Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/241,940

MODULARIZED MODEL INTERACTION SYSTEM AND METHOD

Non-Final OA §103
Filed
Sep 04, 2023
Examiner
KESSLER, GREGORY AARON
Art Unit
2197
Tech Center
2100 — Computer Architecture & Software
Assignee
Grid AI Inc.
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
87%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
2y 10m
To Grant
95%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 87% — above average
87%
Career Allow Rate
714 granted / 818 resolved
+32.3% vs TC avg
Moderate +7% lift
Without
With
+7.4%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 10m
Avg Prosecution
20 currently pending
Career history
838
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
20.1%
-19.9% vs TC avg
§103
43.0%
+3.0% vs TC avg
§102
13.4%
-26.6% vs TC avg
§112
11.8%
-28.2% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 818 resolved cases

Office Action

§103
DETAILED ACTION Claims 1-20 are presented for examination. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. This application currently names joint inventors. In considering patentability of the claims the examiner presumes that the subject matter of the various claims was commonly owned as of the effective filing date of the claimed invention(s) absent any evidence to the contrary. Applicant is advised of the obligation under 37 CFR 1.56 to point out the inventor and effective filing dates of each claim that was not commonly owned as of the effective filing date of the later invention in order for the examiner to consider the applicability of 35 U.S.C. 102(b)(2)(C) for any potential 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(2) prior art against the later invention. Claims 1 and 4-10 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Kuo et al (U.S. Pat. Pub. No. 2019/0156246 A1, hereinafter Kuo) in view of Chan (U.S. Pat. Pub. No. 2019/0228261 A1). Kuo and Chan were cited in the IDS filed on 10/10/2023. As per claim 1, Kuo teaches the limitations as claimed, including a method for modular model implementation, comprising, at an orchestration module: receiving a set of requests identifying a set of models (Paragraph [0040], where the indication correlates to a request and includes a machine learning model); for each model of the set of models, initializing an instance of the model using a model module, associated with the respective model, from a set of model modules (Paragraph [0042]; Paragraph [0019] demonstrates that the selected machine learning model is from a set of machine learning models). Kuo does not expressly teach for each instance of a model of the set, executing a same series of standard submodules from the respective model module, wherein each standard submodule comprises standard model-specific logic, and wherein at least one standard submodule additionally comprises user-defined model-specific logic. However, Chan teaches for each instance of a model of the set, executing a same series of standard submodules from the respective model module, wherein each standard submodule comprises standard model-specific logic, and wherein at least one standard submodule additionally comprises user-defined model-specific logic (Paragraphs [0011] and [0033]). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art at the time of the filing of the application to combine the teachings of Chan with those of Kuo in order to allow for Kuo’s method to ensure that all of the parts of the model were executed properly in order to increase scalability and usability among potential users. As per claim 4, Kuo teaches that the model module further comprises a model submodule, wherein the model submodule comprises logic for a set of machine learning models (Paragraph [0052]). As per claim 5, Kuo teaches that the model module further comprises an optimizer submodule associated with a set of optimizers, wherein the optimizer submodule comprises optimizer-specific logic for each optimizer of the set of optimizers (Paragraph [0050]). As per claim 6, Kuo teaches that each request of the set of requests identifies a hardware type (Paragraph [0020]). As per claim 7, Kuo teaches that the hardware type comprises at least one of a central processing unit (CPU), graphics processing unit (GPU), image processing unit (IPU), or tensor processing unit (TPU) (Paragraph [0020]). As per claim 8, Kuo teaches for each request, initializing an instance of the respective hardware type using a hardware module, associated with the respective hardware type, from a set of hardware modules, wherein initializing the instance of the respective hardware type comprises executing a series of standard hardware submodules from the respective hardware module (Paragraph [0042]). As per claim 9, Kuo teaches that each hardware module comprises the same series of standard hardware submodules, wherein each hardware module defines logic specific to the respective hardware type within the respective standard hardware submodules (Paragraph [0054]). As per claim 10, Kuo teaches that for each request, the respective model module is executed on the respective instance of the hardware type (Paragraph [0054]). Claims 2, 3, and 11-20 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Kuo in view of Chan and further in view of Klementiev et al (U.S. Pat. Pub. No. 2009/0094614 A1, hereinafter Klementiev). As per claim 2, Kuo and Chan do not expressly teach a callback submodule, wherein the callback submodule comprises user- defined logic. However, Klementiev teaches a callback submodule, wherein the callback submodule comprises user- defined logic (Paragraph [0035]). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art at the time of the filing of the application to combine the teachings of Klementiev with those of Kuo and Chan in order to allow for Kuo’s and Chan’s method to be more responsive to particular user needs by allowing for greater customization, which could increase the desirability of the system, thereby potentially increasing buy-in among prospective users. As per claim 3, Kuo and Chan do not expressly teach a mechanism to override the standard model-specific logic and use the user-defined model- specific logic. However, Klementiev teaches a mechanism to override the standard model-specific logic and use the user-defined model- specific logic (Paragraph [0035]). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art at the time of the filing of the application to combine the teachings of Klementiev with those of Kuo and Chan in order to allow for Kuo’s and Chan’s method to be more responsive to particular user needs by allowing for greater customization, which could increase the desirability of the system, thereby potentially increasing buy-in among prospective users. As per claim 11, it is a system claim of method claim 1 with additional limitations. All corresponding limitations are rejected for the same reasons. As to the additional limitations, Kuo and Chan do not expressly teach a standard hook associated with user-defined model-specific logic and executing the user-defined model-specific logic when the standard hook is triggered. However, Klementiev teaches a standard hook associated with user-defined model-specific logic and executing the user-defined model-specific logic when the standard hook is triggered (Paragraph [0035]). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art at the time of the filing of the application to combine the teachings of Klementiev with those of Kuo and Chan in order to allow for Kuo’s and Chan’s system to be more responsive to particular user needs by allowing for greater customization, which could increase the desirability of the system, thereby potentially increasing buy-in among prospective users. As per claim 12, Klementiev teaches that a model module further comprises a callback submodule, wherein the callback submodule further comprises user-defined logic (Paragraph [0035]). As per claim 13, Klementiev teaches that the standard hook for the model module calls the callback submodule (Paragraph [0035]). As per claims 14-20, they are system claims with no further limitations beyond those rejected above. Therefore, they are rejected for the same reasons. Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to Gregory Kessler whose telephone number is (571)270-7762. The examiner can normally be reached M-Th 8:30 - 5, Alternate Fridays 8:30-4. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Bradley Teets can be reached at (571)272-3338. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /GREGORY A KESSLER/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 2197
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Sep 04, 2023
Application Filed
Nov 10, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §103 (current)

