Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/332,046

PLUG-TYPE PIPE CONNECTION

Non-Final OA §102§103
Filed
Jun 09, 2023
Examiner
KEE, FANNIE C
Art Unit
3679
Tech Center
3600 — Transportation & Electronic Commerce
Assignee
Witzenmann GmbH
OA Round
3 (Non-Final)
70%
Grant Probability
Favorable
3-4
OA Rounds
3y 7m
To Grant
99%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 70% — above average
70%
Career Allow Rate
536 granted / 769 resolved
+17.7% vs TC avg
Strong +30% interview lift
Without
With
+29.8%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 7m
Avg Prosecution
28 currently pending
Career history
797
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
0.1%
-39.9% vs TC avg
§103
32.3%
-7.7% vs TC avg
§102
38.4%
-1.6% vs TC avg
§112
26.4%
-13.6% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 769 resolved cases

Office Action

§102 §103
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Continued Examination Under 37 CFR 1.114 A request for continued examination under 37 CFR 1.114, including the fee set forth in 37 CFR 1.17(e), was filed in this application after final rejection. Since this application is eligible for continued examination under 37 CFR 1.114, and the fee set forth in 37 CFR 1.17(e) has been timely paid, the finality of the previous Office action has been withdrawn pursuant to 37 CFR 1.114. Applicant's submission filed on 7/7/25 has been entered. Claim Status Claims 1, 3-6, 8-14 and 17-20 are pending. Examiner acknowledges Applicant’s amendments to claims 1, 3-6, 8-14 and 17-20 and canceled claims 2, 7, 15 and 16. With regard to previously indicated allowable subject matter, Applicant’s amendments to the claims, especially claims 1 and 17, have changed the previous indications of allowable subject matter. Response to Arguments Applicant’s arguments with respect to claim(s) 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10-13 and 17-19 have been considered but are moot because of the new ground of rejection set forth below in response to the amendments to the claims. Claim Objections Claim 1 is objected to because of the following informalities: Line 12 – add --of-- between “pushing” and “the first”. Correction is required. Claim 3 is objected to because of the following informalities: Line 2 – replace “the” before “outer” with --an--. The outer fastening structure has not been previously recited in claim 1 from which claim 3 depends. Correction is required. Claim 6 is objected to because of the following informalities: Line 4 – replace “the” before “fastening” with --a--. The fastening structure has not been previously recited in claim 1 from which claim 6 depends. Correction is required. Claim 10 is objected to because of the following informalities: Line 1 – replace “claim 9” with --claim 8--. Correction is required. Claim 17 is objected to because of the following informalities: Line 11 – add --of-- between “pushing” and “the first”. Correction is required. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis (i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA ) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale, or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claim(s) 1, 3, 6, 8, 13, 17 and 18 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Dickirson U.S. Patent No. 4,697,832. With regard to claim 1, and as shown in Figure 1, Dickirson discloses a plug connection, comprising: an inner pipe (at 12); an outer pipe (at 14) that is plugged with one end thereof onto one end of the inner pipe; a spring element (at 18) arranged on an outside of the inner pipe (at 12) in a region of said one end; the outer pipe (at 14) has a first widened portion (as shown below) at said one end of the outer pipe, such that the outer pipe (at 14) is spaced apart from the inner pipe (at 12) in a region of the first widened portion and is adapted to pass over and then engage with the spring element (at 18) during pushing the first widened portion onto the inner pipe (at 12); the outer pipe (at 14) has an engagement structure (see below) in the region of the first widened portion, and the spring element (at 18) engages with the engagement structure once the engagement structure axially passes over the spring element; and the spring element (at 18) is bent over axially in a connected state of the inner pipe and the outer pipe (as shown in Fig 1). PNG media_image1.png 268 510 media_image1.png Greyscale With regard to claim 3, Dickirson discloses wherein an outer fastening structure comprises at least one holding bead (at 30). With regard to claim 6, Dickirson discloses wherein the spring element (at 18) is elastically bent during pushing the first widened portion onto the inner pipe (at 12, wherein the spring element 18 is bent and then enters the engagement structure of the outer pipe 14), and the spring element (at 18) elastically latches into the fastening structure (at 