Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/367,532

Relay Valve Arrangement for a Trailer Brake System

Non-Final OA §102§Other
Filed
Sep 13, 2023
Examiner
HSIAO, JAMES K
Art Unit
3616
Tech Center
3600 — Transportation & Electronic Commerce
Assignee
Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
76%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
3y 2m
To Grant
92%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 76% — above average
76%
Career Allow Rate
597 granted / 780 resolved
+24.5% vs TC avg
Strong +15% interview lift
Without
With
+15.3%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 2m
Avg Prosecution
41 currently pending
Career history
821
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
0.5%
-39.5% vs TC avg
§103
31.2%
-8.8% vs TC avg
§102
41.5%
+1.5% vs TC avg
§112
20.5%
-19.5% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 780 resolved cases

Office Action

§102 §Other
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Priority Receipt is acknowledged of certified copies of papers required by 37 CFR 1.55. Claim Objections Claim 4 is objected to because of the following informalities: in line 3, the limitation “a output pressure” is recited. The limitation should read “an” output pressure. Appropriate correction is required. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis (i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA ) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale, or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claims 1-10 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102a1 as being anticipated by Frank et al (US-8434520). Regarding claim 1, Frank et al. discloses a valve arrangement for a trailer brake module (col. 1, lines 14-20), comprising: a brake supply pressure input (fig 3, 12, at least one of the left side ducts 12); a brake control pressure input (fig 3, 12, at least one of the left side ducts 12); a brake pressure output (fig 3, 12, at least another of the ducts 12) configured to supply a brake pressure to braking devices on a trailer (col. 1, lines 14-20 and col. 2, line 31-36 wherein the pneumatic interface can include ports for a connection to a plurality of lines, including, for example, a pressure reservoir and various outputs); a relay valve (18) configured to apply and release the brake pressure to the braking devices (col. 1, lines 14-15); a load solenoid (at least air admission valve 4, col. 4, line 17) an exhaust solenoid (vent valve 6, col. 4, line 18); and a backup solenoid (redundancy 5, col. 4, line 12) wherein the solenoids are configured to control pressure supply to a pilot port of the relay valve (18, col. 4, lines 10-35 at least during EBS control), the brake pressure capable of being modulated (fig 5, modulator 24 and at least col. 4, lines 10-48), and outputs of each the solenoids (at least at 14 and/or 4/5/6) are arranged substantially transversely to a direction of motion of the relay valve (fig 5, 18, wherein the motion of the relay valve has been interpreted as along an axis in an up/down direction with respect to 18 and fig 5 and pneumatic interface 14 has been interpreted as transverse or perpendicular to the axis of 18). Frank et al. also discloses wherein the valve cartridges 4a, 5a, and 6a run in transverse direction through pilot control housing 2 (col. 3, line 50-55). Regarding claim 2, Frank et al. discloses wherein the valve arrangement is arranged in a monoblock housing (2 and/or 2/24, wherein the monoblock housing has been interpreted as modulator 24, wherein fig 5 shows pilot control unit 1 together with its pneumatic interface 14 forming a sealing labyrinth with air-flow-boosting relay valve 18, col. 4, lines 3-6 and 44-46). Regarding claim 3, Frank et al. discloses wherein the outputs of each of the solenoids (4, 5, and 6) are arranged substantially perpendicularly to a direction of motion of a piston of the relay valve (fig 5, 18, wherein the motion of the relay valve has been interpreted as along an axis in an up/down direction with respect to 18 and fig 5 and pneumatic interface 14 has been interpreted as transverse or perpendicular to the axis of 18). Frank et al. also discloses wherein the valve cartridges 4a, 5a, and 6a run in transverse direction through pilot control housing 2 (col. 3, line 50-55). Regarding claim 4, Frank et al. discloses a pressure transducer (at least 10) located on an output side of the relay valve (at least figs 3 and 5), wherein an output of the pressure transducer is capable of modulating a output pressure of the relay valve (col. 3, line 64-col. 4, line 9). Regarding claim 5, Frank et al. discloses at least one solenoid (at least 4 or 5) configured to modulate an output pressure of the relay valve (at least col. 4, lines 10-15, during EBS control). Regarding claim 6, Frank et al. discloses wherein the brake supply pressure input, the brake control pressure input, and the brake pressure output (at least internal ducts 12) are disposed such that the relay valve (18) is insertable and removable from a first side of the arrangement without removing the solenoids (at least col. 2, lines 31-55 wherein 18 is attached at the bottom of 2 and the solenoids are insertable from a top side). Regarding claim 7, Frank et al. discloses wherein the brake supply pressure input, the brake control pressure input, and the brake pressure output (at least internal ducts 12) are disposed such that the relay valve (18) is insertable and removable from a first side of the arrangement without removing the solenoids (at least col. 2, lines 31-55 wherein 18 is attached at the bottom of 2 and the solenoids are insertable from a top side). Regarding claim 8, Frank et al. discloses wherein the brake supply pressure input, the brake control pressure input, and the brake pressure output (at least internal ducts 12) are disposed such that the relay valve (18) is insertable and removable from a first side of the arrangement without removing the solenoids (at least col. 2, lines 31-55 wherein 18 is attached at the bottom of 2 and the solenoids are insertable from a top side). Regarding claim 9, Frank et al. discloses wherein the brake control pressure input (12 and/or 12/14) is arranged substantially perpendicularly to the direction of motion of the relay valve (fig 5, 18, col. 2, lines 31-36 and wherein the motion of the relay valve has been interpreted as along an axis in an up/down direction with respect to 18 and fig 5 and pneumatic interface 14 has been interpreted as transverse or perpendicular to the axis of 18). Frank et al. also discloses wherein the valve cartridges 4a, 5a, and 6a run in transverse direction through pilot control housing 2 (col. 3, line 50-55). Regarding claim 10, Frank et al. discloses wherein the brake control pressure input (12 and/or 12/14) is arranged substantially perpendicularly to the direction of motion of the relay valve (fig 5, 18, col. 2, lines 31-36 and wherein the motion of the relay valve has been interpreted as along an axis in an up/down direction with respect to 18 and fig 5 and pneumatic interface 14 has been interpreted as transverse or perpendicular to the axis of 18). Frank et al. also discloses wherein the valve cartridges 4a, 5a, and 6a run in transverse direction through pilot control housing 2 (col. 3, line 50-55). Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to JAMES K HSIAO whose telephone number is (571)272-6259. The examiner can normally be reached 9-5, Monday-Friday. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Robert Siconolfi can be reached at 571-272-7124. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /JAMES K HSIAO/Examiner, Art Unit 3616
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Sep 13, 2023
Application Filed
Jan 06, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §102, §Other (current)

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

Patent 12595834
SEALING DEVICE AND DAMPER FOR HYDRAULIC EQUIPMENT
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 07, 2026
Patent 12576680
SYNTHETIC ELASTOMERIC AIR SPRING WITHOUT REINFORCING FIBERS
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 17, 2026
Patent 12545093
Hydro-Mount
2y 5m to grant Granted Feb 10, 2026
Patent 12537125
SOLENOID, DAMPING FORCE ADJUSTMENT MECHANISM, AND DAMPING FORCE ADJUSTABLE SHOCK ABSORBER
2y 5m to grant Granted Jan 27, 2026
Patent 12529408
VIBRATION DAMPER HAVING TWO ADJUSTABLE DAMPING VALVE DEVICES
2y 5m to grant Granted Jan 20, 2026
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

AI Strategy Recommendation

Get an AI-powered prosecution strategy using examiner precedents, rejection analysis, and claim mapping.
Powered by AI — typically takes 5-10 seconds

Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
76%
Grant Probability
92%
With Interview (+15.3%)
3y 2m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 780 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

Sign in with your work email

Enter your email to receive a magic link. No password needed.

Personal email addresses (Gmail, Yahoo, etc.) are not accepted.

Free tier: 3 strategy analyses per month