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

Patent 12602247
HANDOFF OF EXECUTING APPLICATION BETWEEN LOCAL AND CLOUD-BASED COMPUTING DEVICES
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 14, 2026
Patent 12602272
CIRCUITRY FOR ROUTING AND DELAY CORRECTION IN A MULTI-FUNCTIONAL UNIT SYSTEM
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 14, 2026
Patent 12591460
PARTITIONING RESPONSIVE TO PROCESSORS HAVING A DISPARATE NUMBER OF CORES
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 31, 2026
Patent 12579003
TECHNIQUES FOR BALANCING WORKLOADS WHEN PARALLELIZING MULTIPLY-ACCUMULATE COMPUTATIONS
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 17, 2026
Patent 12566638
CONTAINER RESOURCE AUTOSCALING BY CONTROL PLANE
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 03, 2026
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

AI Strategy Recommendation

Get an AI-powered prosecution strategy using examiner precedents, rejection analysis, and claim mapping.
Powered by AI — typically takes 5-10 seconds

Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
87%
Grant Probability
95%
With Interview (+7.4%)
2y 10m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 818 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

Sign in with your work email

Enter your email to receive a magic link. No password needed.

Personal email addresses (Gmail, Yahoo, etc.) are not accepted.

Free tier: 3 strategy analyses per month