Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/260,754

LOW PRESSURE VALVE ASSEMBLIES

Final Rejection §103
Filed
Jul 07, 2023
Examiner
MCCALISTER, WILLIAM M
Art Unit
3753
Tech Center
3700 — Mechanical Engineering & Manufacturing
Assignee
Novoheart International Limited
OA Round
3 (Final)
69%
Grant Probability
Favorable
4-5
OA Rounds
2y 10m
To Grant
88%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 69% — above average
69%
Career Allow Rate
699 granted / 1015 resolved
-1.1% vs TC avg
Strong +19% interview lift
Without
With
+19.1%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 10m
Avg Prosecution
33 currently pending
Career history
1048
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
0.3%
-39.7% vs TC avg
§103
38.6%
-1.4% vs TC avg
§102
29.8%
-10.2% vs TC avg
§112
26.2%
-13.8% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 1015 resolved cases

Office Action

§103
Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 The text of those sections of Title 35, U.S. Code not included in this action can be found in a prior Office action. Continued Examination Under 37 CFR 1.114 A request for continued examination under 37 CFR 1.114, including the fee set forth in 37 CFR 1.17(e), was filed in this application after final rejection. Since this application is eligible for continued examination under 37 CFR 1.114, and the fee set forth in 37 CFR 1.17(e) has been timely paid, the finality of the previous Office action has been withdrawn pursuant to 37 CFR 1.114. Applicant's submission filed on 11/10/25 has been entered. Claim(s) 1-8, 11, 13-19, and 21 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over US 4,646,781 to Mcintyre et al. (hereinafter, "Mcintyre") in view of US 2015/0250931 to 3M Innovative Properties Company (hereinafter, "3M"). Regarding Claim 1, Mcintyre discloses a low pressure valve assembly (The valve will operate under a low pressure and in small channels, Col. 1, Lns. 41-42) comprising: an elastomeric material including diaphragm may be made of any medical grade silicone rubber, natural rubber or other suitable flexible, elastic, or resilient, material, Col. 2, Lns. 57-59), a first backing material having a flat top surface and a flat bottom surface (see annotated Figure, below) and includes an inlet (10), and a second backing material having a flat top surface and a flat bottom surface (see annotated Figure, below) and includes an outlet (24), wherein the elastomeric material is between the first backing material and the second backing material (flexible diaphragm 18 is located between body elements 17 and 19, Fig. 3 thru 6), and wherein the deformable portion is configured to deform at a range of pressures including a pressure of less than or equal to 1 mmH20 (pressure on said valve, as an input valve or an output valve, may be on the order of from -4 to +20 psi [1 mmH20 is equal to 0.0014223343307953 psi], Col. 2, Lns. 63-65). PNG media_image1.png 575 728 media_image1.png Greyscale Mcintyre fails to explicitly disclose at least one cut that forms the deformable portion. 3M teaches that it was known in the art before the effective filing date to form a valve having at least one cut that forms a deformable portion (valve 630 includes slits 635 [cuts] that form a deformable portion that enables valve flap 636 to move, Fig. 23A, 23B and 23C). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date to modify the valve of McIntyre to include the at least one cut as taught by 3M. The motivation for doing so would have been to provide a cut that forms the deformable opening in the elastomeric portion of the valve in order to reliably perrform the required valving function. Regarding Claim 2, modified Mcintyre renders obvious the low pressure valve assembly of claim 1, but Mcintyre fails to explicitly disclose wherein the elastomeric material includes at least two cuts. 3M teaches at least two cuts (valve 630 includes two slits 635 [cuts] that form a deformable portion that enables valve flap 636 to move, Fig. 23A, 23B and 23C). it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art at the time of the invention to modify the valve of McIntyre to include the at least two cuts as taught by 3M. The motivation for doing so would have been to provide cuts that form the deformable opening in the elastomeric portion of the valve in order to reliably perform the required valving function. Regarding Claim 3, modified McIntyre renders obvious the low pressure valve assembly of claim 1, wherein the outlet is circular (outlet conduits 11 and 24 are circular, Fig. 3 and 4). Regarding Claim 4, modified McIntyre renders obvious the low pressure valve assembly of claim 1, wherein the outlet is configured to not obstruct the deformable portion (body element 17 [first backing] includes outlet conduit 11 and body element 19 [second backing] includes outlet conduit 24 that do not obstruct