DETAILED ACTION Claims 1-9 are presented for examination. The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 112 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112(b): (b) CONCLUSION.—The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor regards as the invention. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA), second paragraph: The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the applicant regards as his invention. Claims 1-9 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA), second paragraph, as being indefinite for failing to particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor (or for applications subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, the applicant), regards as the invention. Regarding claim 1 , from which the other claims depend or incorporate by reference, the limitation “ the general formula Na 1+x Ti 2 (PO 4 ) 3 (where 0≤x≤2) ” (emphasis added) does not have sufficient antecedent basis. Art of Record The following is a statement of reasons for the indication of allowable subject matter: none of the timely art of record teaches or suggests the claimed sodium titanium phosphate salt claim 1 with a composition and stoichiometric ratios represented by Na 1+x Ti 2 (PO 4 ) 3 (where 0≤x≤2), with the claimed surface layer with the specifically claimed composition and stoichiometric ratios represented by Na 5 Ti(PO 4 ) 3 . See also instant specification, at e.g. ¶¶ 0028, 31, 44, and 107-130. The closest art of record includes e.g. Yamashita et al (JP 2020/027733) and Quan et al ( CN 107732167 ). Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to FILLIN "Examiner name" \* MERGEFORMAT YOSHITOSHI TAKEUCHI whose telephone number is FILLIN "Phone number" \* MERGEFORMAT (571)270-5828 . The examiner can normally be reached FILLIN "Work Schedule?" \* MERGEFORMAT M-F, 8-4 . Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, FILLIN "SPE Name?" \* MERGEFORMAT TIFFANY LEGETTE-THOMPSON can be reached at FILLIN "SPE Phone?" \* MERGEFORMAT (571)270-7078 . The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /YOSHITOSHI TAKEUCHI/ Primary Examiner, Art Unit 1723