Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/281,265

ANTIBACTERIAL METHODS & CELLS

Non-Final OA §102
Filed
Sep 08, 2023
Examiner
OGUNBIYI, OLUWATOSIN A
Art Unit
1645
Tech Center
1600 — Biotechnology & Organic Chemistry
Assignee
Folium Food Science Limited
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
63%
Grant Probability
Moderate
1-2
OA Rounds
3y 1m
To Grant
99%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 63% of resolved cases
63%
Career Allow Rate
579 granted / 914 resolved
+3.3% vs TC avg
Strong +43% interview lift
Without
With
+42.9%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 1m
Avg Prosecution
45 currently pending
Career history
959
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
5.5%
-34.5% vs TC avg
§103
26.4%
-13.6% vs TC avg
§102
24.0%
-16.0% vs TC avg
§112
26.4%
-13.6% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 914 resolved cases

Office Action

§102
Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Claims 2-38 have been cancelled. Claim 1 is pending and is under examination. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis (i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA ) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale, or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claim(s) 1 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Sommer et al. US 2018/0273940 9/27/2018. Sommer et al disclose a method of killing a Clostridium difficile target cell, the cell comprising at least one Resistance- Nodulation-Cell Division (RND)-efflux pump (the instant specification at p. 22 lines 24-27 teaches that an example target cell is Clostridium difficile), the method comprising contacting the Clostridium difficile target cell with a E. coli carrier bacterial cell, wherein the carrier cell comprises a conjugative plasmid, the plasmid CRISPR guided vector (CGV) containing an antibacterial agent i.e. gRNA-encoding CRISPR array that is toxic to the target cell, wherein the CGV harnesses the endogenous Cas3 machinery of the Clostridium difficile target cell, wherein the E. coli carrier cell conjugates to the target cell and the CRISPR guided vector (CGV) is transferred into the C. difficile target cell, wherein the agent gRNA-encoding CRISPR is expressed (transcribed) in the target cell and the target cell is killed. See paragraphs 882-886 example 4: In Vitro CRISPR Killing of Clostridium difficile by Conjugative Plasmid Vectors and Cas3. Claim(s) 1 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Lu et al. US 2015/0064138 3/5/15. Lu et al disclose a method of killing a bacterial target cell (see paragraph 143, 168), the cell comprising at least one Resistance-Nodulation-Cell Division (RND)-efflux pump which e.g. targets of interest in P. aeruginosa include efflux pump mutations, which are chromosomal mutations in genes such as mexR and mexS that confer multi-drug resistance, porin loss mutations, which are chromosomal mutations in genes such as oprD that confer resistance to imipenem resistance (paragraph 195), the method comprising contacting the target cell with a carrier bacterial cell, wherein the probiotic cell comprises a conjugative plasmid, the plasmid encoding an antibacterial agent comprising a programmable nuclease circuit that is toxic to the target cell e.g. by selectively removing bacteria with specific genomic contents such as, for example antibiotic resistance and/or virulence and/or metabolic pathways), wherein the carrier cell conjugates to the target cell and the plasmid is transferred into the target cell, wherein the agent is expressed in the target cell and the target cell is killed. (See paragraphs 24, 86, 95, 100, 143, 168, 186, 187, 203-205 and 211). The instant specification at p. 2 disclose oprD and that efflux pumps belonging to the resistance-nodulation-division (RND) family of transporters are the major multi-drug efflux (Mex) mechanism in both E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Thus, mexR and mexS disclosed by Lu et al (see above) belong to resistance-nodulation-division (RND) family of transporters/efflux pumps. Status of Claims Claim 1 is rejected. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to OLUWATOSIN A OGUNBIYI whose telephone number is (571)272-9939. The examiner can normally be reached IFP. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Daniel Kolker can be reached at 5712723181. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /OLUWATOSIN A OGUNBIYI/ Primary Examiner, Art Unit 1645
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Sep 08, 2023
Application Filed
Jan 14, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §102 (current)

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

Patent 12599549
TREATMENT OF MODERATE TO VERY SEVERE GLABELLAR LINES AND LATERAL CANTHAL LINES
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 14, 2026
Patent 12601745
DIAGNOSTICS OF PERIODONTITIS
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 14, 2026
Patent 12594309
BIFIDOBACTERIA FOR TREATING DIABETES AND RELATED CONDITIONS
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 07, 2026
Patent 12589124
BIFIDOBACTERIUM LONGUM
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 31, 2026
Patent 12590285
CULTURE MEDIUM FOR BACTERIA
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 31, 2026
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

AI Strategy Recommendation

Get an AI-powered prosecution strategy using examiner precedents, rejection analysis, and claim mapping.
Powered by AI — typically takes 5-10 seconds

Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
63%
Grant Probability
99%
With Interview (+42.9%)
3y 1m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 914 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

Sign in with your work email

Enter your email to receive a magic link. No password needed.

Personal email addresses (Gmail, Yahoo, etc.) are not accepted.

Free tier: 3 strategy analyses per month