Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/280,165

ASSISTED LOADING OF HYDROPHOBIC MOLECULES INTO LIPOSOMES

Final Rejection §112
Filed
Sep 01, 2023
Examiner
GULLEDGE, BRIAN M
Art Unit
1699
Tech Center
1600 — Biotechnology & Organic Chemistry
Assignee
UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT
OA Round
2 (Final)
55%
Grant Probability
Moderate
3-4
OA Rounds
3y 3m
To Grant
82%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 55% of resolved cases
55%
Career Allow Rate
521 granted / 942 resolved
-4.7% vs TC avg
Strong +26% interview lift
Without
With
+26.5%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 3m
Avg Prosecution
24 currently pending
Career history
966
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
0.9%
-39.1% vs TC avg
§103
49.2%
+9.2% vs TC avg
§102
15.2%
-24.8% vs TC avg
§112
20.4%
-19.6% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 942 resolved cases

Office Action

§112
DETAILED ACTION Previous Rejections Applicants' arguments, filed 06 February 2026, have been fully considered. The obviousness rejection is withdrawn both in view of the amendment to the claims and in view of the remarks presented. The following rejections and/or objections are either reiterated or newly applied. They constitute the complete set presently being applied to the instant application. Rejoinder Claims 1-3, 5, 7, 10-11, 13, 20, 23, 25, 27-28, and 73 are directed to an allowable product. Pursuant to the procedures set forth in MPEP § 821.04(b), claims 9, 14-15, and 17, directed to the process of making or using the allowable product, previously withdrawn from consideration as a result of a restriction requirement, are hereby rejoined and fully examined for patentability under 37 CFR 1.104. Claims 29 and 30, directed to the invention(s) of Group II do not require all the limitations of an allowable product claim, and have NOT been rejoined. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 112 – Indefiniteness The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112(b): (b) CONCLUSION.—The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor regards as the invention. Claim 9 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) as being indefinite for failing to particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor regards as the invention. Claim 9 recites the limitation "assisting molecule." There is insufficient antecedent basis for this limitation in the claim. The assisting molecule was deleted in the most recent claim amendment from claim 1, and instead a “terpene” is required (though it is noted that none of the assisting molecules recited are terpenes). The claim would be definite if claim 9 recited that the mixture further comprises an assisting molecule selected from the group of options presented in claim 9. Claims 14, 15, and 17 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) as being indefinite for failing to particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor regards as the invention. Claim14 (from which claims 15 and 17 depend) recite that the cargo is a nucleic acid. First, the limitation in claim 1 (from which claim 14 depends) recites a "hydrophobic cargo molecule." There is insufficient antecedent basis for this limitation in the claim, as it is unclear whether claim 14 is further limiting the hydrophobic cargo molecule of claim 1. Further, the cargos recited by the rejected claims are no necessarily hydrophobic. The claims would be definite if claim 14 recited that the mixture further comprises a nucleic acid. Allowable Subject Matter Claims 1-3, 5, 7, 10-11, 13, 20, 23, 25, 27-28, and 73 are allowed. The following is a statement of reasons for the indication of allowable subject matter: The closest prior art is considered previously cited de Sousa Martins (US Patent Application Publication 2017/0231920), which discloses methods for producing liposome vesicles for use as carriers of lipophilic molecules (abstract). The methods involves mixing phospholipids, a cationic excipient, and the lipophilic molecule in a solvent, drying the mixture, and then hydrating to form the liposome (abstract & figure 1). The resultant liposomes from the method are unilamellar (id.). The lipophilic molecule can be lutein (abstract), which is the elected species of cargo molecule. The resultant liposomes are useful for treating age-related macular degeneration (paragraph [43]). De Sousa Martins des not further suggest the inclusion of terpene such as the elected species of limonene. Further, it is unexpected that including such an ingredient would assist the loading of the liposomes, and this unexpected effect supports allowability. Conclusion Applicant's amendment necessitated the new ground(s) of rejection presented in this Office action. Accordingly, THIS ACTION IS MADE FINAL. See MPEP § 706.07(a). Applicant is reminded of the extension of time policy as set forth in 37 CFR 1.136(a). A shortened statutory period for reply to this final action is set to expire THREE MONTHS from the mailing date of this action. In the event a first reply is filed within TWO MONTHS of the mailing date of this final action and the advisory action is not mailed until after the end of the THREE-MONTH shortened statutory period, then the shortened statutory period will expire on the date the advisory action is mailed, and any nonprovisional extension fee (37 CFR 1.17(a)) pursuant to 37 CFR 1.136(a) will be calculated from the mailing date of the advisory action. In no event, however, will the statutory period for reply expire later than SIX MONTHS from the mailing date of this final action. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to Brian Gulledge whose telephone number is (571) 270-5756. The examiner can normally be reached Monday - Friday 7am - 4pm. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Fereydoun Sajjadi can be reached at (571) 272-3311. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /Brian Gulledge/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 1699
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Sep 01, 2023
Application Filed
Nov 04, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §112
Feb 02, 2026
Applicant Interview (Telephonic)
Feb 02, 2026
Examiner Interview Summary
Feb 06, 2026
Response Filed
Mar 25, 2026
Final Rejection — §112 (current)

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

Patent 12599677
TARGETED PH SENSITIVE LIPOSOMES
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 14, 2026
Patent 12589183
HEMOSTATIC PASTE AND USES THEREOF
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 31, 2026
Patent 12576017
SUNSCREEN COMPOSITION WITH ENHANCED PHOTOPROTECTION
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 17, 2026
Patent 12569371
STERILIZATION OF MEDICAL DRESSINGS WITH ENHANCED ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 10, 2026
Patent 12569461
THERAPEUTIC SUPPLEMENT
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 10, 2026
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

AI Strategy Recommendation

Get an AI-powered prosecution strategy using examiner precedents, rejection analysis, and claim mapping.
Powered by AI — typically takes 5-10 seconds

Prosecution Projections

3-4
Expected OA Rounds
55%
Grant Probability
82%
With Interview (+26.5%)
3y 3m
Median Time to Grant
Moderate
PTA Risk
Based on 942 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

Sign in with your work email

Enter your email to receive a magic link. No password needed.

Personal email addresses (Gmail, Yahoo, etc.) are not accepted.

Free tier: 3 strategy analyses per month