Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/266,467

EXTRACORPOREAL DEVICE AND MATRIX FOR REMOVING AMMONIA FROM BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS, METHODS AND USES THEREOF

Non-Final OA §112
Filed
Jun 09, 2023
Examiner
LEBRON, BENJAMIN L
Art Unit
1773
Tech Center
1700 — Chemical & Materials Engineering
Assignee
Plas-Free Ltd.
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
69%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
3y 0m
To Grant
85%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 69% — above average
69%
Career Allow Rate
351 granted / 510 resolved
+3.8% vs TC avg
Strong +16% interview lift
Without
With
+16.2%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 0m
Avg Prosecution
33 currently pending
Career history
543
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
1.7%
-38.3% vs TC avg
§103
48.5%
+8.5% vs TC avg
§102
14.3%
-25.7% vs TC avg
§112
29.3%
-10.7% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 510 resolved cases

Office Action

§112
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Claim Interpretation With regard to Claims 97, 98, 104, and 106, the term “battery” will be examined as “a number of similar articles, items, or devices arranged, connected, or used together” from Merriam Webster dictionary, which is consistent with the instant specification at Figures 12 and 13, Pages 49 and 50. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 112 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112(b): (b) CONCLUSION.—The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor regards as the invention. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph: The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the applicant regards as his invention. Claims 88, 94, 97, 98, 100, 103, 104, and 106 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph, as being indefinite for failing to particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor (or for applications subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, the applicant), regards as the invention. With regard to Claim 88, part (b); Claim 94, part (b)(i); Claim 97, first line; Claim 98, last line; Claim 100, part (b); Claim 103, part (i); and Claim 104, part (b); “amine” is defined in Merriam-Webster’s dictionary as “any of a class of basic organic compounds derived from ammonia by replacement of hydrogen with one or more monovalent hydrocarbon radicals”. Therefore, ammonia is not an amine, and as a result, it is not clear if the trapping agent A that is covalently bonded to the mth carbonyl group is actually capable of capturing or binding an amine as traditionally defined, or if the trapping agent A is capable of capturing or binding either ammonia or an amine. With regard to Claims 88 and 100, parts (a)(i), (a)(ii), and (a)(iii), the claim recites that the linker comprises a straight chain alkane. Webster-Merriam dictionary defines “alkane” as “any of numerous saturated hydrocarbons”. Therefore, the claimed straight chain alkane cannot be unsaturated, as in (i) and (ii), or contain any double bonds, as in (iii). With regard to Claims 104 and 106, the claims each state “conjugate as defined in claim 99” but then also state the limitations for a conjugate, which appear substantially the same as the conjugate of claim 99. It is not clear if there is an intent to differentiate between the conjugate of claim 99 and the claimed conjugate, or if they are the same. Allowable Subject Matter Independent Claims 87, 98, 99, 104, 105, and 106 all require a “conjugate having the structure of formula I, the conjugate comprising a particle bonded to at least one linker comprising a chain of n carbon atoms covalently bonded to m carbonyl groups, and at least one trapping agent A covalently bonded to the mth carbonyl group; wherein, n is an integer within the range of 5 to 15, and m is an integer within the range of 5 to 10, wherein trapping agent A is characterized by having the ability to capture or bind amine”. Functional groups such as carboxylic acids that can bind to amine groups are well known in the art of liquid purification using particles and ligands, as evidenced at least by Stein (US 2012/0018382, [0166]). Furthermore, it is known from at least Eisen (US 2010/0230346, e.g., [0008], [0020], and Claim 10) to use two adjacent carbonyl groups as a functional group for adsorbing urea (containing two primary amines) without generation of ammonia. Finally, it is well known in the art to use a hydrocarbon chain within the claimed range as a spacer between a particle and a ligand containing a functional group, as evidenced by at least Maloisel (US 2015/0299248, [0052]-[0053]). However, it would not be obvious to combine these three references in order to arrive at the claimed invention. Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to BENJAMIN LEBRON whose telephone number is (571)272-0475. The examiner can normally be reached 9 AM - 5:30 PM. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Vickie Kim can be reached at 571-272-0579. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. Benjamin Lebron Primary Examiner Art Unit 1777 /BENJAMIN L LEBRON/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 1777
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Prosecution Timeline

Jun 09, 2023
Application Filed
Oct 10, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §112 (current)

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

Patent 12589332
LIQUID SEPARATION KIT
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 31, 2026
Patent 12589331
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2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 31, 2026
Patent 12584892
APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR DETECTING AND QUANTIFYING ANALYTES
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 24, 2026
Patent 12576344
TEMPERATURE-ASSISTED ON-COLUMN FOCUSING
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 17, 2026
Patent 12577277
A METHOD FOR SEPARATING BIOMOLECULES
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 17, 2026
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
69%
Grant Probability
85%
With Interview (+16.2%)
3y 0m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 510 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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