Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/281,649

CONFOCAL MICROSCOPE UNIT, CONFOCAL MICROSCOPE, AND CONTROL METHOD FOR CONFOCAL MICROSCOPE UNIT

Final Rejection §103
Filed
Sep 12, 2023
Examiner
BOURQUINE, MACKENZI TATE
Art Unit
2872
Tech Center
2800 — Semiconductors & Electrical Systems
Assignee
Hamamatsu Photonics K K
OA Round
2 (Final)
80%
Grant Probability
Favorable
3-4
OA Rounds
3y 6m
To Grant
92%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 80% — above average
80%
Career Allow Rate
57 granted / 71 resolved
+12.3% vs TC avg
Moderate +12% lift
Without
With
+11.5%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 6m
Avg Prosecution
33 currently pending
Career history
104
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§103
49.8%
+9.8% vs TC avg
§102
26.8%
-13.2% vs TC avg
§112
21.8%
-18.2% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 71 resolved cases

Office Action

§103
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Priority Receipt is acknowledged of certified copies of papers required by 37 CFR 1.55. Drawings The drawings filed on 09/12/2023 are acknowledged and accepted. Response to Amendment The amendments filed on 1/13/2026 are acknowledged and accepted. Claims 1 and 8 are amended and Claims 1-8 remain pending in the application. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claims 1-8 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Araya (US20090135476A1, foreign equivalent present in the IDS dated 02/24/2025) in view of Mano (US20110036993A1, foreign equivalent present in the IDS dated 09/12/2023) further in view of Hayashi (US20140361154A1). With respect to Claim 1, Araya discloses a confocal microscope unit (Fig. 10—element 7, light detection section; [0047]), attached to a connection port (Fig. 10—element 7 must be attached to the overall microscope 2 close to element 4) of a microscope (Fig. 10—element 2, laser scanning microscope; [0047]) with a microscope optical system (Fig. 10— optical elements of element 7, light detection section; [0047]) to constitute a confocal microscope (Fig. 10—element 2, laser scanning microscope; [0047]), comprising: a light source unit (Fig. 10—element 1, light source apparatus; [0076]) which includes a light source (Fig. 10—element 10, laser diode elements; [0047]) configured to output excitation light (Fig. 10— light outputted by element 10), a photodetector (Fig. 10—element 14, photodiode; [0048]) configured to detect (Fig. 10— light outputted by element 10 is detected by element 14) the excitation light (Fig. 10— light outputted by element 10) output from the light source (Fig. 10—element 10, laser diode elements; [0047]) and output a detection signal (Fig. 10 and [0072]—element 14 transmits a detection signal), a driver (Fig. 5—element 27, first drive circuit; [0076]) configured to supply a drive current ([0076]: element 27 provides a current signal to drive element 10) to the light source (Fig. 10—element 10, laser diode elements; [0047]), and a controller (Fig. 5—element 27, drive command; [0076]) configured to output a drive signal for controlling the drive current ([0076]: element 27 provides a current signal to drive element 10) to the driver (Fig. 5—element 27, first drive circuit; [0076]) according to a control signal indicating target light intensity ([0010]: lighting power may be altered to reach a target value); a scan mirror (Fig. 10—element 3, scanner; [0082]) which scans the excitation light (Fig. 10— light outputted by element 10) output from the light source unit (Fig. 10—element 1, light source apparatus; [0076]) on a sample (Fig. 10—element A, sample; [0047]) with a scan speed ([0014] and [0014]: light outputted by element 10 is used to scan the sample at a specified speed determined by the driver); and a housing (Fig. 10-- the box surrounding element 7 represents a housing) which is attachable (Fig. 10—the boxes surrounding element 7 connects to the box surrounding element 4) to the connection port (Fig. 10—element 7 must be attached to the overall microscope 2 close to element 4) and fixes the scan mirror (Fig. 10—element 3, scanner; [0082]) and the light source unit (Fig. 10—element 10, laser diode elements; [0047]) thereto (Fig. 10—the box surrounding element 7 contains elements 3 and 10), wherein the controller (Fig. 5—element 27, drive command; [0076]) has two types of functions including a setting mode ([0051]: high resolution mode) and an operation mode ([0051]: high speed mode), wherein in the setting mode ([0051]: high resolution mode), first control ([0053]: when high resolution mode is the observation mode, Vslow is outputted as the drive instruction signal) of adjusting and outputting the drive signal based on the control signal and the detection signal is executed and the first control ([0053]: when high resolution mode is the observation mode, Vslow is outputted as the drive instruction signal) is executed while changing a value of the control signal to generate and store a data table ([0053]: The drive command 25 has a memory 25 a that stores offset and gain for finely adjusting a drive instruction signal being changed when the observation mode is changed) indicating a correspondence between the drive current ([0076]: element 27 provides a current signal to drive element 10) and light intensity of the excitation light (Fig. 10— light outputted by element 