U.S. Patent No. 11,839,154, hereinafter Lee. Furthermore, the prior art provide insufficient guidance or motivation that would have led a person having ordinary skill in the art to arrive at the instantly claimed process. Telephone Inquiry Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to PO-CHIH CHEN whose telephone number is (571)270-7243. The examiner can normally be reached Monday - Friday 10:00 am to 6:00 pm. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Clinton Brooks can be reached at (571)270-7682. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /PO-CHIH CHEN/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 1621
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Aug 29, 2023
Application Filed
Dec 27, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §112 (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
75%
Grant Probability
88%
With Interview (+13.8%)
2y 7m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 740 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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