30). With regard to claim 8, Dickirson discloses further comprising a sealing element (at 16) arranged between the inner pipe (at 12) and the outer pipe (at 14). With regard to claim 13, Dickirson discloses wherein the engagement structure (as shown above) comprises an aperture in the outer pipe (as shown above). With regard to claim 17, and as shown in Figure 1, Dickirson discloses a plug connection, comprising: an inner pipe (at 12); an outer pipe (at 14) that is plugged with one end thereof onto one end of the inner pipe (at 12); a spring element (at 18) arranged on an outside of the inner pipe (at 12) in a region of said one end, with the spring element (at 18) being fastened to an outer fastening structure (at 30) of the inner pipe (at 12); the outer pipe (at 14) has a first widened portion (as shown above) at said one end of the outer pipe, such that the outer pipe (at 14) is spaced apart from the inner pipe (at 12) in a region of the first widened portion and is adapted to pass over and then engage with the spring element (at 18) during pushing the first widened portion onto the inner pipe (at 12); the outer pipe (at 14) has an engagement structure (as shown above) in the region of the first widened portion, and the spring element (at 18) engages with the engagement structure once the engagement structure axially passes over the spring element; and the outer pipe (at 14) is pushable with said one end thereof onto said one end of the inner pipe (at 12) in an axial direction, with the spring element (at 18) being bent over in the axial direction and, when a connected state of the outer pipe (at 14) and the inner pipe (at 12) is achieved, forming an elastically joinable snap-action connection with a positively locking connection in conjunction with the engagement structure (as shown in Fig 1). With regard to claim 18, Dickirson discloses wherein the inner pipe (at 12) terminally has an insertion bevel (at 46) at said one end thereof. Claim(s) 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10-12 and 17 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Hollnagel U.S. Patent No. 5,803,512. With regard to claim 1, as shown in Figure 1, Hollnagel discloses a plug connection, comprising: an inner pipe (at 34, 60); an outer pipe (at 12) that is plugged with one end thereof onto one end of the inner pipe (at 34, 60); a spring element (at 44) arranged on an outside of the inner pipe (at 34, 60) in a region of said one end; the outer pipe (at 14) has a first widened portion (as shown below) at said one end of the outer pipe, such that the outer pipe (at 14) is spaced apart from the inner pipe (at 34, 60) in a region of the first widened portion and is adapted to pass over and then engage with the spring element (at 44) during pushing the first widened portion onto the inner pipe (at 34, 60); the outer pipe (at 14) has an engagement structure (at 16) in the region of the first widened portion, and the spring element (at 44) engages with the engagement structure (at 16) once the engagement structure (at 16) axially passes over the spring element (at 44); and the spring element (at 44) is bent over axially in a connected state of the inner pipe and the outer pipe (as shown in Fig 1). PNG media_image2.png 364 492 media_image2.png Greyscale With regard to claim 3, as shown in Figure 1, Hollnagel discloses wherein an outer fastening structure (between 38 and 60) comprises at least one holding bead (at 38). With regard to claim 5, as shown in Figure 1, Hollnagel discloses wherein the at least one holding bead (at 38) is configured toward an outside in the radial direction (toward an outside radially based on the longitudinal axis thru the connection). With regard to claim 6, as shown in Figure 1, Hollnagel discloses wherein the spring element (at 44) is elastically bent during pushing the first widened portion onto the inner pipe (at 34), and the spring element (at 44) elastically latches into the fastening structure (between 38 and 60). With regard to claim 8, as shown in Figure 1, Hollnagel discloses further comprising a sealing element (at 42) arranged between the inner pipe (at 34) and the outer pipe (at 12). With regard to claim 10, as shown in Figure 1, Hollnagel discloses wherein an internal diameter of the outer pipe (at 12) in a region of a second widened portion (as shown above) corresponds substantially to an external diameter of the inner pipe (at 34). With regard to claim 11, as shown in Figure 1, Hollnagel discloses wherein the sealing element (at 42) is arranged in a holding structure (as shown above) which is configured on the inner pipe at (34). With regard to claim 12, as shown in Figure 1, Hollnagel discloses wherein, in the region of said one end of the inner pipe, the inner pipe (at 34) has an outer fastening structure (between 38 and 60) for fastening the spring element (at 44), the outer fastening structure (between 38 and 60) comprises at least one holding bead (at 38), and the holding structure is formed in part by the outer fastening structure (between 38 and 60). With regard to claim 17, as shown in Figure 1, Hollnagel discloses a plug connection, comprising: an inner pipe (at 34, 60); an outer pipe (at 12) that is plugged with one end thereof onto one end of the inner pipe (at 34, 60); a spring element (at 44) arranged on an outside of the inner pipe (at 34, 60) in a region of said one end, with the spring element (at 44) being fastened to an outer fastening structure (between 38and 60) of the inner pipe (at 34, 60); the outer pipe (at 14) has a first widened portion (as shown above) at said one end of the outer pipe, such that the outer pipe (at 14) is spaced apart from the inner pipe (at 34, 60) in a region of the first widened portion and is adapted to pass over and then engage with the spring element (at 44) during pushing the first widened portion onto the inner pipe (at 34, 60); the outer pipe (at 14) has an engagement structure (at 16) in the region of the first widened portion, and the spring element (at 44) engages with the engagement structure (at 16) once the engagement structure (at 16) axially passes over the spring element (at 44); and the outer pipe (at 14) is pushable with said one end thereof onto said one end of the inner pipe (at 34, 60) in an axial direction, with the spring element (at 44) being bent over in the axial direction and, when a connected state of the outer pipe (at 14) and the inner pipe (at 34, 60) is achieved, forming an elastically joinable snap-action connection with a positively locking connection in conjunction with the engagement structure (as shown in Fig 1). Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claim(s) 19 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Dickirson. With regard to claim 19, Dickirson discloses the claimed invention but does not expressly disclose that the inner pipe and the outer pipe are formed from a metallic material. It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to have the inner pipe and the outer pipe be formed from a metallic material with a reasonable expectation of success based on the required environment because it has been held to be within the general skill of a worker in the art to select a known material on the basis of its suitability for the intended use as a matter of obvious design choice. In re Leshin, 125 USPQ 416. Claim(s) 19 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Hollnagel. With regard to claim 19, Hollnagel discloses the claimed invention but does not expressly disclose that the inner pipe and the outer pipe are formed from a metallic material. It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to have the inner pipe and the outer pipe be formed from a metallic material with a reasonable expectation of success based on the required environment because it has been held to be within the general skill of a worker in the art to select a known material on the basis of its suitability for the intended use as a matter of obvious design choice. In re Leshin, 125 USPQ 416. Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to FANNIE KEE whose telephone number is (571)272-1820. The examiner can normally be reached 8am-5pm. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Matthew Troutman can be reached at 571-270-3654. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /F.K./Examiner, Art Unit 3679 /Matthew Troutman/Supervisory Patent Examiner, Art Unit 3679
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Prosecution Timeline

Jun 09, 2023
Application Filed
Sep 07, 2024
Non-Final Rejection — §102, §103
Dec 16, 2024
Response Filed
Mar 17, 2025
Final Rejection — §102, §103
Jun 23, 2025
Response after Non-Final Action
Jul 07, 2025
Request for Continued Examination
Jul 14, 2025
Response after Non-Final Action
Jan 09, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §102, §103 (current)

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

Patent 12601439
FITTING WITH RING NUT FOR FIXING A BRANCH PIPE OF AN IRRIGATION SYSTEM
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 14, 2026
Patent 12601429
Wear Ring
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 14, 2026
Patent 12601432
FLOATING CONNECTOR FOR LIQUID COOLING DEVICE
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 14, 2026
Patent 12595865
Coupling and Circumferential Groove Shape
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 07, 2026
Patent 12590666
COUPLING FOR INSULATED PIPING
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 31, 2026
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

3-4
Expected OA Rounds
70%
Grant Probability
99%
With Interview (+29.8%)
3y 7m
Median Time to Grant
High
PTA Risk
Based on 769 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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