flexible diaphragm 18 that is deformed at protruding surfaces 21 and 20, at least when the valve is open, Fig. 3 thru 6). Regarding Claim 5, modified Mcintyre renders obvious the low pressure valve assembly of claim 1, comprising an inlet (intake conduits 10 and 25 are circular, Fig. 3 and 4) but Mcintyre fails to explicitly disclose the inlet is rectangular. It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art at the time the invention was made to provide an inlet that is rectangular, since a change in shape of an element involves only routine skill in the art. Alternatively consider that rectangular inlets were well-known in the art at the time of filing (taken as admitted prior art because Applicant did not traverse the prior assertion of well-known status). The motivation for doing so would be to provide an inlet that matches a connection device of a pump and/or reservoir. Regarding Claim 6, modified McIntyre renders obvious the low pressure valve assembly of claim 1, wherein the inlet is configured to obstruct the deformable portion (body element 17 [first backing] includes intake conduit 10 integral with protruding surface 20 [inlet) and body element 19 [second backing} includes intake conduit 25 integral with protruding surface 21 [intet] that obstruct deformable portion of flexible diaphragm 18, e.g., when the valve is closed, Fig. 3 thru 6). Regarding Claim 7, modified Mcintyre renders obvious the low pressure valve assembly of claim 6, wherein the inlet is configured to prevent backflow (Fig. 6 illustrates how the valve seals against backward flow, the pressure in the reverse direction of the valve causes the diaphragm 18 to seal shut against the entrance to conduit 25, Col. 4, Lns. 6-9). Regarding Claim 8, modified Mcintyre renders obvious the low pressure valve assembly of claim 1, but Mcintyre fails to explicitly disclose wherein the at least two cuts are parallel. 3M teaches at least two cuts that are parallel (valve 630 includes two parallel slits 635 {cuts], Fig. 23A, 23B and 23C). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date to modify the valve of Mcintyre to include parallel cuts as taught by 3M. The motivation for doing so would have been to provide a configuration that is known to ensure effective operation of the elastomeric portion of the valve. Regarding Claim 11, Mcintyre discloses a low pressure valve assembly comprising: an elastomeric material including a first backing material having a flat top surface and a flat bottom surface (see annotated Figure, above) and includes a first inlet and a first outlet (body element 17 [first backing material] includes intake conduit 10 and outlet conduit 11, Fig. 3 and 4), and a second backing material having a flat top surface and a flat bottom surface (see annotated Figure, above) and includes a second inlet and a second outlet (body element 19 [second backing material] includes outlet conduit 24 and intake conduit 25, Fig. 3 and 4), wherein the elastomeric material is between the first backing material and the second backing material (flexible diaphragm 18 is located between body elements 17 and 19, Fig. 3 thru 6), and wherein the first deformable portion and the second deformable portion are each configured to deform at a range of pressures including a pressure of less than or equal to 1 mmH2O (pressure on said valve, as an input valve or an output valve, may be on the order of from -4 to +20 psi [1 mmHZ2O is equal to 0.0014223343307953 psi], Col. 2, Lns. 63-65). Mcintyre fails to explicitly disclose at least one first cut that forms the first deformable portion and at least one second cut that forms the second deformable portion. 3M teaches that it was known in the art before the effective filing date to form a valve having first and second cuts 635 that form a single deformable portion 636 (valve 630 includes first slit 635 [cut] and second slit 635 [cut] that form a deformable portion that enables valve flap 636 to move, Fig. 23A, 23B and 23C). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art at the time of the invention to modify the valve of Mcintyre to include first and second cuts at each of Mcintyre’s deformable portions, as taught by 3M. The motivation for doing so would have been to provide cuts that form the deformable openings in the first and second deformable portions of Mcintyre’s valves in order to reliably perform the required valving function. Regarding Claim 13, modified Mcintyre renders obvious the low pressure valve assembly of claim 11, wherein the first outlet is circular (outlet conduits 11 [second] and 24 [first] are circular, Fig. 3 and 4). Regarding Claim 14, modified Mcintyre renders obvious the low pressure valve assembly of claim 11, wherein the second outlet is circular (outlet | conduits 11 [second] and 24 [first] are circular, Fig. 3 and 4). Regarding Claim 15, modified McIntyre renders obvious