DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis (i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale, or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. (a)(2) the claimed invention was described in a patent issued under section 151, or in an application for patent published or deemed published under section 122(b), in which the patent or application, as the case may be, names another inventor and was effectively filed before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claim 1 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Iwase et al. (JP 2019130565 ) hereinafter Iwase. Regarding claim 1, Iwase discloses, in Fig. 5, A method for joining different kinds of metal materials (abstract: “ manufacturing method of a joint body, a rivet, and a structure for joining ” ) , wherein a plurality of metal members (11, “ first member ” and 13, “ second member ” ) made of different materials (paragraph 12: “ the first member 11 is made of … aluminum or aluminum alloy, and the second member 13 … made of a steel material ” ) are joined by resistance welding (paragraph 2: “ techniques for joining two members include … resistance welding ” ) using a rivet (15, “ rivet ” ) , the method comprising: preparing the rivet (15) , the plurality of metal members (11, 13) , and a first electrode (31, “ electrode ” ) and a second electrode (33, “ electrode ” ) , each having a shank (annotated Fig. 5: E1 & E3, “ shank ” ) and an electrode portion (annotated Fig. 5: E2 & E4, “ electrode portion ” ) provided at a tip of the shank (the configuration is shown in annotated Fig. 5) ; sandwiching the rivet and the plurality of metal members between the first electrode and the second electrode (the arrangement is shown in Fig. 5) ; and embedding the rivet (15) into the metal member by pressurization and energization (shown in Fig. 5) using the first electrode (31) and the second electrode (33) , wherein the preparing includes preparing, as the first electrode (31) and the second electrode (33) , two electrodes (31, 33) that satisfy a condition in which each of electrical resistance values of the first and second electrodes (31, 33) is lower than or equal to a sum of an electrical resistance value of the plurality of metal members (11, 13) to be joined and an electrical resistance value of the rivet (15) (Iwase discloses the first and second “ electrodes used are made of chromium-copper alloys ” in paragraph 48, and “ the first member 11 is made of … aluminum or aluminum alloy, and the second member 13 and the rivet 15 are made of a steel material ” in paragraph 12, which corresponds to the material combination described in the application under examination. Chromium-copper alloys are known to have high electrical conductivity and thus low electrical resistance, whereas aluminum and steel members exhibit higher electrical resistance. Therefore, in a resistance welding configuration as disclosed by Iwase, the electrical resistance of the electrodes would inherently be lower than or equal to the combined electrical resistance of the metal members and the rivet, such that the claimed relationship is satisfied ) . Fig. 5 of Iwase, annotated Regarding claim 2, Iwase discloses, in Fig. 5, The method for joining different kinds of metal materials (abstract) according to claim 1, wherein the first and second electrodes (31, 33) are formed of a copper alloy containing chromium (paragraph 48: “ electrodes used are made of chromium-copper alloys ” ). Conclusion The prior art made of record and not relied upon is considered pertinent to applicant's disclosure. Yamauchi et al. (US 20200317100), Yamada et al. (US 20170349220), Spinella (US 20150000956), Kurokawa et al. (US 11400540) , Okabe et al. (6037559) . Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to FILLIN "Examiner name" \* MERGEFORMAT JE HWAN JOHN PARK whose telephone number is FILLIN "Phone number" \* MERGEFORMAT (571)272-6405 . The examiner can normally be reached FILLIN "Work Schedule?" \* MERGEFORMAT Monday-Friday 9AM-5PM . Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, FILLIN "SPE Name?" \* MERGEFORMAT Helena Kosanovic can be reached at FILLIN "SPE Phone?" \* MERGEFORMAT 571-272-9059 . 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