Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/267,399

WATER VEHICLE

Non-Final OA §103
Filed
Jun 14, 2023
Examiner
POLAY, ANDREW
Art Unit
3615
Tech Center
3600 — Transportation & Electronic Commerce
Assignee
Cpd Ltd.
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
74%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
2y 5m
To Grant
95%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 74% — above average
74%
Career Allow Rate
654 granted / 881 resolved
+22.2% vs TC avg
Strong +21% interview lift
Without
With
+21.1%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 5m
Avg Prosecution
42 currently pending
Career history
923
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
1.2%
-38.8% vs TC avg
§103
37.0%
-3.0% vs TC avg
§102
28.6%
-11.4% vs TC avg
§112
28.6%
-11.4% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 881 resolved cases

Office Action

§103
Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claim(s) 1, 2, 6-8 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Zhang (CN 106882341 A) in view of Kang (KR 101816136 B1). Regarding Claim 1, Zhang discloses a water vehicle comprising an underwater propulsion module (Element 206-208), an upper platform (Element 205) and a vertical support, in the form of a mast or a pylon (motor pylons, Fig 1), connecting and fixed at both ends to the propulsion module and to the upper platform, an energy source (Element 204) and an electronic control unit (Element 203), the propulsion module having at least two propeller groups are mounted, each of which comprising an electric motor and a water screw propeller with two to five blades (See Fig. 1.), wherein the propeller groups are arranged symmetrically with respect to the central vertical axis of the housing (See Fig. 1.) and are designed in working state to generate vertical thrust such that the upper platform plus maximum payload to be lifted above the water surface, wherein rotational axes of the propeller groups are arranged vertically or at an angle to the central vertical axis of the housing. (top of page 4). Zhang does not explicitly disclose the propulsion unit is in a housing. Kang discloses wherein the propulsion unit is in a housing (Element 11), and the propulsion unit is underwater”(“Propeller (13b) of the balance portion (23) together is always desirable to under water”). It would have been obvious at the time of filing for a person of ordinary skill in the marine art to add a housing to the propulsion unit of Zhang which can be accomplished with a reasonable expectation of success. The motivation to modify Zhang, is to provide fairing to the underwater propulsion modules of Zhang. Regarding Claim 2, Zhang in view of Kang discloses a water vehicle according to claim 1, but does not explicitly disclose in the combination proposed wherein there are at least four of the propeller groups. Kang discloses wherein there are at least four of the propeller groups. (Element 23, Fig. 4.) It would have been obvious at the time of filing for a person of ordinary skill in the marine art to scale up the number of propellers of Zhang to four which can be accomplished with a reasonable expectation of success. The motivation to modify Zhang is spread out the forces to reduce the righting moments for at least axes. Regarding Claim 6, Zhang in view of Kang discloses a water vehicle according to claim 1, the water screw propellers have a constant pitch. (Constant pitch are normal propellers and would be implicitly disclose. See MPEP 2144.04.) Regarding Claim 7, Zhang in view of Kang discloses a water vehicle according to claim 1, the energy source and the electronic control unit being mounted in the housing of the underwater propulsion module. (See rejection Claim 1. This is suggested by the arrangement of Zhang Fig. 1.) Regarding Claim 8, Zhang in view of Kang discloses a water vehicle according to claim 1, further including a sensor unit for orientation and positioning comprising one or more of the following devices: ultrasonic distance sensors, a gyroscope, a GPS module and/or an accelerometer. (top of page 3). Claims 5 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Zhang (CN 106882341 A) in view of Kang (KR 101816136 B1) and further in view of Schibli (US 20190106190 A1) Regarding Claim 5, Zhang in view of Kang discloses a water vehicle according to claim 1, but does not explicitly disclose the propeller groups comprising BLDC electric motors which are controlled by pulse width modulation. Schibil discloses a battery operated water vehicle wherein the propeller groups comprising BLDC electric motors which are controlled by pulse width modulation. (Paragraphs 46 and 146) It would have been obvious at the time of filing for a person of ordinary skill in the marine art to select BLDC electric motors which are controlled by pulse width modulation for the motors of Zhang which can be accomplished with a reasonable expectation of success. The motivation to modify Zhang is to use known motors recognized as suitable for propelling a battery operated water vehicle. Claim 9 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Zhang (CN 106882341 A) in view of Kang (KR 101816136 B1) and further in view of Wengreen (US 10358194 B1) Regarding Claim 9, Zhang in view of Kang discloses a water vehicle according to claim 1, but does not explicitly disclose further comprising a communication module and a remote control. Wengren disclose further comprising a communication module and a remote control. (C14, L14). It would have been obvious at the time of filing for a person of ordinary skill in the marine art to add the remote and communications module of Wengren to the vehicle of Zhang which can be accomplished with a reasonable expectation of success. The motivation to modify Zhang is to facilitate control. Claims 10 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Zhang (CN 106882341 A) in view of Kang (KR 101816136 B1) and further in view of Montague (WO 2019050570 A) Regarding Claim 10, Zhang in view of Kang discloses a water vehicle according to claim 1, but does not explicitly disclose the upper platform having a positive buoyancy which is greater than the total negative buoyancy of the other structural elements plus the maximum payload. Montague discloses the upper platform having a positive buoyancy which is greater than the total negative buoyancy of the other structural elements plus the maximum payload. (paragraph 45 ) It would have been obvious at the time of filing for a person of ordinary skill in the marine art to mke the displacement of the upper platform of Zhang such that the upper platform having a positive buoyancy which is greater than the total negative buoyancy of the other structural elements plus the maximum payload which can be accomplished with a reasonable expectation of success. The motivation to modify Zhang is to keep it from sinking when you board it. Allowable Subject Matter Claims 3, 4 are objected to as being dependent upon a rejected base claim, but would be allowable if rewritten in independent form including all of the limitations of the base claim and any intervening claims. Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to ANDREW POLAY whose telephone number is (408)918-9746. The examiner can normally be reached M-F 9-5 Pacific. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Joe Morano can be reached at 5712726684. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /ANDREW POLAY/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 3615 10 Dec 2025
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Jun 14, 2023
Application Filed
Dec 11, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §103 (current)

Precedent Cases

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
74%
Grant Probability
95%
With Interview (+21.1%)
2y 5m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 881 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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