10), and wherein in the operation mode ([0051]: high speed mode), second control ([0053]: when high speed mode is the observation mode, Vfast is assumed to be outputted as the drive instruction signa) outputting the control signal as the drive signal is executed, the data table is read out ([0053]: The drive command 25 has a memory 25 a that stores offset and gain for finely adjusting a drive instruction signal being changed when the observation mode is changed), the second control ([0053]: when high speed mode is the observation mode, Vfast is assumed to be outputted as the drive instruction signa) is executed by using the control signal corresponding to the drive current ([0076]: element 27 provides a current signal to drive element 10) corresponding to the target light intensity based on the data table ([0053]: element 25 reads offset and gain from the memory 25 a to calculate a drive instruction signal) However, Araya does not disclose a housing (Fig. 10-- the box surrounding element 7 represents a housing) which is attachable to the connection port and fixes the scan mirror and the light source unit thereto, and wherein in the operation mode control of stopping the drive current is executed when the light intensity indicated by the detection signal exceeds a predetermined value. Araya and Mano are related as all pertaining to the field of scanning microscopes. Mano does disclose a microscope unit (Fig. 1—element 1, laser scanning microscope; [0022]) wherein in the operation mode control of stopping the drive current is executed when the light intensity indicated by the detection signal exceeds a predetermined value ([0003]: a laser scanning microscope that controls irradiation of laser light so as to discontinue irradiation in the case the intensity of fluorescent light received is equal to or greater than a prescribed upper limit threshold value and in the case the intensity of fluorescent light received is equal to or less than a prescribed lower limit threshold value). Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to modify the device of Araya with the laser control of Mano in order to inhibit damage (discoloration) of a sample by laser light (Mano, [0003]). However, Araya and Mano do not disclose the target light intensity is set to change the light intensity of the excitation light according to a change in the scan speed of the excitation light on the sample. Araya, Mano, and Hayashi are related as all pertaining to the field of scanning microscopes. Hayashi discloses an image generation apparatus (Fig. 19—element 300, confocal image generation apparatus; [0122]) wherein the target light intensity is set to change the light intensity of the excitation light ([0123]: image sensor intensity is adjusted based off scanning speed) according to a change in the scan speed of the excitation light on the sample ([0006]: the confocal microscope may have variable scanning speed and output intensity). Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to combine the scanning microscope of Araya and Mano with the light intensity setting of Hayashi in order to create a microscope with has a good efficiency for super-resolution filter processing (Hayashi, [0055]). With respect to Claim 2, Araya, Mano, and Hayashi disclose the confocal microscope unit according to claim 1, and Araya further discloses wherein the light source unit (Fig. 10—element 1, light source apparatus; [0076]) includes a switch (Fig. 5—element 29, changeover switch; [0052]) which feeds back the detection signal from the photodetector (Fig. 10—element 14, photodiode; [0048]) to an output of the control signal of the controller (Fig. 5—element 27, drive command; [0076]) in the setting mode ([0051]: high resolution mode) and inputs the detection signal to the controller (Fig. 5—element 27, drive command; [0076]) in the operation mode ([0051]: high speed mode) (Fig. 5 and [0052]—element 29 feeds the detection signal from element 14 to an output of the control signal of element 27). With respect to Claim 3, Araya, Mano, and Hayashi disclose the confocal microscope unit according to claim 1, and Araya further discloses wherein the controller (Fig. 5—element 27, drive command; [0076]) executes automatic light intensity control of increasing and decreasing the drive signal so that a difference between the detection signal and the control signal decreases in the setting mode ([0051]: high resolution mode) and executes auto current control of outputting the drive signal based on the control signal in the operation mode ([0051]: high speed mode) ([0051]: high speed mode includes pulse width modulation). With respect to Claim 4, Araya, Mano, and Hayashi disclose the confocal microscope unit according to claim 1, and Araya further discloses wherein the driver (Fig. 5—element 27, first drive circuit; [0076]) includes a voltage control current source (Fig. 5—element 27d, galvanometer; [0076]) which generates the drive current ([0076]: element 27 provides a current signal to drive element 10) based on the drive signal ([0076]: element 25 stores a drive instruction signal and the detection signal by element 27 d). With respect to Claim 5, Araya, Mano, and Hayashi disclose the confocal microscope unit according to claim 1, and Araya further discloses wherein the controller (Fig. 5—element 27, drive command; [0076]) generates and stores ([0053]: The drive command 25 has a memory 25 a that stores offset and gain for finely adjusting a drive instruction signal being changed when the observation mode is changed) a data table indicating a correspondence between a drive value corresponding to the drive current ([0076]: element 27 provides a current signal to drive element 10) and the light intensity indicated by the control signal in the setting mode ([0051]: high resolution mode) and executes the second control ([0053]: when high speed mode is the observation mode, Vfast is assumed to be outputted as the drive instruction signa) by using the control signal having the drive value ([0076]: element 27 provides a current signal to drive element 10) corresponding to the target light intensity based on the data table ([0053]: element 25 reads offset and gain from the memory 25 a to calculate a drive instruction signal) in the operation mode ([0051]: high speed mode). With respect to Claim 6, Araya, Mano, and Hayashi disclose the confocal microscope unit according to claim 1, and Araya further discloses wherein the controller (Fig. 5—element 27, drive command; [0076]) generates and stores ([0080]: element 25 stores a relationship between the current signal and the drive instruction signal in the high resolution mode, and in the high speed mode, a drive instruction signal for giving desired quantity of light can be generated based of the stored relationship between the current signal and the drive instruction signal) a data table indicating a correspondence between a drive value corresponding to the drive signal and the light intensity indicated by the detection signal in the setting mode ([0051]: high resolution mode) and executes the second control ([0053]: when high speed mode is the observation mode, Vfast is assumed to be outputted as the drive instruction signa) by using the control signal having the drive value corresponding to the target light intensity based on the data table in the operation mode ([0051]: high speed mode). With respect to Claim 7, Araya, Mano, and Hayashi discloses a confocal microscope comprising: the confocal microscope unit according to claim 1; and Araya further discloses a microscope including the microscope optical system (Fig. 10— optical elements of element 7, light detection section; [0047]) and a connection port (Fig. 10—element 7 must be attached to the overall microscope 2 close to element 4) to which the confocal microscope unit (Fig. 10—element 7, light detection section; [0047]) is attached (Fig. 10—element 7 is attached to the rest of the microscope via a connection to element 4). With respect to Claim 8, Araya discloses a control method using a confocal microscope unit (Fig. 10—element 7, light detection section; [0047]) attached to a connection port (Fig. 10—element 7 must be attached to the overall microscope 2 close to element 4) of a microscope with a microscope optical system (Fig. 10— optical elements of element 7, light detection section; [0047]) to constitute a confocal microscope and including a light source unit (Fig. 10—element 1, light source apparatus; [0076]) which includes a light source (Fig. 10—element 10, laser diode elements; [0047]) configured to output excitation light (Fig. 10— light outputted by element 10), a photodetector (Fig. 10—element 14, photodiode; [0048]) configured to detect (Fig. 10— light outputted by element 10 is detected by element 14) the excitation light (Fig. 10— light outputted by element 10) output from the light source (Fig. 10—element 10, laser diode elements; [0047]) and output a detection signal, a driver (Fig. 5—element 27, first drive circuit; [0076]) configured to supply a drive current ([0076]: element 27 provides a current signal to drive element 10) to the light source (Fig. 10—element 10, laser diode elements; [0047]), and a controller (Fig. 5—element 27, drive command; [0076]) configured to output a drive signal ([0076]: element 27 provides a current signal to drive element 10) for controlling the drive current ([0076]: element 27 provides a current signal to drive element 10) to the driver (Fig. 5—element 27, first drive circuit; [0076]) according to a control signal indicating target light intensity ([0010]: lighting power may be altered to reach a target value), a scan mirror (Fig. 10—element 3, scanner; [0082]) which scans the excitation light (Fig. 10— light outputted by element 10) output from the light source unit (Fig. 10—element 1, light source apparatus; [0076]) on a sample (Fig. 10—element A, sample; [0047]) with a scan speed ([0014] and [0014]: light outputted by element 10 is used to scan the sample at a specified speed determined by the driver), and a housing (Fig. 10-- the box surrounding element 7 represents a housing) which is attachable (Fig. 10—the boxes surrounding element 7 connects to the box surrounding element 4) to the connection port (Fig. 10—element 7 must be attached to the overall microscope 2 close to element 4) and fixes the scan mirror (Fig. 10—element 3, scanner; [0082]) and the light source unit (Fig. 10—element 10, laser diode elements; [0047]) thereto (Fig. 10—the box surrounding element 7 contains elements 3 and 10), the control method comprising: executing first control ([0053]: when high resolution mode is the observation mode, Vslow is outputted as the drive instruction signal) of adjusting and outputting the