the low pressure valve assembly of claim 11, wherein the first outlet and the second outlet are each configured to not obstruct the first deformable portion or the second deformable portion (body element 17 [first backing] includes outlet conduit 11 [second] and body element 19 [second backing] includes outlet conduit 24 [first] that do not obstruct flexible diaphragm 18 that is deformed at protruding surfaces 21 and 20, e.g., when the valve is open, see Fig. 3 thru 6). Regarding Claim 16, modified McIntyre renders obvious the low pressure valve assembly of claim 11, comprising an inlet (intake conduits 10 [first] and 25 [second] are circular, Fig. 3 and 4) but Mcintyre fails to explicitly disclose the inlet is rectangular. It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art at the time the invention was made to provide an inlet that is rectangular, since a change in shape of an element involves only routine skill in the art. Alternatively, note that rectangular inlets were also well-known in the art at the time of filing (taken as admitted prior art because Applicant did not traverse the prior assertion of well-known status). The motivation for doing so would be to provide an inlet that matches a connection device of a pump and/or reservoir. Regarding Claim 17, modified McIntyre renders obvious the low pressure valve assembly of claim 11, comprising an inlet (intake conduits 10 [first] and 25 [second] are circular, Fig. 3 and 4) but Mcintyre fails to explicitly disclose the inlet is rectangular. It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art at the time the invention was made to provide an inlet that is rectangular, since a change in shape of an element involves only routine skill in the art. Alternatively, note that rectangular inlets were also well-known in the art at the time of filing (taken as admitted prior art because Applicant did not traverse the prior assertion of well-known status). The motivation for doing so would be to provide an inlet that matches a connection device of a pump and/or reservoir. Regarding Claim 18, modified McIntyre renders obvious the low pressure valve assembly of claim 11, wherein the first inlet and the second inlet are each configured to obstruct the first deformable portion and the second deformable portion (body element 17 [first backing] includes intake conduit 10 [first] integral with protruding surface 20 [inlet] and body element 19 [second backing] includes intake conduit 25 [second] integral with protruding surface 21 [inlet] that obstruct deformable portion of flexible diaphragm 18, e.g., when the valve is closed, see Fig. 3 thru 6). Regarding Claim 19, modified Mcintyre renders obvious the low pressure valve assembly of claim 18, wherein the first inlet and the second inlet are each configured to prevent backflow (Fig. 6 illustrates how the valve seals against backward flow, the pressure in the reverse direction of the valve causes the diaphragm 18 to seal shut against the entrance to conduit 25 [second intake - first intake conduit 10 similar design], Col. 4, Lns. 6-9). Regarding Claim 21, modified Mcintyre renders obvious a method of pumping fluid using a valve assembly of claim 1 (the invention relates to an improved valve particularly suited for application in small medical devices, particularly in infusion pumps, Col. 1, Lns. 9-13). Claim(s) 9, 10, 12 and 20 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Mcintyre in view of 3M as set forth above, and further in view of US 2010/0179480 to Sugiki et al. (hereinafter, "Sugiki"). Modified McIntyre renders obvious the low pressure valve assembly of claim 1, but Mcintyre fails to explicitly disclose wherein the elastomeric material further includes at least one relief cut for each deformable portion as claimed. Sugiki teaches a valve body and medical tool (Abstract) having an elastomeric material that includes four relief cuts for a similar deformable portion (valve body 6 includes opening and closing section 60 [deformable portion] integral with concave portions 66 [relief cuts]). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date to modify each deformable portion in the valve of McIntyre to include relief cuts as taught by Sugiki. The motivation for doing so would have been to provide a relief cut in order to make the elastomeric portion of the valve more flexible and easy to open, or to reduce localized stresses thereby prolonging the lifespan of Sugiki’s valve. Response to Arguments Applicant's arguments filed 11/10/25 have been fully considered but they are not persuasive. It is clear to see that Mcintyre’s body elements 17 and 19 include flat top and bottom surfaces (as pointed to in annotated FIG 4, above), even though they also include protruding portions. Importantly, for example, the claims do not require that an entire bottom of the first backing material be devoid of protrusions, or