Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/354,958

UTILIZING MACHINE LEARNING MODELS TO GENERATE FRAUD PREDICTIONS FOR CARD-NOT-PRESENT NETWORK TRANSACTIONS

Non-Final OA §112
Filed
Jul 19, 2023
Examiner
KANAAN, TONY P
Art Unit
3696
Tech Center
3600 — Transportation & Electronic Commerce
Assignee
Chime Financial Inc.
OA Round
4 (Non-Final)
28%
Grant Probability
At Risk
4-5
OA Rounds
4y 0m
To Grant
56%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants only 28% of cases
28%
Career Allow Rate
51 granted / 179 resolved
-23.5% vs TC avg
Strong +28% interview lift
Without
With
+28.0%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
4y 0m
Avg Prosecution
34 currently pending
Career history
213
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
50.5%
+10.5% vs TC avg
§103
29.6%
-10.4% vs TC avg
§102
13.9%
-26.1% vs TC avg
§112
4.8%
-35.2% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 179 resolved cases

Office Action

§112
Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Status of Claims This action is in response to remarks received 11/21/2025. Claims 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19 & 20 have been amended. Claims 1, 11 & 17 are independent and claims 2-10, 12-16 and 18-20 are dependent claims. Applicant’s arguments, see pages 14-22, filed 11/21/2025, with respect to rejection under 35 USC 101 have been fully considered and are persuasive. The 35 USC 101 rejection of claims 1-20 has been withdrawn. Claims 1-20 are currently pending and have been examined. Claim Objections Claims 1, 11 & 17 are objected to under 35 USC 112 (a) and (b) because the claims do not define objective boundaries for what constitutes a sufficient “amount of impact”, nor do they specify whether SHAP values or other attribution metrics are required, rendering the scope unclear. Claims 1, 11 & 17 are objected to under 35 USC 112 (b) because the claims do not expressly recite the transactional boundary associated with “real-time”, leaving the scope broader than the disclosed embodiments. For purposes of examination, real-time is interpreted as occurring prior to authorization of the transaction. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 112 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112(b): (b) CONCLUSION.—The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor regards as the invention. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph: The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the applicant regards as his invention. The term “amount of impact” in claims 1, 11 & 17 is a relative term which renders the claim indefinite. The term “amount of impact” is not defined by the claim, the specification does not provide a standard for ascertaining the requisite degree, and one of ordinary skill in the art would not be reasonably apprised of the scope of the invention. It is not clear what defines an amount of impact, no threshold, metric, ranking rule, or comparison standard. Without an objective baseline or standard for determining what constitutes a sufficient “amount” of impact, the scope of the claims is subjective and varies depending on the evaluator, render the claims indefinite. As such, the term fails to particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter regarded as the invention. For the purpose of examination, the examiner interprets the amount of impact as a threshold amount. Claims 1, 11 & 17 rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph, as being incomplete for omitting essential structural cooperative relationships of elements, such omission amounting to a gap between the necessary structural connections. See MPEP § 2172.01. The omitted structural cooperative relationships are: it is unclear whether the card-not-present machine learning model, first decision tree, second decision tree, and logistic regression are one model, an ensemble, or separate models. Because the claims do not specify how these components are related or integrated, the claims fail to particularly point out the invention and leaves its scope ambiguous. Also, because the claims omit these essential cooperative relationships, the scope of protection cannot be determined with reasonable certainty. For the purpose of examination, the examiner interprets as being separate models. Claims 4 & 5 rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph, as being indefinite for failing to particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor (or for applications subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, the applicant), regards as the invention. Claim 6 does not yet exist in the shown sequence but claims 4 & 5 depict a computer-implemented method of claim 6. For the purpose of examination, the examiner interprets the sequence to be written incorrectly in which claim 6 would come prior to claims 4 and 5. Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to TONY P KANAAN whose telephone number is (571)272-2481. The examiner can normally be reached Monday- Friday 7:30am - 3:30 pm EST. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Matthew Gart can be reached on 5712723955. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /T.P.K./Examiner, Art Unit 3696 /MATTHEW S GART/Supervisory Patent Examiner, Art Unit 3696
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Prosecution Timeline

Jul 19, 2023
Application Filed
Dec 14, 2024
Non-Final Rejection — §112
Feb 19, 2025
Interview Requested
Feb 26, 2025
Applicant Interview (Telephonic)
Mar 03, 2025
Examiner Interview Summary
Mar 13, 2025
Response Filed
Mar 21, 2025
Final Rejection — §112
May 13, 2025
Interview Requested
May 22, 2025
Examiner Interview Summary
May 22, 2025
Applicant Interview (Telephonic)
Jun 06, 2025
Applicant Interview (Telephonic)
Jun 06, 2025
Examiner Interview Summary
Jun 27, 2025
Request for Continued Examination
Jun 30, 2025
Response after Non-Final Action
Aug 23, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §112
Oct 22, 2025
Interview Requested
Oct 28, 2025
Examiner Interview Summary
Oct 28, 2025
Applicant Interview (Telephonic)
Nov 21, 2025
Response Filed
Feb 06, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §112 (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

4-5
Expected OA Rounds
28%
Grant Probability
56%
With Interview (+28.0%)
4y 0m
Median Time to Grant
High
PTA Risk
Based on 179 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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