drive signal based on the control signal and the detection signal and executing the first control ([0053]: when high resolution mode is the observation mode, Vslow is outputted as the drive instruction signal) while changing a value of the control signal to generate and store ([0053]: The drive command 25 has a memory 25 a that stores offset and gain for finely adjusting a drive instruction signal being changed when the observation mode is changed) a data table indicating a correspondence between the drive current ([0076]: element 27 provides a current signal to drive element 10) and light intensity of the excitation light (Fig. 10— light outputted by element 10); and executing second control ([0053]: when high speed mode is the observation mode, Vfast is assumed to be outputted as the drive instruction signa) of outputting the control signal as the drive signal, reading out the data table, executing the second control ([0053]: when high speed mode is the observation mode, Vfast is assumed to be outputted as the drive instruction signa) by using the control signal corresponding to the drive current ([0076]: element 27 provides a current signal to drive element 10) corresponding to the target light intensity based on the data table. However, Araya does not disclose a housing (Fig. 10-- the box surrounding element 7 represents a housing) which is attachable to the connection port and fixes the scan mirror and the light source unit thereto, and wherein in the operation mode, executing control of stopping the drive current when the light intensity indicated by the detection signal exceeds a predetermined value. Mano does disclose a microscope unit (Fig. 1—element 1, laser scanning microscope; [0022]) wherein in the operation mode control of stopping the drive current is executed when the light intensity indicated by the detection signal exceeds a predetermined value ([0003]: a laser scanning microscope that controls irradiation of laser light so as to discontinue irradiation in the case the intensity of fluorescent light received is equal to or greater than a prescribed upper limit threshold value and in the case the intensity of fluorescent light received is equal to or less than a prescribed lower limit threshold value). Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to modify the device of Araya with the laser control of Mano in order to inhibit damage (discoloration) of a sample by laser light (Mano, [0003]). However, Araya and Mano do not disclose the target light intensity is set to change the light intensity of the excitation light according to a change in the scan speed of the excitation light on the sample. Araya, Mano, and Hayashi are related as all pertaining to the field of scanning microscopes. Hayashi discloses an image generation apparatus (Fig. 19—element 300, confocal image generation apparatus; [0122]) wherein the target light intensity is set to change the light intensity of the excitation light ([0123]: image sensor intensity is adjusted based off scanning speed) according to a change in the scan speed of the excitation light on the sample ([0006]: the confocal microscope may have variable scanning speed and output intensity). Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to combine the scanning microscope of Araya and Mano with the light intensity setting of Hayashi in order to create a microscope with has a good efficiency for super-resolution filter processing (Hayashi, [0055]). Response to Arguments Applicant’s arguments with respect to claims 1 and 8 have been considered but are moot because the new ground of rejection does not rely on any reference applied in the prior rejection of record for any teaching or matter specifically challenged in the argument. Conclusion Applicant's amendment necessitated the new ground(s) of rejection presented in this Office action. Accordingly, THIS ACTION IS MADE FINAL. See MPEP § 706.07(a). Applicant is reminded of the extension of time policy as set forth in 37 CFR 1.136(a). A shortened statutory period for reply to this final action is set to expire THREE MONTHS from the mailing date of this action. In the event a first reply is filed within TWO MONTHS of the mailing date of this final action and the advisory action is not mailed until after the end of the THREE-MONTH shortened statutory period, then the shortened statutory period will expire on the date the advisory action is mailed, and any nonprovisional extension fee (37 CFR 1.17(a)) pursuant to 37 CFR 1.136(a) will be calculated from the mailing date of the advisory action. In no event, however, will the statutory period for reply expire later than SIX MONTHS from the mailing date of this final action. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to MACKENZI BOURQUINE whose telephone number is (571)272-5956. The examiner can normally be reached Monday - Friday 8:30 - 4:30 EST. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Pinping Sun can be reached at (571) 270-1284. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /MACKENZI BOURQUINE/Examiner, Art Unit 2872 /WILLIAM R ALEXANDER/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 2872
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Sep 12, 2023
Application Filed
Oct 15, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §103
Jan 13, 2026
Response Filed
Mar 06, 2026
Final Rejection — §103 (current)