that the backing material rest against the flat surface, but instead merely require “a flat [ ] bottom surface”. It is seen that a flat bottom surface may be present along with a different protruding bottom surface. Conclusion The prior art that was previously made of record and not relied upon is considered pertinent to applicant's disclosure. US 3,401,719 discloses a similar valve arrangement with a first backing material 23 having flat top and bottom surfaces and a second backing material 24 having flat top and bottom surfaces in Figures 2 and 4, which first and second backing materials are also devoid of protrusions (although this feature is unclaimed, it appears to be in the direction of prosecution). All claims are identical to or patentably indistinct from, or have unity of invention with claims in the application prior to the entry of the submission under 37 CFR 1.114 (that is, restriction (including a lack of unity of invention) would not be proper) and all claims could have been finally rejected on the grounds and art of record in the next Office action if they had been entered in the application prior to entry under 37 CFR 1.114. Accordingly, THIS ACTION IS MADE FINAL even though it is a first action after the filing of a request for continued examination and the submission under 37 CFR 1.114. See MPEP § 706.07(b). Applicant is reminded of the extension of time policy as set forth in 37 CFR 1.136(a). A shortened statutory period for reply to this final action is set to expire THREE MONTHS from the mailing date of this action. In the event a first reply is filed within TWO MONTHS of the mailing date of this final action and the advisory action is not mailed until after the end of the THREE-MONTH shortened statutory period, then the shortened statutory period will expire on the date the advisory action is mailed, and any nonprovisional extension fee (37 CFR 1.17(a)) pursuant to 37 CFR 1.136(a) will be calculated from the mailing date of the advisory action. In no event, however, will the statutory period for reply expire later than SIX MONTHS from the mailing date of this final action. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to WILLIAM M MCCALISTER whose telephone number is (571)270-1869. The examiner can normally be reached M-F from 7am to 6pm. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, CRAIG SCHNEIDER, can be reached at telephone number 571-272-3607, or Kenneth Rinehart can be reached at 571-272-4881. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of an application may be obtained from Patent Center. Status information for published applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Status information for unpublished applications is available through Patent Center for authorized users only. Should you have questions about access to Patent Center, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) Form at https://www.uspto.gov/patents/uspto-automated- interview-request-air-form. /WILLIAM M MCCALISTER/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 3753 11/20/25
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Jul 07, 2023
Application Filed
Oct 23, 2024
Non-Final Rejection — §103
Jan 28, 2025
Response Filed
May 06, 2025
Final Rejection — §103
Nov 10, 2025
Request for Continued Examination
Nov 12, 2025
Response after Non-Final Action
Nov 20, 2025
Final Rejection — §103 (current)

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

Patent 12601166
LINING TUBE FOR RECONDITIONING OF DEFECTIVE SEWER PIPES AND METHOD OF PRODUCING AND INSTALLING ONE
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 14, 2026
Patent 12590711
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR MONITORING MAKEUP WATER FOR AUTOMATED LEAK DETECTION
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 31, 2026
Patent 12584777
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONTINUOUSLY SUPPLYING A METERING DEVICE
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 24, 2026
Patent 12575747
AIR CONTROL MECHANISM AND SPHYGMOMANOMETER
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 17, 2026
Patent 12576970
WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR AN AIRCRAFT
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 17, 2026
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

AI Strategy Recommendation

Get an AI-powered prosecution strategy using examiner precedents, rejection analysis, and claim mapping.
Powered by AI — typically takes 5-10 seconds

Prosecution Projections

4-5
Expected OA Rounds
69%
Grant Probability
88%
With Interview (+19.1%)
2y 10m
Median Time to Grant
High
PTA Risk
Based on 1015 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

Sign in with your work email

Enter your email to receive a magic link. No password needed.

Personal email addresses (Gmail, Yahoo, etc.) are not accepted.

Free tier: 3 strategy analyses per month