DETAILED ACTION
Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status
The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA .
Continued Examination Under 37 CFR 1.114
A request for continued examination under 37 CFR 1.114, including the fee set forth in 37 CFR 1.17(e), was filed in this application after final rejection. Since this application is eligible for continued examination under 37 CFR 1.114, and the fee set forth in 37 CFR 1.17(e) has been timely paid, the finality of the previous Office action has been withdrawn pursuant to 37 CFR 1.114. Applicant's submission filed on 5/13/26 has been entered.
Response to Arguments
Applicant's arguments filed 5/13/26 have been fully considered but they are not persuasive. Regarding the applicant’s arguments, the applicant states that Okada fails to disclose a general environment to arrive at the tungsten lattice constant. However, the applicant fails to claim these formulas. The applicant claims a range for the tungsten lattice constant, which is disclosed by Okada in Table 1, as detailed in the rejection of claim 1 below.
Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103
The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action:
A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made.
Claims 1-10 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Garware (US Publication No.: US 2022/0143963 A1 of record, “Garware”) in view of Okada et al (US Publication No.: US 2019/0225503 A1 of record, “Okada”).
Regarding Claim 1, Garware discloses a laminated structure for solar radiation shielding (Paragraph 0108), the laminated structure comprising:
Two laminated plates elected form glass plates and plate-shaped plastics (Paragraph 0108; Table 5 discloses two laminated plastic plates); and
An intermediate layer provided between two laminated plates (Paragraph 0108; Table 5 disclose an intermediate layer), wherein
One or more members selected from the laminated plates and the intermediate layer contain solar radiation shielding function material particles contain particles of a complex tungsten oxide represented by General Formula: MXWyOZ (where an element M is one or more elements selected from H, He, alkali metals, alkaline-earth metals, rare-earth elements, Cs, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cu, Ag, Ca, Sr, Ba, In, TI, Sn, Yn, and Si, W represents tungsten, O represents oxygen, 0.001<x/y≤1, and 3.0<z/y<3.4) (Paragraph 0110 discloses nano particles, where Paragraphs 0043-0045 disclose a tungsten oxide using the claimed materials, such as TI, Sn, and if x is taken to be 0.01, y=0.7 and z=2.2, then x/y=.014 and z/y=3.14, both of which fall under the claimed ranges).
Garware fails to disclose that a lattice constant of a-axis of the complex tungsten oxide is 7.4099 angstroms or greater and 7.4149 angstroms or less, and a lattice constant of c-axis of the complex tungsten oxide is 7.5955 angstroms or greater and 7.6090 angstroms or less.
However, Okada discloses a similar structure where a lattice constant of a-axis of the complex tungsten oxide is 7.3850 angstroms or greater and 7.4186 angstroms or less, and a lattice constant of c-axis of the complex tungsten oxide is 7.5600 angstroms or greater and 7.6240 angstroms or less (Okada, Table 1 discloses a lattice constant of a-axis of the complex tungsten oxide to be 7.4097 and a lattice constant of c-axis of the complex tungsten oxide to be 7.6033, both of which fall within the claimed range).
It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the invention to modify the structure as disclosed by Garware to include a particular lattice constant as disclosed by Okada. One would have been motivated to do so for the purpose of achieving optimal conditions for solar radiation protection (Okada, Paragraphs 0284-00290).
Regarding Claim 2, Garware in view of Okada discloses the laminated structure for solar radiation shielding according to wherein the element M contains one or more elements selected from Cs, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cu, Ag, Ba, In, and Sn (Paragraph 0043 discloses at least Sn).
Regarding Claim 3, Garware in view of Okada discloses the laminate structure for solar radiation shielding according to claim 1, wherein the particles of the complex tungsten oxide contain a crystal having one or more crystal structures selected from a hexagonal crystal, a tetragonal crystal, and a cubic crystal (Paragraph 0045 discloses hexagonal crystal).
Regarding Claim 4, Garware in view of Okada discloses the laminated structure for solar radiation shielding according to claim 1, wherein the element M contains one or more elements selected from Cs and Rb (Paragraph 0043 discloses alkali metals which includes Cs and Rb), the complex tungsten oxide has a hexagonal crystal structure (Paragraph 0045 discloses hexagonal crystal).
Regarding Claim 5, Garware in view of Okada discloses the laminated structure for solar radiation shielding according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate layer includes at least one intermediate film containing a synthetic resin, and the intermediate layer includes, as the intermediate film, at least one solar radiation shielding intermediate film containing the synthetic resin and the solar radiation shielding function material particles provided in the synthetic resin (Table 5 discloses PET which is a synthetic resin, where Paragraphs 0043-0045 disclose nanoparticles within the synthetic resin).
Regarding Claim 6, Garware in view of Okada discloses the laminated structure for solar radiation shielding according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate layer includes at least one intermediate film containing a synthetic resin (Table 5 discloses a PET layer which is a synthetic resin), and the intermediate layer includes, as the intermediate film, a supporting intermediate film containing the synthetic resin, and a solar radiation shielding intermediate film formed on at least one surface of the supporting intermediate film and containing the synthetic resin and the solar radiation shielding function material particles provided in the synthetic resin (Paragraphs 0043-0045 disclose disposing a solar radiation shielding intermediate film on the support intermediate film, where it contains a synthetic resin).
Regarding Claim 7, Garware in view of Okada discloses the laminated structure for solar radiation shielding according to claim 6, wherein the supporting intermediate film is a resin film having ductility (Table 5 discloses a PET supporting intermediate film which is known to have ductility).
Regarding Claim 8, Garware in view of Okada discloses the laminated structure for solar radiation shielding according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate layer includes at least one intermediate film containing a synthetic resin, and the intermediate layer includes, as the intermediate film, a solar radiation shielding intermediate film, which is a resin film having ductility, and which contains the solar radiation shielding function material particles in the resin film (Table 5 discloses a PET synthetic resin film, where Paragraphs 0043-0045 disclose a resin film having ductility disposed on a surface of the PET synthetic resin film containing the solar radiation shielding function material particles).
Regarding Claim 9, Garware in view of Okada discloses the laminated structure for solar radiation shielding according to claim 5.
Garware fails to disclose that the synthetic resin is a vinyl-based resin or an ionomer resin.
However, Okada discloses a similar structure where the synthetic resin is a vinyl-based resin or an ionomer resin (Okada, Paragraph 0196).
It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the invention to modify the structure as disclosed by Garware to include a vinyl-based resin as disclosed by Okada. One would have been motivated to do so for the purpose of optimizing productivity and device cost (Okada, Paragraph 0197).
Regarding Claim 10, Garware in view of Okada discloses the laminated structure for solar radiation shielding according to claim 1, wherein the plate-shaped plastics contain one or more resins selected from polycarbonate resins, acrylic resins, and polyethylene terephthalate resins (Table 5 discloses PET and acrylic resins).
Conclusion
Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to MARIAM QURESHI whose telephone number is (571)272-4434. The examiner can normally be reached 9AM-5PM EST M-F.
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/MARIAM QURESHI/Examiner, Art Unit 2871
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