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

Patent 12596326
HOLOGRAPHIC OPTICAL DEVICE AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 07, 2026
Patent 12593975
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DETERMINING REFRACTION FEATURES OF BOTH FIRST AND SECOND EYES OF A SUBJECT
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 07, 2026
Patent 12566310
ACTUATOR FOR DRIVING ZOOM
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 03, 2026
Patent 12560848
DISPLAY PANEL STRUCTURE AND DRIVING METHOD THEREFOR
2y 5m to grant Granted Feb 24, 2026
Patent 12554148
OPHTHALMIC OPTICAL SYSTEM, OPHTHALMIC DEVICE, AND OPHTHALMIC SYSTEM
2y 5m to grant Granted Feb 17, 2026
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

AI Strategy Recommendation

Get an AI-powered prosecution strategy using examiner precedents, rejection analysis, and claim mapping.
Powered by AI — typically takes 5-10 seconds

Prosecution Projections

3-4
Expected OA Rounds
80%
Grant Probability
92%
With Interview (+11.5%)
3y 6m
Median Time to Grant
Moderate
PTA Risk
Based on 71 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

Sign in with your work email

Enter your email to receive a magic link. No password needed.

Personal email addresses (Gmail, Yahoo, etc.) are not accepted.

Free tier: 3 strategy analyses per month