DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA. Election/Restriction Inventor’s election, without traverse, of the claims of Group I (claims 71-79) and benzalkonium chloride as the Group and single grouping of patentably indistinct species, respectively, elected to begin prosecution is acknowledged. The election/restriction is hereby made FINAL. Drawings The drawings are objected to because portions of Fig. 19 are functionally illegible primarily due to the small typeface. Corrected drawing sheets in compliance with 37 CFR 1.121(d) are required in reply to the Office action to avoid abandonment of the application. Any amended replacement drawing sheet should include all of the figures appearing on the immediate prior version of the sheet, even if only one figure is being amended. The figure or figure number of an amended drawing should not be labeled as “amended.” If a drawing figure is to be canceled, the appropriate figure must be removed from the replacement sheet, and where necessary, the remaining figures must be renumbered and appropriate changes made to the brief description of the several views of the drawings for consistency. Additional replacement sheets may be necessary to show the renumbering of the remaining figures. Each drawing sheet submitted after the filing date of an application must be labeled in the top margin as either “Replacement Sheet” or “New Sheet” pursuant to 37 CFR 1.121(d). If the changes are not accepted by the examiner, the applicant will be notified and informed of any required corrective action in the next Office action. The objection to the drawings will not be held in abeyance. Specification The disclosure is objected to because of the following informalities: at least on page 9, line 12, the disclosure includes a note from the translator commenting on the text. This – and any other translator notes which may be present in the disclosure – should be deleted. Appropriate correction is required. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 112 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112(b): (b ) CONCLUSION.— The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor regards as the invention. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA), second paragraph: The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the appl icant regards as his invention. Claim 71 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA), second paragraph, as being indefinite for failing to particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor (or for applications subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, the applicant), regards as the invention. It is unclear what exactly is the difference between a halite ion and a halite. These appear to be two different names for the same set of chemical compounds viz . the conjugate base of a halogenous acid. Clarification is in order. Claim 74 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA), second paragraph, as being indefinite for failing to particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor (or for applications subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, the applicant), regards as the invention. Given the definition of variables R 11 , R 21 , R 31 and R 41 of independent claim 71 (the claim from which claim 74 immediately depends), there is insufficient antecedent basis for the compounds : ammonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, dequalinium chloride, oxytropium , glycopyrronium , safranin, sphingomyelin, denatonium , trigonelline, neostigmine, paraquat, pyridostigmine, phellodendrine , pralidoxime, betanin and lecithin in the claim. Claims 72, 73 and 75-79 are also rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA), second paragraph, as being indefinite for failing to particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor (or for applications subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, the applicant), regards as the invention. The claims all depend, or ultimately depend, from an indefinite claim yet do not relieve the indefiniteness. Dependent claims 72, 73 and 75-79 are also, therefore, indefinite. Markush Search All elected claims have been examined with respect to formal matters. The elected species has been searched and is not deemed free of the prior art. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis ( i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA ) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale , or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claims 71 -75 and 79 , in so far as they read on the elected species, are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being clearly anticipated by US 2012/0322124 A1 , cited in the IDS . The reference teaches a method for the control of contaminant microorganisms in fermentation broths (i.e. ethanol production from agricultural feedstocks) composed of synergistic formulations of stabilized chlorine dioxide an d quaternary ammonium compounds (abstract). Stabilized chloride dioxide compounds include chlorite compounds such as sodium chlorite (page 6, [0061]). Quaternary ammonium compounds include a benzalkonium chloride – an example of which is explicitly taught (page 5, diagramed structure (2)). With respect to the instant limitations of instant formula (XI) as to its Lewis acidity, and its ability to catalyze radical generation from a radical source in a liquid that is not acidic and where the radical source is a halogenous acid, halite ion or halite, the examiner notes that these properties/characteristics must be intrinsic to the quaternary ammonium of diagramed structure (2) of the cited art. As inventor acknowledges in the Response to Restriction Requirement (11/10/2025), the instant claims encompass benzalkonium chloride s. And that being case, benzalkonium chlorides must intrinsically possess the limitations outlined in instant independent claim 71. Note that a compound and its properties are inseparable (MPEP 2112.01; 2141.02 (V). Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to FILLIN "Examiner name" \* MERGEFORMAT BRIAN J DAVIS whose telephone number is FILLIN "Phone number" \* MERGEFORMAT (571)272-0638 . The examiner can normally be reached FILLIN "Work Schedule?" \* MERGEFORMAT M-F 8:30-5:00 PM EST . Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice . If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Ali Soroush, can be reached at 571-272-9925. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /BRIAN J DAVIS/ Primary Examiner, Art Unit 1614 12/13/2025